Receptor-mediated targeted drug or toxin delivery

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 273-289

  Říhová, Blanka ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Endocytosis; Endosomal compartment; HPMA; Ligand; Lysosomes; Monoclonal antibodies; Polymeric carrier; Receptors; Side toxicity; Surface antigens; Targeted chemotherapy

Indexed keywords

ANTIGENS; CELLS; DRUG THERAPY; ENZYMES; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; ONCOLOGY; POLYACRYLATES; TOXICITY;

ENDOCYTOSIS; LIGANDS; LYSOSOMES;

CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY;

ANTIBODY CONJUGATE; CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR; EPITOPE; IMMUNOTOXIN; MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; PRODRUG; RECEPTOR;

ANTIGEN BINDING; ANTIGENIC MODULATION; CELL SURFACE; CELL TYPE; DRUG BINDING; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG CONJUGATION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG RELEASE; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG UPTAKE; ENDOCYTOSIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; INTERNALIZATION; LIGAND BINDING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR DENSITY; REVIEW; TARGET CELL;

EID: 0345404305     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-409X(97)00084-7     Document Type: Review

References (145)

1. B.M.F. Pearse, Clathrin: A unique protein associated with intracellular transfer of membrane by coated vesicles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73 (1976) 1255-1259.
2. J. Heuser, L. Evans, Three-dimensional visualization of coated vesicle formation in fibroblasts, J. Cell. Biol. 84 (1980) 560-583.
3. B. Goud, C. Huet, D. Louvard, Assembled and unassembled pools of clathrin: a quantitative study using an enzyme immunoassay, J. Cell. Biol. 100 (1985) 521-527.
4. C.R. Hopkins, I.S. Trowbridge, Internalization and processing of transferrin and the transferrin receptor in human carcinoma A431 cells, J. Cell. Biol. 97 (1983) 508-521.
5. A. Helenius, M. Marsh, J. White, Virus entry into animal cells, Trends Biochem. Sci. 5 (1980) 104-106.
6. M.C. Willingham, I. Pastan, The receptosome: an intermediate organelle of receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured fibroblasts, Cell 21 (1980) 67-77.
7. I. Pastan, M.C. Willingham, D.J.P. FitzGerald, Immunotoxins, Cell 47 (1986) 641-648.
8. M.C. Willingham, I. Pastan, The transit of epidermal growth factor through coated pits of the Golgi system, J. Cell. Biol. 94 (1982) 207-212.
9. H.J. Geuze, J.W. Slot, G.J. Strous, H.F. Lodish, A.L. Schwartz, Intracellular site of asialoglycoprotein receptor-ligand uncoupling:double-label immunoelectron microcsopy during receptor-mediated endocytosis, Cell 32 (1983) 277-287.
10. R.G.W Anderson, J.R. Falck, J.L. Goldstein, M.S. Brown, Visualization of acidic organelles in intact cells by electron microscopy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 (1984) 4838-4842.
11. P. Stahl, A.L. Schwartz, Receptor-mediated endocytosis, J. Clin. Invest. 77 (1986) 657-662.
12. R.B. Dickson, J.A. Hanover, M.C. Willingham, I. Pastan, Prelysosomal divergence of transferrin and epidermal growth factor during receptor-mediated endocytosis, Biochemistry 22 (1983) 5667-5674.
13. T. Wileman, R. Boshans, P. Stahl, Uptake and transport of mannosylated ligands by alveolar macrophages. Studies on ATP-dependent receptor-ligand dissociation, J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 7387-7393.
14. M.S. Brown, R.G.W. Anderson, J.L. Goldstein, Recycling receptors: the round-trip itinerary of migrant membrane proteins, Cell 32 (1983) 663-667.
15. I.S. Mellman, H. Plutner, Internalization and degradation of macrophage Fc receptors bound to polyvalent immune complexes, J. Cell. Biol. 98 (1984) 1170-1177.
16. S. Olsnes, K. Sandvig, Entry of polypeptide toxins into mammalian cells, in: I. Pastan, M.C. Wellingham, (Eds.), Endocytosis, Plenum Press, New York, 1985, pp. 195-234.
