Anesthetic management of the parturient with fever and infection

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 478-488

  Kuczkowski, Krzysztof M ^a,b,c   Reisner, Laurence S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Dept of Anesth and Repro Medicine ^*  (United States)

^c UCSD MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Analgesia: epidural; Anesthesia: general; Chorioamnionitis; Fever; Hepatitis; Herpes simplex virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Maternal intrapartum fever; Obstetrical; Pneumonia; Pregnancy; Regional; Septic shock; Urinary tract infection

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; ISOFLURANE; MORPHINE; OPIATE; PETHIDINE; PYROGEN;

BACTERIAL INFECTION; BODY TEMPERATURE; CHILDBIRTH; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DRUG SAFETY; ENDOMETRITIS; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; FEVER; GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE; HAEMOPHILUS; HEPATITIS; HEPATITIS VIRUS; HERPES SIMPLEX; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPOTHALAMUS; INFECTION; INFLUENZA VIRUS; LABORATORY TEST; MEASLES VIRUS; MYCOPLASMA; PAPILLOMA VIRUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; RUBELLA VIRUS; SEPTIC SHOCK; SIDE EFFECT; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; TISSUE INJURY; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS REACTIVATION;

EID: 0345604440     PISSN: 09528180     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0952-8180(03)00081-3     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Stoelting R.K., Dierdorf S.F. Infectious diseases. Stoelting R.K., Dierdorf S.F. Anesthesia and Co-Existing Disease, 3rd ed. 1993;459-483 Churchill Livingstone, New York.
2. Rolbin S.H., Morningstar B.A. The febrile parturient. Birnbach D.J., Gatt S.P., Datta S. Textbook of Obstetric Anesthesia. 2000;375-391 Churchill Livingstone, New York.
3. Worthley L.I., Matthews N. Disorders of body temperature. Worthley L.I., Matthews N. Synopsis of Intensive Care Medicine. 1994;721-730 Churchill Livingstone, London.
4. Kluger M.J., Kozak W., Leon L.R., Soszynski D., Conn C.A. Fever and antipyresis. Prog Brain Res. 115:1998;465-475.
5. Kluger M.J., Kozak W., Conn C.A., Leon L.R., Soszynski D. Role of fever in disease. Ann NY Acad Sci. 29:1998;224-233.
6. Atkins E. Fever - new perspectives on an old phenomenon. N Engl J Med. 308:1983;958-969.
7. McMurray R.G., Katz V.L., Berry M.J., Cafalo R.C. The effect of pregnancy on metabolic responses during rest, immersion, and aerobic exercise in the water. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 158:1988;481-486.
8. Goodlin R.C., Chapin J.W. Determinants of maternal temperature during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 143:1982;97-103.
9. Gibbs R.S., Sweet R.L. Maternal and fetal infections. Creasy R.K., Resnik R. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Principles and Practice . 1990;656-725 W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
10. Carp H., Bailey S. The association between meningitis and dural puncture in bacteremic rats. Anesthesiology. 76:1992;739-742.
11. Isada N.B., Grossman J.H. Perinatal infections. Gabbe S.G., Niebyl J.R., Simpson J.L. Obstetrics Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 1991;1248-1261 Churchill Livingstone, New York.
12. Hollier L.M., Scott L.L., Murphree S.S., Wendel G.D. Jr. Postpartum endometritis caused by herpes simplex virus. Obstet Gynecol. 89:1997;836-838.
13. Hensleigh P.A., Andrews W.W., Brown Z., Greenspoon J., Yasukawa L., Prober C.G. Genital herpes during pregnancy inability to distinguish primary and recurrent infections clinically . Obstet Gynecol. 89:1997;891-895.
14. Scott L.L., Hollier L.M., Dias K. Perinatal herpesvirus infections. Herpes simplex, varicella, and CMV. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 11:1997;27-53.
15. Brown Z.A., Vontver L.A., Benedetti J., et al. Effects on infants of a first episode of genital herpes during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 317:1987;1246-1251.
16. Bader A.M., Camann W.R., Datta S. Anesthesia for cesarean delivery in patients with herpes simplex virus type-2 infections. Reg Anesth. 15:1990;261-263.
17. Ramanathan S., Sheth R., Turndorf H. Anesthesia for cesarean section in patients with genital herpes infections a retrospective study . Anesthesiology. 64:1986;807-809.
18. Crosby E.T., Halpern S.H., Rolbin S.H. Epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section in patients with active recurrent genital herpes simplex infections a retrospective review . Can J Anaesth. 36:1989;701-704.
19. Valley M.A., Bourke D.L., McKenzie A.M. Recurrence of thoracic and labial herpes simplex virus infection in a patient receiving epidural fentanyl. Anesthesiology. 76:1992;1056-1057.
