Lead into gold: The science of finding nothing

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 661-691

  Collins, H M ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Audiences for science; Gravitational waves; Negative results; Physics; Upper limits

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345017205     PISSN: 00393681     EISSN: 18792510     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2003.09.002     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Allen B. Blackburn J.K. Brady P.R. Creighton J.D.E. Creighton T. Droz S. Gillespie A.D. Hughes S.A. Kawamura S. Lyons T.T. Mason J.E. Owen B.J. Raab F.J. Regehr M.W. Sathyaprakash B.S. Savage R.L. Jr. Whitcombe S. Wiseman A.G. Observational limit on gravitational waves from binary neutron stars in the galaxy Physical Review Letters 83 1999 1498-1501
2. Allen W.D. Christodoulides C. Gravitational radiation experiments at the University of Reading and the Rutherford Laboratory Journal of Physics A 8 1975 1726-1733
3. Allen Z.A. Astone P. Baggio L. Busby D. Bassan M. Blair D.G. Bonaldi M. Bonifazi P. Carelli P. Cerdonio M. Coccia E. Conti L. Cosmelli C. Crivelli-Visconti V. D'Antonio S. Fafone V. Falferi P. Fortini P. Frasca S. Hamilton W.O. Heng I.S. Ivanov E.N. Johnson W.W. Kingham M. Locke C.R. Marini A. Martinucci V. Mauceli E. McHugh M.P. Mezzena R. Minenkov Y. Modena I. Modestino G. Moleti A. Ortolan A. Pallottino G.V. Pizzella G. Prodi G.A. Rocco E. Ronga F. Salemi F. Santostasi G. Taffarello L. Terenzi R. Tobar M.E. Vedovato G. Vinante A. Visco M. Vitale S. Votano L. Zendri J.P. First search for gravitational wave bursts with a network of detectors Physical Review Letters 85 24 2000 5046-5050
4. Amaldi E. Aguiar O. Bassan M. Bonifazi P. Carelli P. Castellano M.G. Cavallari G. Coccia E. Cosmelli C. Fairbank W.M. Frasca S. Foglietti V. Habel R. Hamilton W.O. Henderson J. Johnson W. Lane R. Mann A.G. McCashan M.S. Michelson P.F. Modena I. Pallottino G.V. Pizzella G. Price J.C. Rapagnani R. Ricci F. Solomonson N. Stevenson T.R. Taber R.C. Xu B.X. First gravity wave coincidence experiment between resonant cryogenic detectors: Louisiana-Rome-Stanford Astronomy and Astrophysics 216 1989 325-332
5. Astone P. Bassan M. Blair D.G. Bonifazi P. Carelli P. Coccia E. Cosmelli C. Fafone V. Febo L. Frasca S. Heng I.S. Ivanov E.N. Marini A. Mauceli E. Merkowitz S.M. Minenkov Y. Modena I. Modestino G. Moleti A. Pallottino G.V. Papa M.A. Pizzella G. Ronga F. Terenzi R. Tobar M.E. Turner P.J. van-Kann F.J. Visco M. Votano L. Search for coincident excitation of the widely spaced resonant gravitational wave detectors EXPLORER, NAUTILUS, NIOBE Astroparticle Physics 10 1 1999 83-92
6. Astone P. Bassan M. Bonifazi P. Carelli P. Coccia E. Comeli C. Fafone V. Frasca S. Geng K. Hamilton W.O. Johnson W. Mauceli E. McHugh M.P. Merkowitz S. Modena I. Modestino G. Morse A. Pallottino G.V. Papa M.A. Pizzella G. Solomonson N. Terenzi R. Visco M. Zhu N. Search for gravitational radiation with the Allegro and Explorer detectors Physical Review D 59 12 1999 2001-2007
7. Bahcall J. Davis Jr. R. An account of the development of the solar neutrino problem In Barnes C. Clayton D. Schramm D. (Eds.), Essays in nuclear physics 1982 243-286 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
8. Bethe H.A. Brown G.E. Evolution of binary compact objects that merge Astrophysical Journal 505 1998 1998 780-789 [astro-ph/9802084]
9. Brown B.L. Mills A.P. Tyson J.A. Results of a 440-day search for gravitational radiation Physical Review D 26 6 1982 1209-1218
10. Collins H.M. Stages in the empirical programme of relativism Social Studies of Science 11 1981 3-10
11. Collins H.M. Changing order: Replication and induction in scientific practice, 2nd ed 1985 University of Chicago Press Chicago (First published 1985)
12. Collins H.M. The meaning of data: Open and closed evidential cultures in the search for gravitational waves American Journal of Sociology 104 2 1998 293-337
13. Collins H.M. Pinch T.J. Frames of meaning: The social construction of extraordinary science 1982 Routledge and Kegan Paul London
14. Collins H.M. Pinch T.J. The construction of the paranormal: Nothing unscientific is happening In Wallis R. (Ed.), Sociological Review monograph. No. 27: On the margins of science: The social construction of rejected knowledge 1979 237-270 Keele University Press Keele
15. Collins H.M. Tacit knowledge, trust, and the Q of sapphire Social Studies of Science 31 1 2001 71-85
16. Collins H.M. Pinch T.J. The Golem: What you should know about science 1993 Cambridge University Press Cambridge and New York
17. 37 reaction Physical Review 97 1955 766-769