17. L.M. Matovcik, I.G. Junga, S.L. Schrier, Drug-induced endocytosis of neonatal erythrocytes, Blood 65 (1985) 1056-1063.
18. F.L. Ginn, P. Hochstein, B.F. Trump, Membrane alterations in hemolysis: internalization of plasmalemma induced by primaquine, Science 164 (1969) 843-845.
19. S.L. Schrier, Drug-induced endocytosis and entrapment in red cells and ghosts, Methods. Enyzmol. 149 (1987) 260-270.
20. I. Ben-Bassat, K.G. Bensch, S.L. Schrier, Drug-induced erythrocyte membrane internalization, J. Clin. Invest. 51 (1972) 1833-1844.
21. J.L. Middlebrook, R.B. Dorland, Response of cultured cells to the exotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Corynebacterium diphtheria: differential toxicity, Can. J. Microbiol. 23 (1977) 183-189.
22. J. Kopeček, Controlled biodegradability of polymers - key to drug delivery systems, J. Biomaterials 5 (1984) 19-25.
23. B. Říhová, I. Říha, Immunological problems of polymer-bound drugs, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 1 (1985) 311-374.
24. J. Kopeček, The potential of water-soluble polymeric carriers in targeted and site-specific drug delivery, J. Control. Release 11 (1990) 279-290.
25. R. Duncan, Drug-polymer conjugates: potential for improved chemotherapy, Anti-Cancer Drugs 3 (1992) 175-210.
26. R. Duncan, L.W. Seymour, K.B. O'Harre, K. Ulbrich, Preclinical evaluation of polymer-bound doxorubicin, J. Control. Release 19 (1992) 331-346.
27. B. Říhová, Antibody-targeted polymer bound drugs, Folia Microbiol. 40 (1995) 367-384.
28. G.Y. Wu, C.H. Wu, Evidence for targeted gene delivery to Hep G2 hepatoma cells in vitro, Biochemistry 27 (1988) 887-892.
29. J.M. Wilson, M. Grossman, C.H. Wu, N.R. Chowdhury, G.Y. Wu, J.R. Chowdhury, Hepatocyte-directed gene transfer in vivo leads to transient improvement of hypercholesterolemia in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient rabbits, J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 963-967.
30. S. Gottschalk, R.J. Cristiano, L.C. Smith, S.L.C. Woo, Folate receptor mediated DNA delivery into tumor cells: potosomal disruption results in enhanced gene expression, Gene Ther. 1 (1994) 185-191.
31. J.C. Perales, T. Ferkol, H. Beegen, O.D. Ratnoff, R.W. Hanson, Gene transfer in vivo: sustained expression and regulation of genes introduced into the liver by receptor-targeted uptake, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 4086-4090.
32. E. Tomlinson, A.P. Rolland, Controllable gene therapy. Pharmaceutics of non-viral gene delivery systems, J. Control. Release 39 (1996) 357-372.
33. Y. Rojanasakul, L.Y. Wang, C.J. Malanga, J.K.H. Ma, J. Liaw, Targeted gene delivery to alveolar macropohages via Fc receptor-mediated endocytosis, Pharmaceutical Res. 11 (1994) 1731-1736.
34. 6 for photodynamic therapy, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 80 (1988) 330-336.
35. J.L. Goldstein, R.G.W. Anderson, M.S. Brown, Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptor-mediated endocytosis, Nature (Lond.) 279 (1979) 679-685.
36. R.M. Steinman, I.S. Melleman, W.A. Muller, Z.A. Cohn, Endocytosis and recycling of plasma membrane, J. Cell. Biol. 96 (1983) 1-13.
37. C. DeDuve, T. De Barsy, B. Poole, A. Trouet, P. Tulkens, F. Vainhoof, Lysosomotropic agents, Biochem. Pharmacol. 23 (1974) 2495-2531.
38. V.L. Shepherd, Intracellular pathways and mechanisms of sorting in receptor-mediated endocytosis, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 10 (1989) 458-462.
39. R. Duncan, Selective endocytosis, in: J.R. Robinson, V.H. Lee, (Eds.), Sustained and Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1987, pp. 581-621.
40. S. Olsnes, K. Sandvig, How protein toxins enter and kill cells, in: A.E. Frankel (Ed.), Immunotoxins, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988, pp. 39-73.
