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note
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For a more accurate determination of capacitance, one needs to carry out impedance measurements using a wide range of AC frequencies but the values obtained in this work are still accurate enough for the purpose of this paper.
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note
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2), the ratio of the area is only 2. In the present case, we see domes with the height less than the radius, i.e., an aspect ratio of less than 1. This gives a roughness ratio of less than 2. Of course, there are smaller features which contribute to higher roughness. Thus, the roughness was evaluated as follows. The cross section lengths of Fig. 4(a) and (b) were measured but with a z-axis of the same dimension as that cf the x-axis and then the ratio was squared to obtain the area ratio.
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