Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakhstan: Sources of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposures in an agricultural region of southern Kazakhstan

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 107, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 447-457

  Kim, Hooper ^a   Chuvakova, Tamara ^b   Kazbekova, Gulnara ^b   Hayward, Douglas ^c   Tulenova, Asel ^d   Petreas, Myrto X ^a   Wade, Timothy J ^a   Benedict, Kathleen ^a   Cheng, Ying Yin ^a   Grassman, Jean ^e  

^a CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^b Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan   (Kazakhstan)

^c CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH   (United States)

^d U Nations High Commissioner R   (Kazakhstan)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast milk; Coplanar PCBs; Dioxins; Exposure assessment; Furans; Kazakhstan; TCDD

Indexed keywords

2,3,7,8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO PARA DIOXIN; RUNOFF;

AGRICULTURE; ARTICLE; BODY BURDEN; BREAST MILK; COTTON; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FOOD; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; KAZAKHSTAN; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIMIGRAVIDA; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALIA; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM;

EID: 0345593818     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.99107447     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Hooper K, Petreas MX, She J, Visita P, Winkler J, McKinney M, Mok M, Sy F, Garcha J, Gill M, Stephens RD, Semenova G, Sharmanov T, Chuvakova T. Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakhstan. PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in southern Kazakhstan. Environ Health Perspect 105:1250-1254 (1997).
2. Hooper K, Petreas MX, Chuvakova T, Kazbekova G, Druz N, Seminova G, Sharmanov T, Hayward D, She J, Visita P, et al. Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakstan: high levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in agricultural villages of southern Kazakstan. Environ Health Perspect 106:797-806 (1998).
3. She J, Petreas MX, Visita P, McKinney M, Sy F, Winkler JJ, Hooper K, Stephens RD. Congener-specific analysis of PCBs in human milk from Kazakhstan. Chemosphere 37:431-442 (1998).
4. Jensen AA, Slorach SA. Chemical contaminants in human milk. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press, 1990.
5. Fürst P, Fürst C, Wilmers K. Human milk as a bioindicator for body burden of PCDDs, PCDFs, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs. Environ Health Perspect 102(suppl 1):187-193 (1994).
6. Schade 3, Heinzow B. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk of mothers living in northern Germany: current extent of contamination, time trend from 1986 to 1997, and factors that influence the levels of contamination. Sci Total Environ 215:31-39 (1998).
7. Lunden A, Noren K. Polychlorinated naphthalenes and other organochlorine contaminants in Swedish human milk. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 34:414-423 (1998).
8. Beck H, Dross A, Mathar W. PCDD and PCDF exposure and levels in humans in Germany. Environ Health Perspect 102(suppl 1):173-185 (1994).
9. Beck H, Dross A, Mathar W. Dependence of PCDD and PCDF levels in human milk on various parameters in Germany II. Chemosphere 25:1015-1020 (1992).
10. Papke O, Herrmann T, Ball M. PCDD/PCDFs in humans: follow-up of background data for German, 1996. Organohalogen Compounds 33:530-534 (1997).
11. Pluim HJ, Kramer I, Van der Slikke JW, Koppe JG, Olie K. Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in human milk: dependence on several parameters and dietary habits. Chemosphere 26:1889-1895 (1983).
12. Furst P, Furst C, Wilmers K. PCDD and PCDF levels in human milk - statistical evaluation of a 6-year survey. Chemosphere 25:1029-1038 (1989).
13. Furst P, Kruger C, Meemken HA, Groebel W. PCDD and PCDF levels in human milk - dependence on the period of lactation. Chemosphere 18:439-444 (1989).
14. IARC. Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol 69: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-dioxins and Dibenzofurans. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1997;33-343.
15. Dewailly E, Ryan JJ, Laliberte C, Bruneau S, Weber J-P, Gingras S, Carrier G. Exposure of remote maritime populations to coplanar PCBs. Environ Health Perspect 102(suppl 1):205-209 (1994).
16. Lindström G, Hooper K, Petreas M, Stephens R, Gilman A. Workshop on perinatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds. I. Summary. Environ Health Perspect 103(suppl 2):135-142 (1995).
17. Hooper K, Clark GC. Workshop on perinatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds. VI. Role of biomarkers. Environ Health Perspect 103(suppl 2):161-167 (1995).
18. Kavlock RJ, Daston GP, DeRosa C, Fenner-Crisp P, Gray LE, Kaattari S, Lucier GW, Luster M, Mac MJ, Maczka C, et al. Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disrupters: a report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop. Environ Health Perspect 104(suppl 4):715-740 (1996).