41. O.W. Press, J.P. Martin, P.E. Thorpe, E.S. Vitetta, Ricin A-chain containing immunotoxins directed against different epitopes on the CD2 molecule differ in their ability to kill normal and malignant T cells, J. Immunol. 141 (1988) 4410-4417.
42. Y. Kato, T. Seita, T. Kuwabara, Y. Sugiyama, Kinetic analysis of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) of proteins and peptides: use of RME as a drug delivery system, J. Control. Release 39 (1996) 191-200.
43. D.A. Wall, G. Wilson, A.L. Hubbard, The galactose-specific recognition system of mammalian liver: the route of ligand internalization in rat hepatocytes, Cell 21 (1980) 79-93.
44. G.Y. Wu, C.H. Wu, M.I. Rubin, Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and targeted rescue: a model for specific chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatology 5 (1985) 709-713.
45. A.A. Sinkula, Some perspectives on targeted delivery with prodrugs, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 507 (1987) 281-288.
46. G.A. Pietersz, A. Rowland, M. Smyth, I.A.C. McKenzie, Chemoimmunoconjugates for the treatment of cancer, Adv. Immunol. 56 (1994) 301-383.
47. G. Poste, R. Kirsch, T. Koestler, The challenge of liposome targeting in vivo, in: G. Gregoriadis (Ed.), Liposome Technology: Targeted Drug Delivery and Biological Interaction, vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1983, pp. 1-28.
48. G. Poste, R. Kirsch, Site-specific (targeted) drug delivery in cancer therapy, Biotechnology 1 (1983) 869-878.
49. F. Geissler, S.K. Anderson, P. Venkatesan, O. Press, Intracellular catabolism of radiolabeled anti-Ţ antibodies by malignant B-cells, Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 2907-2915.
50. 125I-daunomycin, J. Control. Release 10 (1989) 37-49.
51. J. Timar, D.P. McIntosh, R. Henry, A.J. Cumber, G.D. Parnell, A.J. Davies, The effect of ricin B chain on the intracellular trafficking of an A chain immunotoxin, Br. J. Cancer 64 (1991) 655-662.
52. W.M. Pardridge, Physiologic-based strategies for protein drug delivery to the brain, J. Control. Release 39 (1996) 281-286.
53. W.M. Pardridge, Peptide drug delivery to the brain, Raven Press, New York, NY, 1991.
54. O.W. Press, J.A. Hansen, A. Farr, P.J. Martin, Endocytosis and degradation of murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibodies by normal and malignant T-lymphocytes, Cancer Res. 48 (1988) 2249-2257.
55. N.L. Letvin, J. Ritz, L.J. Guida, J.M. Yetz, J.M. Lambert, E.L. Reiherz, S.F. Schlossman, In vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates. I.Effects of anti-T11 antibodies on the circulating T cell pool, Blood 66 (1985) 961-966.
56. Y.V. Van Oosterhout, I.E. van den Herik-Oudijk, H.M. Wessels, T. de Witte, J.G. van de Winkel, F.W. Preijers, Effect of isotype on internalization and cytotoxicity of CD19-ricin A immunotoxins, Cancer Res. 54 (1994) 3527-3532.
57. S.M. Andrew, R.W. Johnstone, S.M. Russell, I.F.C. McKenzie, G.A. Pietersz, Comparison of in vitro cell binding characteristics of four monoclonal antibodies and their individual tumor localization properties in mice, Cancer Res. 50 (1990) 4423-4428.
58. H. Sakahara, K. Endo, M. Koizumi, T. Nakashima, M. Kunimatsu, Y. Watanabe, Y. Kawamura, T. Nakamura, H. Tanaka, Y. Kotour, T. Yamamuro, S. Hosoi, S. Toyama, K. Torizuka, Relationship between in vitro binding activity and in vivo tumor accumulation of radiolabel monoclonal antibodies, J. Nucl. Med. 29 (1988) 235-240.
59. A. Engert, F. Burrows, W. Jung, P.L. Tazzari, H. Stein, M. Pfreundschuh, V. Diehl, P. Thorpe, Evaluation of ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins directed against the CD30 antigen as potential reagents for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, Cancer Res. 50 (1990) 84-88.