20. James C.F. Recurrence of herpes simplex virus blepharitis after cesarean section and epidural morphine. Anesth Analg. 82:1996;1094-1096.
21. Boyle R.K. A review of anatomical and immunological links between epidural morphine and herpes simplex labialis in obstetric patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 23:1995;425-432.
22. Boyle R.K. Herpes simplex labialis after epidural or parenteral morphine a randomized prospective trial in an Australian obstetric population . Anaesth Intensive Care. 23:1995;433-437.
23. Norris M.C., Weiss J., Leighton B.L. The incidence of herpes simplex virus labialis after cesarean delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth. 3:1994;127-131.
24. Zambon M.C., Lockwood D.M. Hepatitis C seroconversion in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 101:1994;722-724.
25. Kelen G.D., Green G.B., Purcell R.H., et al. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in emergency department patients. N Engl J Med. 326:1992;1399-1404.
26. Kuczkowski K.M., Birnbach D.J., van Zundert A. Drug abuse in the parturient. Semin Anesth Periop Med Pain. 19:2000;216-224.
27. Wejstal R., Widell A., Mansson A.S., Hermodsson S., Norkrans G. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med. 117:1992;887-890.
28. WHO Geneva, Weekly Epidemiological Record. 1997;27:197-200.
29. Newman M.D., Wofsy C.B. Gender-specific issues in HIV disease. Sande M.A., Volberding P.A. The Medical Management of AIDS. 5th ed. 1997;475-490 W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
30. Hughes S.C. AIDS the focus turns to women . Int J Obstet Anesthesiol. 2:1993;1-2.
31. Ogilvie G., Adsett S., Macdonald G. Do physicians discuss HIV testing during prenatal care? Can Fam Physician. 43:1997;1376-1381.
32. Fauci A.S., Lane H.C. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease AIDS and related disorders . Isselbacher K.J., et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 1994;1852-1913 McGraw-Hill, New York.
33. Thea D.M., Steketee R.W., Pliner V., et al. The effect of maternal viral load on the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV-1. New York City Perinatal HIV Transmission Collaborative Study Group. AIDS. 11:1997;437-444.
34. Stratton P., Tuomala R.E., Abboud R., et al. Obstetric and newborn outcomes in a cohort of HIV infected pregnant women a report of the women and infants transmission study . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 20:1999;179-186.
35. Mock P.A., Shaffer N., Bhadrakom C., et al. Maternal viral load and timing of mother-to-child HIV transmission, Bangkok, Thailand. Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmission Study Group. AIDS. 13:1999;407-414.
36. St. Louis M.E., Kamenga M., Brown C., et al. Risk for perinatal HIV-1 transmission according to maternal immunologic, virologic, and placental factors. JAMA. 269:1993;2853-2859.
37. Kind C., Rudin C., Siegrist C.A., et al. Prevention of vertical HIV transmission additive protective effect of elective Cesarean section and zidovudine prophylaxis. Swiss Neonatal HIV Study Group . AIDS. 12:1998;205-210.
38. Kuczkowski K.M., Birnbach D.J. The HIV-infected parturient is neuraxial anesthesia contraindicated? Curr Anesthesiol Rep. 2:2000;118-121.
39. Greene E.R. Jr. Spinal and epidural anesthesia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Anesth Analg. 65:1986;1090-1091.
40. Hughes S.C., Dailey P.A., Landers D., Dattel B.J., Crombleholme W.R., Johnson J.L. Parturients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and regional anesthesia. Clinical and immunologic response. Anesthesiology. 82:1995;32-36.
41. Kanzer M.D. Neuropathology of AIDS. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 5:1990;313-362.
42. Tom D.J., Gulevich S.J., Shapiro H.M., Heaton R.K., Grant I. Epidural blood patch in the HIV-positive patient. Review of clinical experience. San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Anesthesiology. 76:1992;943-947.
43. Markovic S.N., Knight P.R., Marasko D.M. Inhibition of interferon stimulation of natural killer cell activity in mice anesthetized with halothane or isoflurane. Anesthesiology. 78:1993;700-706.
44. Kristensen M.S., Sloth E., Jensen T.K. Relationship between anesthetic procedure and contact of anesthesia personnel with patient body fluids. Anesthesiology. 73:1990;619-624.
45. Gerberding J.L. Limiting the risks of health care workers. Sande M.A., Volberding P.A. The Medical Management of AIDS. 5th ed :1997;54-64 W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
46. Lee W., Clark S.L., Cotton D.B., et al. Septic shock during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 159:1988;410-416.
