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(4) For recent syntheses of propionates containing natural products in our laboratory, see (a) Lautens, M.; Colucci, J. T.; Hiebert, S.; Smith, N. D.; Bouchain, G. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 1879. (b) Lautens, M.; Stammers, T. A. Synthesis 2002, 1993.
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For recent syntheses of propionates containing natural products in our laboratory, see (a) Lautens, M.; Colucci, J. T.; Hiebert, S.; Smith, N. D.; Bouchain, G. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 1879. (b) Lautens, M.; Stammers, T. A. Synthesis 2002, 1993.
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0035980401
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For relevant examples of the use of α-substituted-β,γ- unsaturated aldehyde in total synthesis, see: (a) Liu, P.; Jacobsen, E. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 10772. (b) Salamonczyk, G. M.; Han, K.; Guo, Z.-W.; Sih, C. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6893. (c) Evans, D. A.; DiMare, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2476.
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0029804014
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For relevant examples of the use of α-substituted-β,γ- unsaturated aldehyde in total synthesis, see: (a) Liu, P.; Jacobsen, E. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 10772. (b) Salamonczyk, G. M.; Han, K.; Guo, Z.-W.; Sih, C. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6893. (c) Evans, D. A.; DiMare, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2476.
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0000854029
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For relevant examples of the use of α-substituted-β,γ- unsaturated aldehyde in total synthesis, see: (a) Liu, P.; Jacobsen, E. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 10772. (b) Salamonczyk, G. M.; Han, K.; Guo, Z.-W.; Sih, C. J. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6893. (c) Evans, D. A.; DiMare, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2476.
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Evans, D.A.1
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16
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0006170068
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For a Lewis-acid-mediated approach to β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes and their reactions in situ, see: (a) Lautens, M.; Maddess, M. L.; Sauer, E. L. O.; Ouellet, S. G. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 83. (b) Lautens, M.; Ouellet, S. G.; Raeppel, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4079.
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Lautens, M.1
Maddess, M.L.2
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Ouellet, S.G.4
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17
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0034680552
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For a Lewis-acid-mediated approach to β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes and their reactions in situ, see: (a) Lautens, M.; Maddess, M. L.; Sauer, E. L. O.; Ouellet, S. G. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 83. (b) Lautens, M.; Ouellet, S. G.; Raeppel, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4079.
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Lautens, M.1
Ouellet, S.G.2
Raeppel, S.3
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18
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0345727098
-
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note
-
All substrates used in this study are racemic.
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20
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0000687774
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Jacobsen, E. N., Pfaltz, A., Yamamoto, H., Eds.; Springer: New York
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(b) Pfaltz, A.; Lautens, M. Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis; Jacobsen, E. N., Pfaltz, A., Yamamoto, H., Eds.; Springer: New York, 1999; Vol. 2, pp 833-884.
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Pfaltz, A.1
Lautens, M.2
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21
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0345727097
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-
note
-
Other solvents, including THF, DMF, or a combination of the two, gave lower conversion with low dr.
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-
-
-
22
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0027481923
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Mandai, T.; Matsumoto, T.; Tsuji, J.; Saito, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2513.
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24
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0344864244
-
-
note
-
Phosphonium salt can be easily synthesized (see ref 12) or, alternatively, is available from Strem Chemicals.
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-
-
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25
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4243445784
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2; see: Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1998, 178-180, 511. Amatore, C.; Jutand, A.; Khalil, F.; M'Barki, M. A.; Mottier, L. Organometallics 1993, 12, 3168.
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Amatore, C.1
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0000840737
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2; see: Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1998, 178-180, 511. Amatore, C.; Jutand, A.; Khalil, F.; M'Barki, M. A.; Mottier, L. Organometallics 1993, 12, 3168.
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Amatore, C.1
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Mottier, L.5
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27
-
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0345295487
-
-
note
-
2Cs) were not as effective, probably due to their low solubility.
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-
-
-
28
-
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0344864243
-
-
note
-
1H NMR spectroscopy. For the purpose of this study, > 15:1 dr indicates that the other diastereomer was present in less than 6% (typically 4-6%), whereas > 20:1 dr specifies that the other diastereomer was not detectable.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
0344432428
-
-
note
-
On a 0.2 mmol scale, the reaction with 2.5 mol % Pd at room temperature led to almost complete conversion after 3 days, compared to < 1 h at 40°C. On a 0.5 mmol scale, the reaction with 2.5 mol % Pd is done in < 2 h.
-
-
-
-
30
-
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0344432429
-
-
note
-
Stereochemistry of the products was determined by comparison with authentic samples or similar or previously reported compounds; see Supporting Information for details.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
0345295485
-
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note
-
Under the optimized conditions, other leaving groups such as acetate or formate (see ref 1c) gave incomplete conversion and no reaction, respectively.
-
-
-
-
32
-
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0345727096
-
-
note
-
Diastereomers are separable, and the pure syn isomer (30%) could be isolated by flash chromatography.
-
-
-
-
33
-
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0344432431
-
-
note
-
1H NMR when using the standard conditions.
-
-
-
-
34
-
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0345727095
-
-
note
-
13C NMR spectroscopy
-
-
-
-
36
-
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0026652043
-
-
Tsuji has reported a few examples where reduction of allylic carbonates or formates gave a mixture of diastereomers with modest to no selectivity; see: Mandai, T.; Suzuki, S.; Murakami, T.; Fujita, M.; Kawada, M.; Tsuji, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2987.
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