60. E.N. Kaufman, R.K. Jain, Effect of bivalent interaction upon apparent antibody affinity: experimental confirmation of theory using fluorescence photobleaching and implication for antibody binding assays, Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 4157-4167.
61. G.L. Ong, M.J. Mattes, Re-evaluation of the concept of functional affinity as applied to bivalent antibody binding to cell surface antigens, Mol. Immunol. 30 (1993) 1455-1462.
62. C.M. Haskell, F. Buchegger, M. Schreyer, S. Carrel, J.-P. Mach, Monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen:ionic strength as a factor in the selection of antibodies for immunoscintigraphy, Cancer Res. 43 (1983) 3857-3864.
63. O.C. Boerman, J.G. Tibben, L.F.A.G. Massuger, R.A.M.J. Claessens, F.H.M. Corstens, Tumor targeting of the anti-ovarian carcinoma x anti-CD3/TCR bispecific monoclonal antibody OC/TR and its parental MOv18 antibody in experimental ovarian cancer, Anticancer Res. 15 (1995) 2169-2174.
64. S. Matzku, H. Kirchgessner, W.G. Dippold, J. Bruggen, Immunoreactivity of monoclonal anti-melanoma antibodies in relation to the amount of radioactive iodine substituted to the antibody molecules, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 11 (1985) 260-264.
65. R.D. May, E.S. Vitetta, G. Moldenhauer, B. Dorken, Selective killing of normal and neoplastic human B cells with anti-CD19- and anti-CD22-ricin A chain immunotoxins, Cancer Drug Delivery 3 (1986) 261-272.
66. J.N. Weinstein, R. Eger, D. Covell, C.D. Black, J. Mulshine, J.A. Carrasquillo, S.M. Larson, A.M. Keenan, The pharmacology of monoclonal antibodies, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 507 (1987) 199-210.
67. Y. Sugiyama, H. Sato, S. Yanai, D.C. Kim, S. Miyauchi, Y. Sawada, T. Iga, M. Hanano, Receptor-mediated hepatic clearance of peptide hormones, in: D.D. Breimer, D.J.A. Crommelin, K.K. Midha (Eds.), Topics in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1989, Amsterdam Medical Press, Noordwijk, 1989, pp.429-443.
68. Y. Sugiyama, D.C. Kim, H. Sato, S. Yanai, H. Satoh, T. Iga, M. Hanano, Receptor-mediated disposition of polypeptides: kinetic analysis of the transport of epidermal growth factor using in vitro, isolated perfused organs, and in vivo system, J. Control. Release 13 (1990) 157-174.
69. O.W. Press, A.G. Farr, K.I. Borroz, S.K. Anderson, P.J. Martin, Endocytosis and degradation of monoclonal antibodies targeting human B-cell malignancies, Cancer Res. 49 (1989) 4906-4912.
70. B. Pernis, Internalization of lymphocyte membrane components, Immunol. Today 6 (1985) 45-49.
71. O.W. Press, J.F. Eary, C.C. Badger, P.J. Martin, F.R. Appelbaum, R. Levy, R. Miller, S. Brown, W.B. Nelp, K.A. Krohn, D. Fisher, K. DeSantes, B. Porter, P. Kidd, E.D. Thomas, I.D. Bernstein, Treatment of refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with radiolabeled MB-1 (anti-CD37) antibody, J. Clin. Oncol. 7 (1989) 1027-1038.
72. S.H. Bridges, A.M. Kruisbeek, D.L. Longo, Selective in vivo antitumor effects of monoclonal anti-I-A antibody on B cell lymphoma, J. Immunol. 139 (1987) 4242-4249.
73. K.K. Matthay, A.M. Abai, S. Cobb, K. Hong, D. Papahadjopoulos, R.M. Straubinger, Role of ligand in antibody-directed endocytosis of liposomes by human T-leukemia cells, Cancer Res. 49 (1989) 4879-4886.
74. P. Metezeau, I. Elguindi, M.E. Goldberg, Endocytosis of the membrane immunoglobulins of mouse spleen B-cells: a quantitative study of its rate, amount, and sensitivity to physiological, physical, and cross-linking agents, EMBO J. 3 (1984) 2235-2242.
