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a) For example, KOH/amines are used to control the distribution of side products in hydroformylation reactions: C. D. Frohnung, C. W. Kohlpaintner in Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds, Vol. 2 (Eds.: B. Cornils, W. A. Herrmann), VCH, Weinheim, 1996, p. 74.
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14
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0345674322
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note
-
c) Strictly speaking only species added in catalytic amounts may be considered to be "true" additives, otherwise (> 1 mol equiv) they may just be regarded as part of a special solvent mixture.
-
-
-
-
15
-
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0001091776
-
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Of course, the chiral ligand itself may already accelerate the catalytic reaction (ligand-accelerated catalysis, LAC): D. J. Berrisford, C. Bolm, K. B. Sharpless, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1159-1171; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1059-1070.
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16
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33748983103
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Of course, the chiral ligand itself may already accelerate the catalytic reaction (ligand-accelerated catalysis, LAC): D. J. Berrisford, C. Bolm, K. B. Sharpless, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1159-1171; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1059-1070.
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The importance of the degree of association of the catalyst can be illustrated by considering that the concentration of the reaction is crucial in some instances: a) G. E. Keck, D. Krishnamurthy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2363-2364;
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0345242597
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Such ferrocenyldiphosphane ligands may perhaps be particularly susceptible to additives due to their complex structure with respect to the metal center.
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60
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0345674314
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note
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Of course, amines in general might still be the most important additives in the future.
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61
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0000424026
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2), or in this case perhaps only an additional achiral reagent, for example, for catalytic asymmetric allenylations: G.-M. Yu, S. K. Yoon, K. Baek, J.-Y. Lee, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2504-2506; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2392-2395.
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2), or in this case perhaps only an additional achiral reagent, for example, for catalytic asymmetric allenylations: G.-M. Yu, S. K. Yoon, K. Baek, J.-Y. Lee, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 2504-2506; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2392-2395.
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