메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 607-613

Human malformation syndromes due to inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis

Author keywords

Cholesterol synthesis; Human malformation syndromes; Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; SIMVASTATIN;

EID: 0345255889     PISSN: 10408703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00008480-200312000-00011     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (104)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0000139419 scopus 로고
    • A newly recognized syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies
    • Smith DW, Lemli L, Optiz JM: A newly recognized syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies. J Pediatr 1964, 64:210-217.
    • (1964) J Pediatr , vol.64 , pp. 210-217
    • Smith, D.W.1    Lemli, L.2    Optiz, J.M.3
  • 2
    • 0027270349 scopus 로고
    • Defective cholesterol biosynthesis in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Irons M, Elias ER, Salen G, et al.: Defective cholesterol biosynthesis in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Lancet 1993, 341:1414.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 1414
    • Irons, M.1    Elias, E.R.2    Salen, G.3
  • 3
    • 0000727177 scopus 로고
    • Defective cholesterol biosynthesis associated with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Tint GS, Irons M, Elias ER, et al.: Defective cholesterol biosynthesis associated with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:107-113.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 107-113
    • Tint, G.S.1    Irons, M.2    Elias, E.R.3
  • 4
    • 0032493196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the Delta7-sterol reductase gene in patients with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Fitzky BU, Witsch-Baumgartner M, Erdel M, et al.: Mutations in the Delta7-sterol reductase gene in patients with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996, 95:8181-8186.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 8181-8186
    • Fitzky, B.U.1    Witsch-Baumgartner, M.2    Erdel, M.3
  • 5
    • 0032231459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human sterol delta7-reductase gene at 11q12-13 cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Wassif CA, Maslen C, Kachilele-Linjewile S, et al.: Mutations in the human sterol delta7-reductase gene at 11q12-13 cause Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1998, 63:55-62.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , pp. 55-62
    • Wassif, C.A.1    Maslen, C.2    Kachilele-Linjewile, S.3
  • 6
    • 0032231706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is caused by mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene
    • Waterham HR, Wijburg FA, Hennekam RCM, et al.: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is caused by mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene. Am J Hum Genet 1998, 63:329-338.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , pp. 329-338
    • Waterham, H.R.1    Wijburg, F.A.2    Hennekam, R.C.M.3
  • 7
    • 0344258576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith-Lemi-Opitz syndrome and the DHCR7 gene
    • Jira PE, Waterham HR, Wanders RJ, et al.: Smith-Lemi-Opitz syndrome and the DHCR7 gene. Ann Hum Genet 2003, 67:269-280. The most recent compilation of DHCR7 mutations reported in SLOS.
    • (2003) Ann Hum Genet , vol.67 , pp. 269-280
    • Jira, P.E.1    Waterham, H.R.2    Wanders, R.J.3
  • 8
    • 0034097540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Kelley RI, Hennekam RC: The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Med Genet 2000, 37:321-335.
    • (2000) J Med Genet , vol.37 , pp. 321-335
    • Kelley, R.I.1    Hennekam, R.C.2
  • 9
    • 0036738385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malformation syndromes due to inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis
    • Porter FD: Malformation syndromes due to inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis. J Clin Invest 2002, 110:715-724. A recent review of the inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis and the role of cholesterol in embryonic and central nervous system development.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.110 , pp. 715-724
    • Porter, F.D.1
  • 10
    • 0345168098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rod photoreceptor responses in children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • in press
    • Elias ER, Hansen RM, Irons M, et al.: Rod photoreceptor responses in children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol, in press. This paper reports electroretinographic abnormalities in patients with SLOS. This finding may be important for clinical management of these children and may provide a tool to noninvasively monitor the effect of therapeutic interventions on the central nervous system.
    • Arch Ophthalmol
    • Elias, E.R.1    Hansen, R.M.2    Irons, M.3
  • 11
    • 0035863666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior phenotype in the RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Tierney E, Nwokoro NA, Porter FD, et al.: Behavior phenotype in the RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am J Med Genet 2001, 98:191-200.