75. R.F. Murphy, E. Bisaccia, C.R. Cantor, C. Berger, R.L. Edelson, Internalization and acidification of insulin by activated human lymphocytes, J. Cell. Physiol. 121 (1984) 351-356.
76. R.F. Murphy, D.B. Tse, C.R. Cantor, B. Pernis, Acidification of internalized Class I major histocompatibility complex antigen by T-lymphoblasts, Cell Immunol. 88 (1984) 336-342.
77. R. Youle, D. Neville, Role of endocytosis and receptor recycling in ligand-toxin and antibody-toxin conjugate activity, in: C.-W. Vogel (Ed.), Immunoconjugates, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1987, p. 153.
78. R. Duncan, H. Cable, P. Rejmanová, J. Kopeček, J.B. Lloyd, Tyrosinamide residues enhance pinocytic capture of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 799 (1984) 1-8.
79. 6 toward human hepatocarcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) targeted with galactosamine and to mouse splenocytes targeted with anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies, J. Control. Release 25 (1993) 71-87.
80. 6 for increasing its photosensitizing activity, Photochem. Photobiol. 58 (1993) 45-48.
81. 6, Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 1014-1019.
82. 6 alone, Biochem. Int. 26 (1992) 445-450.
83. R.M. Smith, L. Jarett, Partial characterization of mechanism of insulin accumulation in H35 hepatoma cell nuclei, Diabetes 39 (1990) 683-689.
84. D.A. Jans, Nuclear signaling pathway for polypeptide ligands and their membrane-receptors, FASEB J. 8 (1994) 841-847.
85. V.S. Goldmacher, N.L. Tinnel, B.C. Nelson, Evidence that pinocytosis in lymphoid cells has a low capacity, J. Cell. Biol. 102 (1986) 1312-1319.
86. E. Bonfils, C. Depierreux, P. Midoux, N.T. Thuong, M. Monsigny, A.C. Roche, Drug targeting: synthesis and endocytosis of oligonucleotide-neoglycoprotein conjugates, Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (1992) 4621-4629.
87. C. Manetti, J.M. Le Doussal, E. Rouvier, A. Gruaz-Guyon, J. Barbet, Intracellular uptake and catabolism of anti-IgM antibodies and bi-specific antibody-targeted hapten by B-lymphoma cells, Int. J. Cancer 63 (1995) 250-256.
88. 2b monoclonal antibodies, Eur. J. Immunol. 20 (1990) 107-112.
89. N. Yousaf, J.C. Howard, B.D. Williams, Targeting behavior of rat monoclonal IgG antibodies in vivo: role of antibody isotype, specificity and the target cell antigen density, Eur. J. Immunol. 21 (1991) 943-950.
90. P. Stashenko, L.M. Nadler, R. Hardy, S.F. Schlossman, Characterization of a human B lymphocyte-specific antigen, J. Immunol. 125 (1980) 1678-1685.
91. A. Weissman, R.D. Klausner, K. Rao, J.B. Harford, Exposure of K 562 cells to anti-receptor monoclonal antibody OKT9 results in rapid redistribution and enhanced degradation of the transferrin receptor, J. Cell. Biol. 102 (1986) 951-958.
92. K.W. Dunn, T.E. McGraw, F.R. Maxfield, Iterative fractionation of recycling receptors from lysosomally destined ligands in an early sorting endosome, J. Cell. Biol. 109 (1989) 3303-3314.
93. K.B. O'Hare, I.C. Hume, L. Scarlett, V. Chytrý, P. Kopeèková, J. Kopecek, J. Duncan, Effect of galactose on interaction of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers with hepatoma cells in culture: preliminary application to an anticancer agent, daunomycin, Hepatology 10 (1989) 207-214.
94. O. Press, E. Vitetta, A. Farr, J. Hansen, P. Martin, Evaluation of ricin A chain immunotoxins directed against human T cells, Cell. Immunol. 102 (1986) 10-20.
95. D.B. Cawley, H.R. Herschman, D.G. Gilliland, R.J. Collier, Epidermal growth factor-toxin A chain conjugates: EGF-ricin A is a potent toxin while EGF-diphtheria fragment A is nontoxic, Cell 22 (1980) 563-570.
