Great Holocene floods along Jökulsá á Fjöllum, north Iceland

International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publications

Volumn , Issue 32, 2002, Pages 37-51

  Waitt, R B ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEGLACIATION; FLOOD; HOLOCENE; JOKULHLAUP; MELTWATER;

ARCTIC; ICELAND; JOKULSA A FJOLLUM;

EID: 0345458202     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444304299.ch3     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. ALLEN, J.R.L. (1961) Sandstone-plugged pipes in the lower Old Red Sandstone of Shropshire, England. J. sediment. Petrol. 31, 325-335.
2. ALLEN, J.R.L. (1971) Bed forms due to mass transfer in turbulent flows-a kaleidoscope of phenomena. J. Fluid Mech. 49, 49-63.
3. ALLEN, J.R.L. (1982) Sedimentary Structures, their Character and Physical Basis, Vol. II, pp. 40-48, 137-141, 253-291. Elsevier, New York.
4. ASHLEY, G.M., SOUTHARD, J.B. & BOOTHROYD, J.C. (1982) Deposition of climbing-ripple beds-a simulation. Sedimentology 29, 67-79.
5. ATWATER, B.F. (1986) Pleistocene glacial-lake deposits of the Sanpoil River valley, northeastern Washington. U.S. geol. Surv. Bull. 1661, 39 pp.
6. ATWATER, B.F., SMITH, G.A. & WAITT, R.B. (2000) Comment on 'The Channeled Scabland: Back to Bretz?', Geology 28, 574-575 (and GSA Data Repository item 200062).
7. BAKER, V. R. (1973a) Paleohydrology and sedimentology of Lake Missoula flooding in eastern Washington. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 144, 1-79.
8. BAKER, V.R. (1973b) Erosional forms and processes for the catastrophic Pleistocene Missoula floods in eastern Washington. In: Fluvial Geomorphology (Ed. Morisawa, M.), pp. 123-148. SUNY Publications in Geomorphology, Binghamton, New York.
9. BAKER, V.R. & PICKUP, G. (1987) Flood geomorphology of the Katherine gorge, northern Territory, Australia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 98, 635-646.
10. BJÖRCK, S., KROMER, B., JÓHNSEN, S., et al. (1996) Synchronized terrestrial atmospheric deglacial records around the North Atlantic. Science 274, 1155-1160.
11. BJÖRNSSON, H. (1988) Hydrology of Ice Caps in Volcanic Regions. Vísingdafélag Íslendinga, Reykjavík, pp. 45 + map plates.
12. BRETZ, J H. (1925) The Spokane flood beyond the Channeled Scablands. J. Geol. 33 (97-115), 236-259.
13. BRETZ, J H. (1928) The Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington. Geogr. Rev. 18, 446-477.
14. BRETZ, J H. (1932) The Grand Coulee, Special Publication 15, American Geographical Society, New York.
15. BRETZ, J H. (1959) Washington's Channeled Scabland. Washington Div. Mines Geol. Bull. 45, 1-57.
16. BRETZ, J H. (1969) The Lake Missoula floods and the Channeled Scabland. J. Geol. 77, 505-543.
17. BRETZ, J H., SMITH, H.T.U. & NEFF, G.E. (1956) Channeled Scabland of Washington-new data and interpretations, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 67, 957-1049.
18. DAHL, R. (1965) Plastically sculptured detail forms on rock surfaces in northern Nordland, Norway. Geogr. Ann. 47, 83-140.
19. DUGMORE, A.J., COOK, G.T., SHORE, J.S., NEWTON, A.J., EDWARDS, K.J. & LARSEN, G. (1995) Radiocarbon dating tephra layers in Britain and Iceland. Radiocarbon 37, 379-388.