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet , vol.98 , pp. 191-200
    • Tierney, E.1    Nwokoro, N.A.2    Porter, F.D.3
  • 12
    • 0018963505 scopus 로고
    • Borderline normal intelligence in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz (RSH) syndrome
    • Lowry RB, Yong SL: Borderline normal intelligence in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz (RSH) syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1980, 5:137-143.
    • (1980) Am J Med Genet , vol.5 , pp. 137-143
    • Lowry, R.B.1    Yong, S.L.2
  • 13
    • 0031592431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new face for an old syndrome
    • Kelley RI: A new face for an old syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1997, 68:251-256.
    • (1997) Am J Med Genet , vol.68 , pp. 251-256
    • Kelley, R.I.1
  • 14
    • 0031812755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: A variable clinical and biochemical phenotype
    • Ryan AK, Bartlett K, Clayton P, et al.: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: a variable clinical and biochemical phenotype. J Med Genet 1998, 35:558-565.
    • (1998) J Med Genet , vol.35 , pp. 558-565
    • Ryan, A.K.1    Bartlett, K.2    Clayton, P.3
  • 15
    • 0034737042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in Slovakia
    • Bzduch V, Behulova D, Skodova J: Incidence of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in Slovakia. Am J Med Genet 2000, 90:260.
    • (2000) Am J Med Genet , vol.90 , pp. 260
    • Bzduch, V.1    Behulova, D.2    Skodova, J.3
  • 16
    • 0038384014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal serum unconjugated estriol as a predictor for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and other fetal conditions
    • Schoen E, Norem C, O'Keefe J, et al.: Maternal serum unconjugated estriol as a predictor for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and other fetal conditions. Obstet Gynecol 2003, 102:167-172. An evaluation of the use of unconjugated estriol in prenatal screening for SLOS.
    • (2003) Obstet Gynecol , vol.102 , pp. 167-172
    • Schoen, E.1    Norem, C.2    O'Keefe, J.3
  • 17
    • 0035934013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in Ontario, Canada
    • Nowaczyk MJ, McCaughey D, Whelan DT, et al.: Incidence of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in Ontario, Canada. Am J Med Genet 2001, 102:18-20.
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet , vol.102 , pp. 18-20
    • Nowaczyk, M.J.1    McCaughey, D.2    Whelan, D.T.3
  • 19
    • 0035451261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and ethnic distribution of the common DHCR7 mutation in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Nowaczyk MJ, Nakamura LM, Eng B, et al.: Frequency and ethnic distribution of the common DHCR7 mutation in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am J Med Genet 2001, 102:383-386.
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet , vol.102 , pp. 383-386
    • Nowaczyk, M.J.1    Nakamura, L.M.2    Eng, B.3
  • 20
    • 0036219357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol and development: The RSH ("Smith-Lemli-Opitz") syndrome and related conditions
    • Opitz JM, Gilbert-Barness E, Ackerman J, et al.: Cholesterol and development: the RSH ("Smith-Lemli-Opitz") syndrome and related conditions. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 2002, 21:153-181. This paper includes a provocative discussion about how frequent SLOS may be.
    • (2002) Pediatr Pathol Mol Med , vol.21 , pp. 153-181
    • Opitz, J.M.1    Gilbert-Barness, E.2    Ackerman, J.3
  • 21
    • 18244387015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: New mutation with a mild phenotype
    • Prasad C, Marles S, Prasad AN, et al.: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: New mutation with a mild phenotype. Am J Med Genet 2002, 108:64-68.
    • (2002) Am J Med Genet , vol.108 , pp. 64-68
    • Prasad, C.1    Marles, S.2    Prasad, A.N.3
  • 22
    • 10744219736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of three patients with a very mild form of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Langius FAA, Waterham HR, Romeijn GJ, et al.: Identification of three patients with a very mild form of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am J Med Genet 2003, 122A:24-29.