96. J.M. Lambert, P.D. Senter, A. Yau-Young, W.A. Blatter, V.S. Goldmacher, Purified immunotoxins that are reactive with human lymphoid cells. Monoclonal antibodies conjugated to the ribosome-inactivating proteins gelonin and the pokeweed antiviral proteins, J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 12035-12041.
97. P.E. Thorpe, D.C. Blakey, A.N. Brown, P. Knowles, R.E. Knyba, P.M. Wallace, G.J. Watson, E.J. Wawrzynczak, Comparison of two anti-Thy 1.1-abrin A-chain immunotoxins prepared with different cross-linking agents: antitumor effects, in vivo fate, and tumor cell mutants, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 79 (1987) 1101-1112.
98. G.L. Shen, J.L. Li, M.A. Ghetie, V. Ghetie, R.D. May, M. Till, A.N. Brown, M. Relf, P. Knowles, J.W. Uhr, G. Janossy, P. Amlot, E.S. Vitetta, P.E. Thorpe, Evaluation of four CD22 antibodies as ricin-A-chain- containing immunotoxins for the in vivo therapy of human B-cell leukemias and lymphomas, Int. J. Cancer 42 (1988) 792-797.
99. D. Carriere, P. Casellas, G. Richer, P. Gros, J.K. Jansen, Endocytosis of an antibody ricin A chain conjugate (immuno-A-toxin) absorbed on colloidal gold. Effects of ammonium chloride and monensin, Exp. Cell. Res. 156 (1985) 327-340.
100. P. Casellas, B.J.P. Bourrie, P. Gros, F.K. Jansen, Kinetics of cytotoxicity induced by immunotoxins, J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 9359-9364.
101. R. Duncan, I.C. Hume, P. Kopečková, K. Ulbrich, J. Strohalm, J. Kopeček, Anticancer agents coupled to N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers. 3. Evaluation of adriamycin conjugates against mouse leukaemia L1210 in vivo, J. Control. Release 10 (1989) 51-63.
102. G. Ashwell, J. Harford, Carbohydrate recognition systems of the liver, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 51 (1982) 531-554.
103. 2 mice, Br. J. Cancer 63 (1991) 859-866.
104. S.R. Wedge, R. Duncan, P. Kopečková, Comparison of the liver subcellular distribution of free daunomycin and that bound to galactosamine targeted N-(2-hydropxypropyl)-methacrylamide copolymers following intravenous administration in the rat, Br. J. Cancer 63 (1991) 546-549.
105. R.J. Youle, F.M. Uckun, D.A. Vallera, M. Colombatti, Immunotoxins show rapid entry of diphtheria toxin but not ricin via the T3 antigen, J. Immunol. 136 (1986) 93-98.
106. R. Pirker, D.J.P. FitzGerald, T.C. Hamilton, R.F. Ozols, W Laird, A.E. Frankel, M.C. Willingham, I. Pastan, Characterization of immunotoxins active against ovarian cancer cell lines, J. Clin. Invest. 76 (1985) 1261-1267.
107. P. Machy, J. Barbet, L.D. Leserman, Differential endocytosis of T and B lymphocyte surface molecules evaluated with antibody-bearing fluorescent liposomes containing methotrexate, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982) 4148-4152.
108. F. Geissler, S.K. Anderson, O.W. Press, Intracellular catabolism of radiolabeled anti-CD3 antibodies by leukemic T cells, Cell. Immunol. 137 (1991) 96-110.
109. T.M. Chang, D.J. Kullberg, Studies of the mechanism of cell intoxication by diphtheria toxin fragment A-asialoorosomucoid hybrid toxins, J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982) 12563-12572.
110. M. Marsh, E. Bolzau, A. Helenius, Penetration of Semliki Forest virus from acidic prelysosomal vacuoles, Cell 32 (1983) 931-940.
111. C.V. Harding, E.R. Unanue, Antigen processing and intracellular Ia: possible roles of endocytosis and protein synthesis in Ia function, J. Immunol. 141 (1989) 12-19.