19. Toppari J, Larsen JC, Christiansen P, Giwercman A, Grandjean P, Guillette LJ Jr, Jégou B, Jensen TK, Jouannet P, Keiding N, et al. Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens. Environ Health Perspect 104(suppl 4):741-803 (1996).
20. Longnecker MP, Rogan WJ, Lucier G. The human health effects of DOT (dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and an overview of organochlorines in public health. Annu Rev Public Health 18:211-244 (1997).
21. Gladen Bd, Rogan WJ. DDE and shortened duration of lactation in a northern Mexican town. Am J Public Health 85:504-508 (1995).
22. Jacobsen JL, Jacobson SW. Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero. N Engl J Med 335:783-789 (1996).
23. Chen YC, Yu ML, Rogan WJ, Gladen BC, Hsu CC. A 6-year follow-up of behavior and activity disorders in the Taiwan Yu-Cheng children. Am J Public Health 84:415-421 (1994).
24. Koopman-Esseboom C, Weisglas-Kuperus, de Ridder MAJ, Van der Paauw CG, Tuinstra LGMT, Sauaer PJJ. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl/dioxin exposure and feeding type on infants' mental and psychomotor development. Pediatrics 97:700-706 (1996).
25. Brouwer A, Ahlborg UG, Van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Boersma ER, Bosveld B, Denison MS, Gray LE, Hagmar L, Holene E, et al. Functional aspects of developmental toxicity of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in experimental animals and human infants. Eur J Pharmacol Environ Toxicol Pharmacol Sect 293:1-40 (1995).
26. Päpke O. PCDD/PCDF: Human background data for Germany, a 10-year experience. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):723-731 (1998).
27. Schecter A. A selective historical review of congener-specific human tissue measurements as sensitive and specific biomarkers of exposure to dioxins and related compounds. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):737-742 (1998).
28. Dioxins and Furans: Epidemiologic Assessment of Cancer Risks and Other Human Health Effects. Environ Health Perspect 106:(suppl 2):621-775 (1998).
29. Grassman JA, Masten SA, Walker NJ, Lucier GW. Animal models of human response to dioxins. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):761-775 (1998).
30. U.S. Institute of Medicine. Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996. Washington:National Academy Press, 1996.
31. Bertazzi PA, Bernucci I, Brambilla G, Consonni D, Pesatori AC. The Seveso studies on early and long-term effects of dioxin exposure: a review. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):625-633 (1998).
32. Bertazzi PA, Zocchetti C, Guercilena S, Consonni D, Tironi A, Landi MT, Pesatori AC. Dioxin exposure and cancer risk: a 15-year mortality study after the "Seveso accident". Epidemiology 8:646-652 (1997).
33. Fingerhut MA, Halperin WE, Marlow DA, Piacitelli LA, Honchar PA, Sweeney MH, Greife AI, Dill PA, Steenland K, Suruda AJ. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. N Engl J Med 199:212-218 (1991).
34. Flesch-Janys D, Berger J, Gurn P, Manz A, Nagel S, Waltsgott H, Dwyer JH. Exposure to polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and mortality in a cohort of workers from a herbicide-producing plant in Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany. Am J Epidemiol 142:1165-1176 (1995).
35. Flesch-Janys D, Steindorf K, Gurn P, Becher H. Estimation of the cumulated exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and standardized mortality ratio analysis of cancer mortality by dose in an occupationally exposed cohort. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):655-662 (1998).
36. Ott MG, Zober A. Cause specific mortality and cancer incidence among employees exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD after a 1953 reactor accident. Occup Environ Med 53:606-612 (1996).
37. Manz A, Berger J, Dwyer JH, Flesch-Janys D, Nagel S, Waltsgott H. Cancer mortality among workers in chemical plant contaminated with dioxin. Lancet 338:959-964 (1991).
38. Becher H, Flesch-Janys D, Kauppinen T, Kogevinas M, Steindorf K, Manz A, Wahrendorf J. Cancer mortality in German male workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides and dioxins. Cancer Causes Control 7:312-321 (1996).
39. Kogevinas M, Becher H, Benn T, Bertazzi PA, Boffetta P, Bueno de Mesquita HB, Coggon D, Colin D, Flesch-Janys D, Fingerhut M, et al. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols and dioxins: an expanded and updated international cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 145:1061-1075 (1997).
40. Hooiveld M, Heederik DJ, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P, Needham LL, Patterson DG, Bueno de Mesquita HB. Second follow-up of a Dutch cohort occupationally exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and contaminants. Am J Epidemiol 147:891-901 (1993).
41. Mocarelli P, Brambillia PM, Gerthoux PM, Patterson DG, Needham LL Change in sex ratio with exposure to dioxin. Lancet 348:409 (1996).
42. Birnbaum LS. The mechanism of dioxin toxicity: relationship to risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 102(suppl 9):157-167 (1994).
43. U.S. Institute of Medicine. Characterizing Exposure of Veterans to Agent Orange and Other Herbicides Used in Vietnam: Scientific Considerations Regarding a Request for Proposals for Research. Washington, DC:National Academy Press, 1997.