    • (2003) Am J Med Genet , vol.122 A , pp. 24-29
    • Langius, F.A.A.1    Waterham, H.R.2    Romeijn, G.J.3
  • 24
    • 0036734985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular prenatal diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is reliable and efficient
    • Loeffler J, Utermann G, Witsch-Baumgartner M: Molecular prenatal diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is reliable and efficient. Prenat Diagn 2002, 22:827-830.
    • (2002) Prenat Diagn , vol.22 , pp. 827-830
    • Loeffler, J.1    Utermann, G.2    Witsch-Baumgartner, M.3
  • 25
    • 0022587985 scopus 로고
    • The lethal multiple congenital anomaly syndrome of polydactyly, sex reversal, renal hypoplasia, and unilobular lungs
    • Donnai D, Young I, Owen W, et al.: The lethal multiple congenital anomaly syndrome of polydactyly, sex reversal, renal hypoplasia, and unilobular lungs. J Med Genet 1986, 23:64-71.
    • (1986) J Med Genet , vol.23 , pp. 64-71
    • Donnai, D.1    Young, I.2    Owen, W.3
  • 26
    • 0033590680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of unconjugated estriol and other maternal serum markers in pregnancies with Smith-Lemli-Opitz (RSH) syndrome fetuses
    • Bradley LA, Palomaki GE, Knight GJ, et al.: Levels of unconjugated estriol and other maternal serum markers in pregnancies with Smith-Lemli-Opitz (RSH) syndrome fetuses. Am J Med Genet 1999, 82:355-358.
    • (1999) Am J Med Genet , vol.82 , pp. 355-358
    • Bradley, L.A.1    Palomaki, G.E.2    Knight, G.J.3
  • 27
    • 0036816706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of 7(8) and 8(9) unsaturated adrenal steroid metabolites produced by patients with 7-dehydrocholesterol-delta7-reductase deficiency (Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome)
    • Shackleton CH, Roitman E, Guo L-W, et al.: Identification of 7(8) and 8(9) unsaturated adrenal steroid metabolites produced by patients with 7-dehydrocholesterol-delta7-reductase deficiency (Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2002, 82:225-232. This paper reports the identification of aberrant steroids in serum from patients with SLOS.
    • (2002) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.82 , pp. 225-232
    • Shackleton, C.H.1    Roitman, E.2    Guo, L.-W.3
  • 28
    • 0031050244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of cholesterol supplementation in six patients with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS)
    • Elias ER, Irons MB, Hurley AD, et al.: Clinical effects of cholesterol supplementation in six patients with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). Am J Med Genet 1997, 68:305-310.
    • (1997) Am J Med Genet , vol.68 , pp. 305-310
    • Elias, E.R.1    Irons, M.B.2    Hurley, A.D.3
  • 29
    • 0031051150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: Results of a multicenter trial
    • Irons M, Elias ER, Abuelo D, et al.: Treatment of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: results of a multicenter trial. Am J Med Genet 1997, 68:311-314.
    • (1997) Am J Med Genet , vol.68 , pp. 311-314
    • Irons, M.1    Elias, E.R.2    Abuelo, D.3
  • 30
    • 0031050246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol and bile acid replacement therapy in children and adults with Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO/RSH) syndrome
    • Nwokoro NA, Mulvihill JJ: Cholesterol and bile acid replacement therapy in children and adults with Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO/RSH) syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1997, 68:315-321.
    • (1997) Am J Med Genet , vol.68 , pp. 315-321
    • Nwokoro, N.A.1    Mulvihill, J.J.2
  • 31
    • 0034726691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol supplementation with egg yolk increases plasma cholesterol and decreases plasma 7-dehydrocholesterol in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Linck LM, Lin DS, Flavell D, et al.: Cholesterol supplementation with egg yolk increases plasma cholesterol and decreases plasma 7-dehydrocholesterol in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am J Med Genet 2000, 93:360-365.
    • (2000) Am J Med Genet , vol.93 , pp. 360-365
    • Linck, L.M.1    Lin, D.S.2    Flavell, D.3
  • 32
    • 0035122158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol supplementation objectively reduces photosensitivity in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Azurdia RM, Anstey AV, Rhodes LE: Cholesterol supplementation objectively reduces photosensitivity in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2001, 144:143-145.