112. P. Ukkonen, V. Lewis, M. Marsh, A. Helenius, I. Mellman, Transport of macrophage Fc receptors and Fc receptor-bound ligands to lysosomes, J. Exp. Med. 163 (1986) 952-971.
113. R.H.C. Van der Jagt, C.C. Badger, F.R. Appelbaum, O.W. Press, D.C. Matthews, J.F. Eary, K.A. Krohn, I.D. Bernstein, Localization of radiolabeled antimyeloid antibodies in a human acute leukemia xenograft tumor model, Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 89-94.
114. R.J. Kyriakos, L.B. Shih, G.L. Ong, K. Patel, D.M. Goldenberg, M.J. Mattes, The fate of antibodies bound to the surface of tumor cells in vitro, Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 835-842.
115. L.A. Maier, F.J. Xu, S. Hester, C.M. Boyer, S. McKenzie, A.M. Bruskin, Y. Argon, R.C. Bast Jr., Requirements for the internalization of a murine monoclonal antibody directed against the HER-2/neu gene product c-erbB-2, Cancer Res. 51 (1991) 5361-5369.
116. M.R. Zalutsky, A.S. Narula, Radiohalogenation of a monoclonal antibody using an N-succinimidyl-3-(tri-n-butylstannyl)benzoate intermediate, Cancer Res. 48 (1988) 1446-1450.
117. S.A. Ali, S.D. Warren, K.Y. Richter, C.C. Badger, J.F. Eary, O.W. Press, K.A. Krohn, I.D. Bernstein, W.B. Nelp, Improving the tumor retention of radioiodinated antibody: aryl carbohydrate adducts, Cancer Res. 50(suppl) (1990) 783s-788s.
118. M. Marsh, A. Helenius, Virus entry into animal cells, Adv. Virus Res. 36 (1989) 107-139.
119. J.A. Roth, R.S. Ames, K. Fry, H.M. Lee, P.J. Scannon, Mediation of reduction of spontaneous and experimental pulmonary metastases by ricin A-chain immunotoxin 45-2D9-RTA with potentiation by systemic monensin in mice, Cancer Res. 48 (1988) 3496-3501.
120. Y.V. Van Oosterhout, F.W Preijers, H.M. Wessels, T. de Witte, Cytotoxicity of CD3-ricin A chain immunotoxins in relation to cellular uptake and degradation kinetics, Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 5921-5925.
121. O.W. Press, J. Howell-Clark, S. Anderson, I. Bernstein, Retention of B-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies by human lymphoma cells, Blood 83 (1994) 1390-1397.
122. K.B. DeSantes, A. Ullrich, B. Langton, D.J. Slamon, O.W. Press, Radiolabeled antibody targeting of the HER-2/neu oncoprotein, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 31 (1990) 287.
123. M. Colombatti, L. Greenfield, R.J. Youle, Cloned fragment of diphtheria toxin linked to T cell-specific antibody identifies regions of B chain activity in cell entry, J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1986) 3030-3035.
124. J. Harford, A.W. Wolkoff, G. Ashwell, R.D. Klausner, Monensin inhibits intracellular dissociation of asialoglycoproteins from their receptor, J. Cell. Biol. 96 (1983) 1824-1828.
125. K. Stenseth, J. Thyberg, Monensin and chloroquine inhibit transfer to lysosomes of endocytosed macromolecules in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, Eur. J. Cell Biol. 49 (1989) 326-333.
126. D.S. Finbloom, Subcellular characterization of the endocytosis of small oligomers of mouse immunoglobulin G in murine macrophages, J. Immunol. 136 (1986) 844-851.
127. W.C. Shen, B. Ballou, H.J.-P. Ryser, T.R. Hakala, Targeting, internalization, and cytotoxicity of methotrexate-monoclonal anti-stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 antibody conjugates in cultured F-9 teratocarcinoma cells, Cancer Res. 46 (1986) 3912-3916.
128. T. Aoyagi, H. Umezawa, Structures and activities of protease inhibitors of microbial origin, in: E. Reich, D.B. Bifkin, E. Shaw (Eds.), Proteases and Biological Control, New York, Cold Spring Harbor, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1975, pp. 429-454.