18. Douglass D.H. Gram R.Q. Tyson J.A. Lee R.W. Two-detector-coincidence search for bursts of gravitational radiation Physical Review Letters 35 8 1975 480-483
19. Drever R.W.P. Hough J. Bland R. Lesnoff G.W. Search for short bursts of gravitational radiation Nature 246 1973 340-344
20. Ferrari V. Pizzella G. Lee M. Weber J. Search for correlations between the University of Maryland and the University of Rome gravitational radiation antennas Physical Review D third series 25 10 1982 2471-2486
21. Fleck L. Genesis and development of a scientific fact 1979 University of Chicago Press Chicago (First published in German 1935)
22. Galison P. How experiments end 1987 University of Chicago Press Chicago
23. Galison P. Image and logic: A material culture of microphysics 1997 University of Chicago Press Chicago
24. Garfinkel H. Studies in ethnomethodology 1967 Prentice-Hall New Jersey
25. Garwin R.L. Levine J.L. Single gravity-wave detector results contrasted with previous coincidence detections Physical Review Letters 31 3 1973 176-180
26. Gieryn T. Boundary-work and the demarcation of science from non-science: Strains and interests in professional ideologies of scientists American Sociological Review 48 1983 781-795
27. Hirakawa H. Nariha K. Search for gravitational radiation at 145Hz Physical Review Letters 35 6 1975 330-334
28. Holton G. The scientific imagination 1978 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
29. Knorr-Cetina K. The manufacture of knowledge 1981 Pergamon Oxford
30. Knorr-Cetina K. Epistemic cultures: How the sciences make knowledge 1999 Harvard University Press Cambridge Mass
31. Kuhn T.S. The function of measurement in modern physical science ISIS 52 1961 162-176
32. Kuhn T.S. The structure of scientific revolutions 1962 University of Chicago Press Chicago
33. Latour B. Woolgar S. Laboratory life: The social construction of scientific facts 1979 Sage Beverly Hills
34. Levine J.L. Garwin R.L. Absence of gravity-wave signals in a bar at 1695 Hz Physical Review Letters 31 3 1973 173-176
35. Levine J.L. Garwin R.L. New negative result for gravitational wave detection, and comparison with reported detection Physical Review Letters 33 13 1974 794-797
36. Lynch M. Art and artifact in laboratory science: A study of shop work and shop talk in a research laboratory 1985 Routledge and Kegan Paul London
37. Mackenzie D. Statistics in Britain 1865-1930 1981 Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh
38. Nicholson D. Dickson C.A. Watkins W.J. Schutz B.F. Shuttleworth J. Jones G.S. Robertson D.I. Mackenzie N.L. Strain K.A. Meers B.J. Newton G.P. Ward H. Cantley C.A. Robertson N.A. Hough J. Danzmann K. Niebauer T.M. Rüdiger A. Schilling R. Schnupp L. Winkler W. Results of the first coincident observations by two laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors Physics Letters A 218 1996 175-180
39. Phinney E.S. The rate of neutron star binary mergers in the universe: Minimal predictions for gravity wave detectors Astrophysical Journal Letters 380L 1991 17-21
40. Pickering A. Constraints on controversy: The case of the magnetic monopole Social Studies of Science 11 1981 63-93
41. Pickering A. Constructing quarks: A sociological history of particle physics 1984 Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh
42. Pinch T.J. Confronting nature: The sociology of solar-neutrino detection 1986 Reidel Dordrecht
43. Pinch T.J. The sun-set: The presentation of certainty in scientific life Social Studies of Science 11 1981 131-158
44. Popper K.R. The logic of scientific discovery 1959 Harper & Row New York
45. Shapin S. The politics of observation: Cerebral anatomy and social interests in the Edinburgh phrenology disputes In Wallis R. (Ed.), On the margins of science: The social construction of rejected knowledge, Sociological Review monograph, 27 1979 139-178 Keele University Press Keele
46. Shapin S. Schaffer S. Leviathan and the air pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the experimental life 1987 Princeton University Press Princeton
47. Travis G.D.L. Replicating replication? Aspects of the social construction of learning in planarian worms Social Studies of Science 11 1981 11-32
48. Traweek S. Beamtimes and lifetimes: The world of high-energy physicists 1988 Harvard University Press Cambridge, Mass
49. Tyson J.A. Null search for bursts of gravitational radiation Physical Review Letters 31 5 1973 326-329
50. Weber J. Gretz D. Lee M. Steppel S. Gravitational radiation detector observations in 1973 and 1974 Physical Review D 14 4 1976 893-907
51. Winch P.G. The idea of a social science 1958 Routledge and Kegan Paul London