    • (2001) Br J Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 143-145
    • Azurdia, R.M.1    Anstey, A.V.2    Rhodes, L.E.3
  • 33
    • 0036034727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol treatment forever? The first Scandinavian trial of cholesterol supplementation in the cholesterol-synthesis defect Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Starck L, Lovgren-Sandblom A, Bjorkhem I: Cholesterol treatment forever? The first Scandinavian trial of cholesterol supplementation in the cholesterol-synthesis defect Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Intern Med 2002, 252:314-321.
    • (2002) J Intern Med , vol.252 , pp. 314-321
    • Starck, L.1    Lovgren-Sandblom, A.2    Bjorkhem, I.3
  • 34
    • 0036354733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol storage defect in RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome fibroblasts
    • Wassif CA, Vied D, Tsokos M, et al.: Cholesterol storage defect in RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome fibroblasts. Mol Genet Metab 2002, 75:325-334.
    • (2002) Mol Genet Metab , vol.75 , pp. 325-334
    • Wassif, C.A.1    Vied, D.2    Tsokos, M.3
  • 35
    • 0034829757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7-Dehydrocholesterol-dependent proteolysis of HMG-CoA reductase suppresses sterol biosynthesis in a mouse model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz/RSH syndrome
    • Fitzky BU, Moebius FF, Asaoka H, et al.: 7-Dehydrocholesterol-dependent proteolysis of HMG-CoA reductase suppresses sterol biosynthesis in a mouse model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz/RSH syndrome. J Clin Invest 2001, 108:905-915.
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.108 , pp. 905-915
    • Fitzky, B.U.1    Moebius, F.F.2    Asaoka, H.3
  • 36
    • 0033806452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sterol balance in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Reduction in whole body cholesterol synthesis and normal bile acid production
    • Steiner RD, Linck LM, Ravell DP, et al.: Sterol balance in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Reduction in whole body cholesterol synthesis and normal bile acid production. J Lipid Res 2000, 41:1437-1447.
    • (2000) J Lipid Res , vol.41 , pp. 1437-1447
    • Steiner, R.D.1    Linck, L.M.2    Ravell, D.P.3
  • 37
    • 0032814083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bile acid synthesis in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: Effects of dehydrocholesterols on cholesterol 7alpha-hydrozylase and 27-hydrozylase activities in rat liver
    • Honda A, Salen G, Shefer S, et al.: Bile acid synthesis in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: effects of dehydrocholesterols on cholesterol 7alpha-hydrozylase and 27-hydrozylase activities in rat liver. J Lipid Res 1999, 40:1520-1528.
    • (1999) J Lipid Res , vol.40 , pp. 1520-1528
    • Honda, A.1    Salen, G.2    Shefer, S.3
  • 38
    • 0041666303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 27-Hydroxylation of 7- And 8-dehydrocholesterol in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: A novel metabolic pathway
    • Wassif CA, Yu J, Cui J, et al.: 27-Hydroxylation of 7-and 8-dehydrocholesterol in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: A novel metabolic pathway. Steroids 2003, 68:497-502. This manuscript reports the identification of aberrant oxysterols in SLOS serum and differential activation of the LXR receptors by the 7-DHC derived oxysterol.
    • (2003) Steroids , vol.68 , pp. 497-502
    • Wassif, C.A.1    Yu, J.2    Cui, J.3
  • 39
    • 0033849199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin. A new therapeutic approach for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Jira PE, Wevers RA, de Jong J, et al.: Simvastatin. A new therapeutic approach for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Lipid Res 2000, 41:1339-1346.
    • (2000) J Lipid Res , vol.41 , pp. 1339-1346
    • Jira, P.E.1    Wevers, R.A.2    De Jong, J.3
  • 40
    • 0037159465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin treatment in the SLO syndrome: A safe approach?
    • Starck L, Lovgren-Sandblom A, Bjorkhem I: Simvastatin treatment in the SLO syndrome: a safe approach? Am J Med Genet 2002, 113:183-189. This article along with reference 39 reports the initial small studies of simvastatin therapy in patients with SLOS. The paper by Jira et al. reports a paradoxical increase in serum cholesterol levels and improved sterol ratios in cerebral spinal fluid. The paper by Starck et al. raises concerns about simvastatin use in more severely affected patients with SLOS.