47. Twickler D.M., Lucas M.J., Bowe L., McIntire D.D., Barron J., Cunningham F.G. Ultrasonographic evaluation of central and end-organ hemodynamics in antepartum pyelonephritis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 170:1994;814-818.
48. Lucas M.J., Cunningham F.G. Urinary infection in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 36:1993;855-868.
49. Cunningham F.G., Lucas M.J., Hankins G.D. Pulmonary injury complicating antepartum pyelonephritis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 156:1987;797-802.
50. Alexander J.M., McIntire D.M., Leveno K.J. Chorioamnionitis and the prognosis for term infants. Obstet Gynecol. 94:1999;274-278.
51. Eschenbach D.A. Amniotic fluid infection and cerebral palsy. Focus on the fetus. JAMA. 278:1997;247-248.
52. Gibbs R.S., Duff P. Progress in pathogenesis and management of clinical intraamniotic infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 164:1991;1317-1326.
53. Casey B.M., Cox S.M. Chorioamnionitis and endometritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 11:1997;203-222.
54. Duff P., Sanders R., Gibbs R.S. The course of labor in term patients with chorioamnionitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 147:1983;391-395.
55. Yoder P.R., Gibbs R.S., Blanco J.D., Castaneda Y.S., St Clair P.J. A prospective, controlled study of maternal and perinatal outcome after intra-amniotic infection at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 145:1983;695-701.
56. Newton E.R. Chorioamnionitis and intraamniotic infection. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 36:1993;795-808.
57. Murphy D.J., Sellers S., MacKenzie I.Z., Yudin P.L., Johnson A.M. Case-control study of antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for cerebral palsy in very preterm singleton babies. Lancet. 346:(8988):1995;1449-1454.
58. Grether J.K., Nelson K.B. Maternal infection and cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight. JAMA. 278:1997;207-211.
59. Beilin Y., Bodian C.A., Haddad E.M., Leibowitz A.B. Practice patterns of anesthesiologists regarding situations in obstetric anesthesia where clinical management is controversial. Anesth Analg. 83:1996;735-741.
60. Goodman E.J., DeHorta E., Taguiam J.M. Safety of spinal and epidural anesthesia in parturients with chorioamnionitis. Reg Anesth. 21:1996;436-441.
61. Bader A.M., Gilbertson L., Kirz L., Datta S. Regional anesthesia in women with chorioamnionitis. Reg Anesth. 17:1992;84-86.
62. Goodrum L.A. Pneumonia in pregnancy. Sem Perinatol. 21:1997;276-283.
63. Ackerman W.E. III, Molnar J.M., Juneja M.M. Beneficial effect of epidural anesthesia on oxygen consumption in a parturient with respiratory distress syndrome. South Med J. 86:1993;361-364.
64. Mabie W.C., Barton J.R., Sibai B. Septic shock in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 90:1997;553-561.
65. Segal S., Carp H., Chestnut D.H. Fever and infection. Chestnut D.H. Obstetric Anesthesia Principles and Practice. 1999;711-724 Mosby, St. Louis.
66. Hlavin M.L., Kaminski H.J., Ross J.S., Ganz E. Spinal epidural abscess a ten-year perspective . Neurosurgery. 27:1990;177-184.
67. Kindler C., Seeberger M., Siegemund M., Schneider M. Extradural abscess complicating lumbar extradural anaesthesia and analgesia in an obstetric patient. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 40:1996;858-861.
68. Kee W.D., Jones M.R., Thomas P., Worth R.J. Extradural abscess complicating extradural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 69:1992;647-652.
69. Blackmore T.K., Morley H.R., Gordon D.L. Streptococcus mitis-induced bacteremia and meningitis after spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 78:1993;592-594.
70. Mamourian A.C., Dickman C.A., Drayer B.P., Sonntag V.K. Spinal epidural abscess three cases following spinal epidural injection demonstrated with magnetic resonance imaging . Anesthesiology. 78:1993;204-207.
71. Cascio M., Heath G. Meningitis following a combined spinal-epidural technique in a labouring term parturient. Can J Anaesth. 43:1996;399-402.
72. Harding S.A., Collins R.E., Morgan B.M. Meningitis after combined spinal-extradural anaesthesia in obstetrics. Br J Anaesth. 73:1994;545-547.
73. Baker A.S., Ojemann R.G., Swartz M.N., Richardson E.P. Jr. Spinal-epidural abscess. N Engl J Med. 293:1975;463-468.
74. Hawkins J.L., Koonin L.M., Palmer S.K., Gibbs C.P. Anesthesia-related deaths during obstetric delivery in the United States, 1979-1990. Anesthesiology. 86:1997;277-284.