44. Ryan JJ, Schecter A, Amirova Z. Russian phenoxy herbicide production workers: exposure to and elimination of dioxins. Organohalogen Compounds 33:390-393 (1997).
45. Ott MG, Messerer P, Zober A. Assessment of past occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin using blood lipid analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 65:1-8 (1993).
46. Bueno de Mesquita HB, Doornbos G, van der Kuip DAM, Kogevinas M, Winkelmann R. Occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols and cancer mortality in the Netherlands. Am J Ind Med 23:289-300 (1993).
47. Landi MT, Consonni D, Patterson DG Jr, Needham LL, Lucier S, Brambilla P, Cazzaniga MA, Mocarelli P, Pesatori AC, Bertazzi PA, et al. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin plasma levels in Seveso 20 years after the accident Environ Health Perspect 106:273-277 (1998).
48. Needham LL. Gerthoux PM, Patterson DG, Brambilia P, Turner WE, Beretta C, Pirkle JL, Colombo L, Sampson EJ, Tramacere PL, et al. Serum dioxin levels in Seveso, Italy, population in 1976. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 17:225-240 (1997/1998).
49. Schecter A, Dai LC, Thuy LTB, Quynh HT, Minh DQ, Cau HD, Phiet PH, Phuong NTN, Constable JD, Baughman R, et al. Agent Orange and the Vietnamese: the persistence of elevated dioxin levels in human tissues. Am J Public Health 85:516-522 (1935).
50. Schecter A, Fürst P, Fürst C, Päpke 0, Ball M, Ryan JJ, Cau HO, Dai LC, Quynh HT, Cuong HQ, et al. Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissue from general populations: a selective review. Environ Health Perspect 102(suppl 1):159-171 (1994).
51. WHO. Levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in Breast Milk: Results of WHO-Coordinated Interlaboratory Quality Control Studies and Analytical Field Studies (Yrjanheikki EJ, ed). Environmental Health Series Rpt 34. Copenhagen:World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 1989.
52. Patterson DG, Isaacs SG, Alexander LR, Turner WE, Hampton L, Bemert JT, Needham LL Determination of specific polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in blood and adipose tissue by isotope dilution-high-resolution mass spectrometry. In: Environmental Carcinogens Methods of Analysis and Exposure Assessment, Vol 11. Polychlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (Rappe C, Buser HR, Dodet B,O'Neill IK, eds). IARC Scientific Publications No 108. Lyon:International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1991;299-342.
53. Turner WE, Isaacs SG, Patterson DG, Needham LL. Enrichment of biological samples by the semi-automated Smith, Stalling and Johnson method: human serum and adipose tissue. In: Environmental Carcinogens Methods of Analysis and Exposure Assessment Vol 11. Polychlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (Rappe C, Buser HR, Dodet B,O'Neill IK, eds). IARC Scientific Publications No 108. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1991;343-356.
54. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Fat-containing foods. In: Official Methods of Analysis, Vol 2 (Helrich K, ed). Richmond VA:William Byrd Press, 1993;278.
55. Hayward DG, Charles MJ, Voss de Bettancourt C, Stephens RE, Stephens RD, Papenak PJ, Lance LL, Ward C. PCDD and PCDF in breast milk as correlated with fish consumption in southern California. Chemosphere 18:1-6;455-468 (1989).
56. Hayward DG. Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran background in milk and cheese by quadrupole ion storage collision induced dissociation MS/MS. Chemosphere 34:929-939 (1997).
57. Hayward DG, Hooper K, Andrzejewski D. Tandem-in-time mass spectrometry method for the determination of 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans in high fat foods. Anal Chem 71:212-220 (1999).
58. Plomley JB, March RE, Mercer RS. Tandem mass spectrometry of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorodibenzofuran in a quadrupole ion trap. 1. Comparison of single-frequency, secular frequency modulation and multifrequency resonant excitation modes. Anal Chem 68:2345-2352 (1996).
59. Ahlborg UG, Becking GC, Birnbaum LS, Brower A, Derks HJGM, Feeley M, Color G, Handberg A, Larsen JC, Liem AKD. Toxic equivalency factors for dioxinlike PCBs. Report on a WHOECEH and IPCS consultation, December 1993. Chemosphere 28:1049-1067 (1994).
60. Birnbaum LS, DeVito MJ. Use of toxic equivalency factors for risk assessment for dioxins and related compounds. Toxicology 105:391-401 (1995).
61. Michalek JE, Pirkle JL, Caudill SP, Tripathi RC, Patterson DG, Needham LL Pharmacokinetics of TCDD in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand: 10-year follow-up. J Toxicol Environ Health 47:209-220 (1996).
62. Phillips DL, Smith AB, Burse VW, Steele GK, Needham LL, Hannon WH. Half-life of polychlorinated biphenyls in occupationally exposed workers. Arch Environ Health 44:351-354 (1989).
63. Koppe JG, Olie K, van Wijnen J. Placental transport of dioxins from mother to fetus. Dev Pharmacol Ther 18:9-13 (1992).
64. Abraham K, Knoll A, Ende M, Papke O, Helge H. Intake, fecal excretion, and body burden of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Pediatr Res 40:671-679 (1996).