    • (2002) Am J Med Genet , vol.113 , pp. 183-189
    • Starck, L.1    Lovgren-Sandblom, A.2    Bjorkhem, I.3
  • 41
    • 0035947564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. A concerted role for Sp1 and NF-Y-binding sites for sterol-mediated regulation of rat 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene expression
    • Kim JH, Lee JN, Paik YK: Cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. A concerted role for Sp1 and NF-Y-binding sites for sterol-mediated regulation of rat 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene expression. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:18153-18160.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 18153-18160
    • Kim, J.H.1    Lee, J.N.2    Paik, Y.K.3
  • 42
    • 0036467175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental sensitivity of associative learning to cholesterol synthesis inhibitors
    • O'Brien WT, Xu G, Batta A, et al.: Developmental sensitivity of associative learning to cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Behav Brain Res 2002, 129:141-152. Results presented in this paper suggest that if the biochemical defect can be corrected, then neurological deficits may be improved. If this is the case, then treatment of the sterol abnormality in the central nervous system may have beneficial effects for patients with SLOS.
    • (2002) Behav Brain Res , vol.129 , pp. 141-152
    • O'Brien, W.T.1    Xu, G.2    Batta, A.3
  • 43
    • 0029744511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desmosterolosis: A new inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis
    • Clayton P, Mills K, Keeling J, et al.: Desmosterolosis: a new inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis. Lancet 1996, 348:404.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 404
    • Clayton, P.1    Mills, K.2    Keeling, J.3
  • 44
    • 0034741599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the 3beta-hydroxysterol Delta24-reductase gene cause desmosterolosis, an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis
    • Waterham HR, Koster J, Romeijn GJ, et al.: Mutations in the 3beta-hydroxysterol Delta24-reductase gene cause desmosterolosis, an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis. Am J Hum Genet 2001, 69:685-694.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , pp. 685-694
    • Waterham, H.R.1    Koster, J.2    Romeijn, G.J.3
  • 45
    • 10744228153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lathosterolosis: An inborn error of human and murine cholesterol synthesis due to lathosterol 6-desaturase deficiency
    • Krakowiak PA, Wassif CA, Kratz L, et al.: Lathosterolosis: an inborn error of human and murine cholesterol synthesis due to lathosterol 6-desaturase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2003, 12:1631-1641. This article reports the identification of a human patient with lathosterolosis and the development of a lathosterolosis mouse model.
    • (2003) Hum Mol Genet , vol.12 , pp. 1631-1641
    • Krakowiak, P.A.1    Wassif, C.A.2    Kratz, L.3
  • 46
    • 19044379648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lathosterolosis, a novel multiple-malformation/mental retardation syndrome due to deficiency of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-delta5-desaturase
    • Brunetti-Pierri N, Corso G, Rossi M, et al.: Lathosterolosis, a novel multiple-malformation/mental retardation syndrome due to deficiency of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-delta5-desaturase. Am J Hum Genet 2002, 71:952-958. This is the initial report of a human patient with lathosterolosis.
    • (2002) Am J Hum Genet , vol.71 , pp. 952-958
    • Brunetti-Pierri, N.1    Corso, G.2    Rossi, M.3
  • 47
    • 0018611617 scopus 로고
    • X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata. Review of literature and report of a case
    • Happle R: X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata. Review of literature and report of a case. Hum Genet 1979, 53:65-73.
    • (1979) Hum Genet , vol.53 , pp. 65-73
    • Happle, R.1
  • 48
    • 0033037717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in a delta 8-delta 7 sterol isomerase in the tattered mouse and X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata
    • Derry JM, Gormally E, Means GD, et al.: Mutations in a delta 8-delta 7 sterol isomerase in the tattered mouse and X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata. Nat Genet 1999, 22:286-290.