20. EINARSSON, T. (1968) Jardfrœdi-Saga Bergs og Lands. Mal og Meaning, Reykjavik.
21. ELÍASSON, S. (1974) Eldsumbrot i Jökulsárgljúfrum. Náttúrufrœdingurinn 44, 52-70.
22. ELÍASSON, S. (1977) Molar um Jökulsarhlaup og Ásbyrgi. Náttúrufrœdingurinn 47, 160-179.
23. FLINT, R.F. (1971) Glacial and Quaternary Geology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
24. FOLK, R.L. (1980) Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Hemphill Publishing, Austin, TX.
25. GLASSER, N.F. & NICHOLSON, F.H. (1998) Subglacial melt-water erosion at Loch Treig. Scott. J. Geol. 34, 7-13.
26. GRAY, J.M. (1981) P-forms from the Isle of Mull. Scott. J. Geol. 17, 39-47.
27. GRAY, J.M. (1984) A p-form site on the Isle of Islay, Scottish Inner Hebrides. Quat. Newsl. 42, 17-20.
28. GUDMUNDSSON, M.T., SIGMUNDSSON, F. & BJÖRNSSON, H. (1997) Ice-volcano interaction of the 1996 Gjálp subglacial eruption, Vatnajökull, Iceland. Nature 389, 954-957.
29. HARPEL, C.J., WAITT, R.B. & O'CONNOR, J.E. (2000) Paleodischarges of the Late Pleistocene Missoula Floods, Eastern Washington, U.S.A. Extremes of the Extremes Symposium Abstracts, p. 21. Report OS-2000-036, Orkustofnun, Reykjavík.
30. HELGASON, J. (1987) Jarǒfræoirannsóknir á Vatnasvidi Jökulsár á Fjöllum vid Mödrudal. Report OS-87005/VOD-01, Orkustofnun Reykjavík.
31. HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING CENTER (1991) HEC-2 Water Surface Profiles. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Davis, CA.
32. ÍSAKSSON, S.P. (1985) Stórhlaup i Jökulsá á Fjöllum á fyrri hluta 18. Aldar. Náttúrufræoingurinn 54, 165-191.
33. JOPLING, A.V. & WALKER, R.G. (1968) Morphology and origin of ripple-drift cross-laminations, with examples from the Pleistocene of Massachusetts. J. sediment. Petrol. 38, 971-984.
34. LARSEN, G. (1982) Gjóskutímatal Jökuldals og nágrennis. In: Eldur er i Nordri, pp. 51-65. Sögufélag, Reykjavik.
35. LARSEN, G. (1984) Recent volcanic history of the Veidivötn fissure swarm, southern Iceland-an approach to volcanic risk assessment, J. Volcanol. geotherm. Res. 22, 33-58.
36. LARSEN, G. & THÓRARINSSON, S. (1977) H4 and other acid Hekla tephra layers. Jökull 27, 28-46.
37. LARSEN, G., GUDMUNDSSON, M.T. & BJÖRNSSON, H. (1998) Eight centuries of periodic volcanism at the center of the Iceland hotspot revealed by glacier tephrostratigraphy. Geology 26, 943-946.
38. MAXON, J.H. & CAMPBELL, I. (1935) Stream fluting and stream erosion. J. Geol. 43, 729-744.
39. NORDAHL, H. (1990) Late Weichselian and early Holocene deglaciation history of Iceland. Jökull 40, 27-50.
40. O'CONNOR, J.E. (1993) Hydrology, hydraulics, and geomorphology of the Bonneville flood. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 274.
41. O'CONNOR, J.E. & BAKER, V.R. (1992) Magnitudes and implications of peak discharges from glacial Lake Missoula. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 104, 267-279.
42. O'CONNOR, J.E. & WAITT, R.B. (1995) Beyond the Channeled Scabland-a field trip to Missoula flood features in the Columbia, Yakima, and Walla Walla valleys of Washington and Oregon. Oregon Geol. 57, 51-60, 75-86, 99-115.
