Risk of bacteremia in young children with pneumonia treated as outpatients

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

Volumn 157, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 389-392

  Shah, Samir S ^a   Alpern, Elizabeth R ^a   Zwerling, Lisa ^a,b   McGowan, Karin L ^a   Bell, Louis M ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL LOS ANGELES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B; HUMAN; INFANT; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; OTITIS MEDIA; OUTPATIENT CARE; PNEUMONIA; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VACCINATION;

BACTEREMIA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; OUTPATIENTS; PHILADELPHIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; PNEUMONIA; PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCOCCAL; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 0345382010     PISSN: 10724710     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.157.4.389     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Bonadio WA. Bacteremia in febrile children with lobar pneumonia and leukocytosis. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1988;4:241-242.
2. Ramsey BW, Marcuse EK, Foy HM, et al. Use of bacterial antigen detection in the diagnosis of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections. Pediatrics. 1986;78:1-9.
3. McGowan JE, Bratton L, Klein JO, Finland M. Bacteremia in febrile children seen in a "walk-in" pediatric clinic. N Engl J Med. 1973;288:1309-1312.
4. Teele DW, Pelton SI, Grant MJA, et al. Bacteremia in febrile children under 2 years of age: results of cultures of blood of 600 consecutive febrile children seen in a "walk-in" clinic. J Pediatr. 1975;87:227-230.
5. Wald ER, Levine MM. Frequency of detection of Hemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in infants and children with pneumonia. Pediatrics. 1976; 57:266-268.
6. Grossman M, Klein JO, McCarthy PL, Schwartz RH, McCracken GH, Nelson JD. Consensus: management of presumed bacterial pneumonia in ambulatory children. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1984;3:497-500.
7. Shah SS, Alpern ER, Zwerling L, et al. Low risk of bacteremia in children with febrile seizures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:469-472.
8. Alpern ER, Alessandrini EA, Bell LM, Shaw KN, McGowan KL. Occult bacteremia from a pediatric emergency department: current prevalence, time to detection, and outcome. Pediatrics. 2000;106:505-511.
9. Black S, Shinefield H, Fireman B, et al. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:187-195.
10. Yu X, Gray B, Chang SJ, et al. Immunity to cross-reactive serotypes induced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:1569-1576.
11. Hickey RW, Bowman MJ, Smith GA. Utility of blood cultures in pediatric patients found to have pneumonia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:721-725.
12. McCarthy PL, Frank AL, Ablow RC, Masters SJ, Dolan TF Jr. Value of the C-reactive protein test in the differentiation of bacterial and viral pneumonia. J Pediatr. 1978;92:454-456.
13. Turner RS, Lande AE, Chase P, Hilton N, Weinberg D. Pneumonia in pediatric outpatients: cause and clinical manifestations. J Pediatr. 1987;111:194-200.
14. Chumpa A, Bachur RG, Harper MB. Bacteremia-associated pneumococcal pneumonia and the benefit of initial parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:1081-1085.
15. Lee GM, Harper MB. Risk of bacteremia for febrile young children in the post-Haemophilus influenzae type b era. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998; 152:624-628.
16. Coffey TJ, Enright MC, Daniels M, et al. Recombinational exchanges at the capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic locus lead to frequent serotype changes among natural isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol. 1998;27:73-83.
17. Eskola J, Kilpi T, Palmu A, et al. Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:403-409.
18. Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, Zamir O, et al. Reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae after administration of a 9-valent vaccine to toddlers attending day care centers. J Infect Dis. 2002;185:927-936.
19. Kuppermann N. The evaluation of young febrile children for occult bacteremia: time to reevaluate our approach? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:855-857.