129. Říhová et al., unpublished results, 1996
130. B. Říhová, P. Kopečková, J. Strohalm, P. Rossmann, V. Větvička, J. Kopeček, Antibody-directed affinity therapy applied to the immune system. In vivo effectiveness and limited toxicity of daunomycin conjugated to HPMA copolymers and targeting antibody, Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 46 (1988) 100-114.
131. N. Umemoto, Y. Kato, N. Endo, Y. Takeda, T. Hara, Preparation and in vitro cytotoxicity of a methotrexate-anti-MM46 monoclonal antibody conjugate via an oligopeptide spacer, Int. J. Cancer 43 (1989) 677-684.
132. M. Marsh, The entry of enveloped viruses into cells by endocytosis, Biochem. J. 218 (1984) 1-10.
133. D.J. FitzGerald, T.A. Waldmann, M.C. Willingham, I. Pastan, Pseudomonas exotoxin-anti-TAC: cell-specific immunotoxin active against cells expressing the human T-cell growth factor receptor, J. Clin. Invest. 74 (1984) 966-971.
134. P. Seth, D.J. FitzGerald, M.C. Willingham, I. Pastan, 1986. Pathway of adenovirus entry into cells, in: A.L. Notkins, M.B.A. Oldstone (Eds.), Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis, vol.II, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 191-195.
135. S.T. Rosen, A.M. Zimmer, R. Goldman-Leikin, Radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy of cutaneous T cell lymphomas using an labeled monoclonal antibody: an Illinois cancer council study, J. Clin. Oncol. 5 (1987) 562-573.
136. 131I-labeled anti-myeloid antibody ion normal dogs: effects of a 'cold' antibody pretreatment dose on marrow localization, Exp. Hematol. 17 (1989) 929-934.
137. G.A. Hawkins, R.P. McCabe, C.-H. Kim, R. Subramanian, R. Bredehorst, G.A. McCullers, C.-W. Vogel, M.G. Hanna Jr., N. Pomato, Delivery of radionuclides to pretargeted monoclonal antibodies using dihydrofolate reductase and methotrexate in an affinity system, Cancer Res. 53 (1993) 2368-2373.
138. H.M. Vriesendorp, J.M. Herpst, M.A. Germack, J.L. Klein, P.K. Leichner, D.M. Loudsenslager, S.E. Order, Phase I-II studies of Yttrium-labeled antiferritin treatment for end-stage Hodgkin's disease, including radiation therapy oncology group 87-01, J. Clin. Oncol. 9 (1991) 918-928.
139. B. Goud, M. Borowitz, P. Carter, A. Hertler, J.O. Moore, W. Renckman, E.S. Groves, B. Marafino, A.A. Frankel, Phase I study of continuous infusion immunotoxin for refractory metastatic breast cancer, International Symposium on Immunotoxins, Durham, NC, 1988, p. 52.
140. O.W. Press, F. Appelbaum, J.A. Ledbetter, P. Martin, J. Zarling, P. Kidd, E.D. Thomas, Monoclonal antibody IF5 (anti-CD-20) serotherapy of human B cell lymphomas, Blood 69 (1987) 584-591.
141. S.E. Order, G.B. Stillwagon, J.L. Klein, P.K. Leichner, S.S. Siegelman, E.K. Fishman, D.S. Ettinger, T. Haulk, K. Kopher, K. Finney, M. Surdyke, S. Self, S. Leibel, Iodine-131 antiferritin, a new treatment modality in hepatoma: a radiation therapy oncology group study, J. Clin. Oncol. 3 (1985) 1573-1582.
142. 6 conjugates and a preliminary study of their photodynamic effect on mouse splenocytes in vitro, Makromol. Chem. 191 (1990) 839-856.
143. B. Říhová, A. Jegorov, J. Strohalm, V. Matha, P. Rossmann, L. Fornůsek, K. Ulbrich, Antibody-targeted cyclosporin A, J. Control. Release 19 (1992) 25-40.
144. Št'astný et al., unpubl. data, 1996
145. R.L. Boyd, C.L. Tucek, D.I. Godfrey, D.J. Izon, T.J. Wilson, N.J. Davidson, A.G. Bean, H.M. Ladyman, M.A. Riter, P. Hugo, The thymic microenvironment, Immunol. Today 14 (1993) 445-459.