43. O'CONNOR, J.E. & WEBB, R.H. (1988) Hydraulic modeling for paleoflood analysis. In: Flood Geomorphology (Eds Baker, V.R., Kockel, R.C. & Patton, P.C.), pp. 393-402. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
44. O'CONNOR, J.E., WEBB, R.H. & BAKER, V.R. (1986) Paleohydrology of pool-and-riffle pattern development-Boulder Creek, Utah. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 97, 410-420.
45. SAEMUNDSSON, K. (1973) Straumrákadar klappir í kringum Ásbyrgi. Náttúrufrædingurinn 43, 52-60.
46. SAEMUNDSSON, K. (1977) Ísland Jardfræoikort, sheet 7 (Nordausturland). Scale 1 : 250 000, Museum of Natural History and Iceland Geodetic Survey, Reykjavík.
47. SIGBJARNARSON, G. (1990) Hlaup og hlaupfarvegir. In: Vatnid of Landid (Ed. Sigbjarnarson, G.), pp. 129-143. Orkustofnun, Reykjavík.
48. SIGBJARNARSON, G. (1993) Noroan Vatnajökuls, II. Jarolagaskipan og jarofræoikort. Náttúrufræoingurinn 63, 201-217.
49. SIGBJARNARSON, G. (1996) Noroan Vatnajökuls III. Eldstöovar og hraun frá nútíma. Náttúrufræoingurinn 65, 199-212.
50. 14C-age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35, 215-230.
51. STUIVER, M., REIMER, P.J. & BRAZIUNAS, T.F. (1999) High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples. Radiocarbon 40, 1127-1151.
52. THÖRARINSSON, S. (1950) Jökulhlaup og eldos á jökulvatnasæoi Jökulsár á Fjöllum. Náttúrufræoingurinn 20, 113-133.
53. THÓRARINSSON, S. (1960) Der Jökulsá-Canyon und Ásbyrgi. Petermanns geogr. Mitt. 104, 154-162.
54. THÓRARINSSON, S. (1971) Aldur ljósu gjóskulaganna úr Heklu samkvæmt leioréttu geislakolstimatali. Náttúrufræoingurinn 41, 99-105.
55. TINKLER, K.L. (1993) Fluvially sculpted rock bedforms in Twenty Mile Creek, Niagara Peninsula, Ontario. Can. J. Earth Sci 30, 945-953.
56. TÓMASSON, H. (1973) Hamfarahlaup í Jökulsá á Fjöllum. Náttúrufræoingurinn 43, 12-34.
57. VILMUNDARDÓTTIR, E.G. & KALDAL, I. (1982) Holocene sedimentary sequence at Trávioarlækur basin, Pjórsárdalur, southern Iceland, Jökull 32, 49-59.
58. WAITT, R.B. (1980) About forty last-glacial Lake Missoula jökulhlaups through southern Washington, J. Geol. 88, 653-679.
59. WAITT, R.B. (1984) Periodic jökulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula-new evidence from varved sediment in northern Idaho and Washington. Quat. Res. 22, 46-58.
60. WAITT, R.B. (1985) Case for periodic, colossal jökulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 96, 1271-1286.
61. WAITT, R.B. (with contributions from O'CONNOR, J.E. & BENITO, G.) (1994) Scores of gigantic, successively smaller Lake Missoula floods through Channeled Scabland and Columbia valley. In: Geologic Field Trips in the Pacific Northwest (Eds Swanson, D.A. & Haugerud, R.A.), Chapter 1K. Department Geological Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle.
62. WHIPPLE, K.X., HANCOCK, G.S. & ANDERSON, R.S. (2000) River incision into bedrock-mechanics and relative efficacy of plucking, abrasion, and cavitation. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 112, 490-503.
63. WOHL, E.E. (1992) Bedrock benches and boulder bars-floods in the Burdekin gorge of Australia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 104, 770-778.
64. WOHL, E.E. & IKEDA, H. (1998) Patterns of bedrock channel erosion on the Boso Peninsula, Japan. J. Geol. 106, 331-345.