75. Chestnut D.H. Spinal anesthesia in the febrile patient. Anesthesiology. 76:1992;667-669.
76. Tsen L., Thue B., Datta S., Segal S. Is combined spinal-epidural analgesia associated with more rapid cervical dilation in nulliparous patients when compared with conventional epidural analgesia? Anesthesiology. 91:1999;920-925.
77. Byrne F., Oduro-Dominah A., Kipling R. The effect of pregnancy on pulmonary nitrogen washout. A short study of pre-oxygenation. Anaesthesia. 42:1987;148-150.
78. Datta S., Ostheimer G.W., Weiss J.B., Brown W.U. Jr., Alper M.H. Neonatal effect of prolonged anesthetic induction for cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol. 58:1981;331-335.
79. Malinow A.M. General anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Norris M.C. Obstetric Anesthesia. 1999;375-393 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
80. Kohlschutter B., Baur H., Roth F. Suxamethonium-induced hyperkalaemia in patients with severe intra-abdominal infections. Br J Anaesth. 48:1976;557-562.
81. Way W.L., Trevor A.J. Ketamine. Miller R.D. Anesthesia. 1986;813-814 Churchill Livingstone, New York.
82. Reisner L.S., Lin D. Anesthesia for cesarean section. Chestnut D.H. Obstetric Anesthesia Principles and Practice. 1999;465-492 Mosby, St. Louis.
83. Viscomi C.M., Manullang T. Maternal fever, neonatal sepsis evaluation, and epidural labor analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 25:2000;549-553.
84. Dashe J.S., Rogers B.B., McIntire D.D., Leveno K.J. Epidural analgesia and intrapartum fever placental findings . Obstet Gynecol. 93:1999;341-344.
85. Kaul B., Vallejo M., Ramanathan S., Mandell G. Epidural labor analgesia and neonatal sepsis evaluation rate a quality improvement study . Anesth Analg. 93:2001;986-990.
86. Petrova A., Demissie K., Rhoads G.G., Smulian J.C., Marcella S., Ananth C.V. Association of maternal fever during labor with neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. Obstet Gynecol. 98:2001;20-27.
87. Polley L.S. What's new in obstetric anesthesia, 1999? Int J Obstet Anesthesiol. 10:2001;46-54.
88. Hynson J.M., Sessler D.I., Glosten B., McGuire J. Thermal balance and tremor patterns during epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 74:1991;680-690.
89. Fusi L., Steer P.J., Maresh M.J., Beard R.W. Maternal pyrexia associated with the use of epidural analgesia in labor. Lancet. 1:(8649):1989;1250-1252.
90. Camann W.R., Hortvet L.A., Hughes N., Bader A.M., Datta S. Maternal temperature regulation during extradural analgesia for labour. Br J Anaesth. 67:1991;565-568.
91. Lieberman E., Lang J.M., Frigoletto F. Jr, Richardson D.K., Ringer S.A., Cohen A. Epidural analgesia, intrapartum fever, and neonatal sepsis evaluation. Pediatrics. 99:1997;415-419.
92. Mayer D.C., Cherscheir N.C., Spielman F.J. Increased intrapartum antibiotic administration associated with epidural analgesia in labor. Am J Perinatol. 14:1997;83-86.
93. Herbst A., Wolner-Hanssen P., Ingemarsson I. Maternal fever in term labour in relation to fetal tachycardia, cord artery acidaemia and neonatal infection. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 104:1997;363-366.
94. Glosten B., Savage M., Rooke G.A., Brengelmann G.L. Epidural anesthesia and the thermoregulatory responses to hyperthermia - preliminary observations in volunteer subjects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 42:1998;442-446.
95. Panzer O., Ghazanfari N., Sessler D.I., et al. Shivering and shivering-like tremor during labor with and without epidural analgesia. Anesthesiology. 90:1999;1609-1616.
96. Kim J.S., Ikeda T., Sessler D.I., Turakhia M., Jeffrey R. Epidural anesthesia reduces the gain and maximum intensity of shivering. Anesthesiology. 88:1998;851-857.
97. Buggy D., Gardiner J. The space blanket and shivering during extradural analgesia in labour. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 39:1995;551-553.
98. Ponte J., Collett B.J., Walmsley A. Anaesthetic temperature and shivering in epidural anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 30:1986;584-587.
99. Macaulay J.H., Bond K., Steer P.J. Epidural analgesia in labor and fetal hyperthermia. Obstet Gynecol. 80:1992;665-669.
100. Philip J., Alexander J.M., Sharma S.K., Leveno K.J., McIntire D.D., Wiley J. Epidural analgesia during labor and maternal fever. Anesthesiology. 90:1999;1271-1275.