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.22 , pp. 286-290
    • Derry, J.M.1    Gormally, E.2    Means, G.D.3
  • 49
    • 0032987971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the gene encoding 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-delta 8, delta 7-isomerase cause X-linked dominant Conradi-Hunermann syndrome
    • Braverman N, Lin P, Moebius FF, et al.: Mutations in the gene encoding 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-delta 8, delta 7-isomerase cause X-linked dominant Conradi-Hunermann syndrome. Nat Genet 1999, 22:291-294.
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.22 , pp. 291-294
    • Braverman, N.1    Lin, P.2    Moebius, F.F.3
  • 50
    • 0037209089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skewed X-chromosome inactivation causes intra-familial phenotypic variation of an EBP mutation in a family with X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata
    • Shirahama S, Miyahara A, Kitoh H, et al.: Skewed X-chromosome inactivation causes intra-familial phenotypic variation of an EBP mutation in a family with X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata. Hum Genet 2003, 112:78-83.
    • (2003) Hum Genet , vol.112 , pp. 78-83
    • Shirahama, S.1    Miyahara, A.2    Kitoh, H.3
  • 51
    • 0037221832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2) caused by single gene mosaicism in a male
    • Aughton DJ, Kelley RI, Metzenberg A, et al.: X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2) caused by single gene mosaicism in a male. Am J Med Genet 2003, 116A:255-260.
    • (2003) Am J Med Genet , vol.116 A , pp. 255-260
    • Aughton, D.J.1    Kelley, R.I.2    Metzenberg, A.3
  • 52
    • 0037221542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular, biochemical, and phenotypic analysis of a hemizygous male with a severe atypical phenotype for X-linked dominant Conradi-Hunermann-Happle syndrome and a mutation in EBP
    • Milunsky JM, Maher TA, Metzenberg AB: Molecular, biochemical, and phenotypic analysis of a hemizygous male with a severe atypical phenotype for X-linked dominant Conradi-Hunermann-Happle syndrome and a mutation in EBP. Am J Med Genet 2003, 116A:249-254.
    • (2003) Am J Med Genet , vol.116 A , pp. 249-254
    • Milunsky, J.M.1    Maher, T.A.2    Metzenberg, A.B.3
  • 53
    • 0033972847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the NSDHL gene, encoding a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cause CHILD syndrome
    • Konig A, Happle R, Bornholdt D, et al.: Mutations in the NSDHL gene, encoding a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cause CHILD syndrome. Am J Med Genet 2000, 90:339-346.
    • (2000) Am J Med Genet , vol.90 , pp. 339-346
    • Konig, A.1    Happle, R.2    Bornholdt, D.3
  • 54
    • 0033950130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CHILD syndrome caused by deficiency of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-delta8, delta7-isomerase
    • Grange DK, Kratz LE, Braverman NE, et al.: CHILD syndrome caused by deficiency of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-delta8, delta7-isomerase. Am J Med Genet 2000, 90:328-335.
    • (2000) Am J Med Genet , vol.90 , pp. 328-335
    • Grange, D.K.1    Kratz, L.E.2    Braverman, N.E.3
  • 55
    • 0023944060 scopus 로고
    • A new autosomal recessive lethal chondrodystrophy with congenital hydrops
    • Greenberg CR, Rimoin DL, Gruber HE, et al.: A new autosomal recessive lethal chondrodystrophy with congenital hydrops. Am J Med Genet 1988, 29:623-632.
    • (1988) Am J Med Genet , vol.29 , pp. 623-632
    • Greenberg, C.R.1    Rimoin, D.L.2    Gruber, H.E.3
  • 56
    • 0034564537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inborn errors of cholesterol biosynthesis
    • Kelley RI: Inborn errors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Adv Pediatr 2000, 47:1-53.
    • (2000) Adv Pediatr , vol.47 , pp. 1-53
    • Kelley, R.I.1
  • 57
    • 0345535128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal recessive HEM/Greenberg skeletal dysplasia is caused by 3beta-hydroxysterol delta 14-reductase deficiency due to mutations in the lamin B receptor gene
    • 14-reductase activity.
    • (2003) Am J Hum Genet , vol.72 , pp. 1013-1017
    • Waterham, H.R.1    Koster, J.2    Mooyer, P.3
  • 58
    • 0036699522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the gene encoding the lamin B receptor produce an altered nuclear morphology in granulocytes (Pelger-Huet anomaly)
    • Hoffmann K, Dreger CK, Olins AL, et al.: Mutations in the gene encoding the lamin B receptor produce an altered nuclear morphology in granulocytes (Pelger-Huet anomaly). Nat Genet 2002, 31:410-414.
    • (2002) Nat Genet , vol.31 , pp. 410-414
    • Hoffmann, K.1    Dreger, C.K.2    Olins, A.L.3
  • 59
    • 0037097340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal sterol metabolism in a patient with Antley-Bixler syndrome and ambiguous genitalia
    • Kelley RI, Kratz LE, Glaser RL, et al.: Abnormal sterol metabolism in a patient with Antley-Bixler syndrome and ambiguous genitalia. Am J Med Genet 2002, 110:95-102. This is the first report associating a genetic defect in cholesterol synthesis with Antley-Bixler syndrome.
    • (2002) Am J Med Genet , vol.110 , pp. 95-102
    • Kelley, R.I.1    Kratz, L.E.2    Glaser, R.L.3
  • 60
    • 0035976543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog signaling: A tale of two lipids
    • Ingham PW: Hedgehog signaling: a tale of two lipids. Science 2001, 294:1879-1881.
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 1879-1881
    • Ingham, P.W.1
  • 61
    • 0029844192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol modification of hedgehog signaling proteins in animal development
    • Porter JA, Young KE, Beachy PA: Cholesterol modification of hedgehog signaling proteins in animal development. Science 1996, 274:255-259.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 255-259
    • Porter, J.A.1    Young, K.E.2    Beachy, P.A.3
  • 62
    • 0030294408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human Sonic Hedgehog gene cause holoprosencephaly
    • Roessler E, Belloni E, Gaudenz K, et al.: Mutations in the human Sonic Hedgehog gene cause holoprosencephaly. Nat Genet 1996, 14:357-360.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.14 , pp. 357-360
    • Roessler, E.1    Belloni, E.2    Gaudenz, K.3
  • 63
    • 0030458446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holoprosencephaly in RSH/Smitn-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: Does abnormal cholesterol metabolism affect the function of Sonic Hedgehog?
    • Kelley RL, Roessler E, Hennekam RC, et al.: Holoprosencephaly in RSH/Smitn-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: does abnormal cholesterol metabolism affect the function of Sonic Hedgehog? Am J Med Genet 1996, 66:478-484.
    • (1996) Am J Med Genet , vol.66 , pp. 478-484
    • Kelley, R.L.1    Roessler, E.2    Hennekam, R.C.3
  • 64
    • 0035885194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith-Lemli-Opitz (RHS) syndrome: Holoprosencephaly and homozygous IVS8- 1G-
    • Nowaczyk MJ, Farrell SA, Sirkin WL, et al.: Smith-Lemli-Opitz (RHS) syndrome: holoprosencephaly and homozygous IVS8- 1G-
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet , vol.103 , pp. 75-80
    • Nowaczyk, M.J.1    Farrell, S.A.2    Sirkin, W.L.3
  • 65
    • 0344953585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A defective response to Hedgehog signaling in disorders of cholesterol biosynthesis
    • Cooper MK, Wassif CA, Krakowiak PA, et al.: A defective response to Hedgehog signaling in disorders of cholesterol biosynthesis. Nat Genet 2003, 33:508-513. This paper reports the finding that hedgehog signaling dysfunction in SLOS and lathosterolosis is likely due to decreased sterol levels rather than a teratogenic effect of increased precursors. This paper also shows that the hedgehog signaling pathway is inhibited at the level of Smoothened rather than due to impaired hedgehog processing.
    • (2003) Nat Genet , vol.33 , pp. 508-513
    • Cooper, M.K.1    Wassif, C.A.2    Krakowiak, P.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.