The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)

Agricultural and Forest Entomology

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 301-310

  Kirk, William D J ^a   Terry, L Irene ^b  

^a KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

Alien species; Exotic insects; Frankliniella occidentalis; Glasshouse; Horticultural trade; Insecticide resistance; Invasion; Pest management; Tospo virus; Variability; Western flower thrips

Indexed keywords

FRANKLINIELLA; FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS; FRANKLINIELLA TRITICI; HEXAPODA; INSECTA; INVERTEBRATA;

EID: 0345015334     PISSN: 14619555     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00192.x     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Allen, W.R. & Broadbent, A.B. (1986) Transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus in Ontario greenhouses by Frankliniella occidentalis. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-Revue Canadienne de Phytopathologie, 8, 33-38.
2. Andjus, L.J. (1992) Nalaz Kaliforniskog tripsa u Srbiji. Jugoslovenski Simpozijum O Zastiti Bilja, Vrnjacka Banja, 1992, 80.
3. Andjus, L. & Vukovic, M. (1991) Frankliniella occidentalis new record (Pergande, 1985) new pest in glasshouses in Yugoslavia. Plant Protection, 42, 69-72.
4. Argaman, Q., Klein, Z., Ben-Dov, Y. & Mendel, Z. (1989) Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an injurious intruder [In Hebrew]. Hassadeh, 69, 1268-1269.
5. Bailey, S.F. (1940) The distribution of injurious thrips in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 33, 133-136.
6. Baker, C.R.B., Barker, I., Bartlett, P.W. & Wright, D.W. (1993) Western flower thrips, its introduction and spread in Europe and role as a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Health and the European Single Market (ed. by D. Ebbels), pp. 355-360. British Crop Protection Council Monograph, no. 54. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham.
7. Bale, J.S. & Walters, K.F.A. (2001) Overwintering biology as a guide to the establishment potential of non-native arthropods in the UK. Environment and Animal Development: Genes, Life Histories and Plasticity (ed. by D. Atkinson and M. Thorndyke), pp. 343-354. Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford.
8. Beshear, R.J. (1983) New records of thrips in Georgia (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia: Tubulifera). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 18, 342-344.
9. Bibby, F.F. (1958) Notes on thrips of Arizona. Journal of Economic Entomology, 51, 450-452.
10. Broadbent, A.B. & Hunt, D.W.A. (1991) Inability of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), to overwinter in southern Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 122, 47-49.
11. Broadbent, A.B., Allen, W.R. & Foottit, R.G. (1987) The association of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with greenhouse crops and the tomato spotted wilt virus in Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 119, 501-503.
12. Broødsgaard, H.F. (1989) Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) - a new pest in Danish glasshouses. A review. Danish Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 93, 83-91.
13. Brødsgaard, H.F. (1993) Cold hardiness and tolerance to submergence in water in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Environmental Entomology, 22, 647-653.
14. Brødsgaard, H.F. (1994) Insecticide resistance in European and African strains of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) tested in a new residue-on-glass test. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87, 1141-1146.
15. Bryan, D.E. & Smith, R.F. (1956) The Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) complex in California (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 10, 359-410.
16. Burgess, L. & Weegar, H.H. (1988) Thrips (Thysanoptera) in canola crops in Saskatchewan. Canadian Entomologist, 120, 815-819.
17. CAB International (2001) Crop Protection Compendium, Global Module, 3rd edn. CAB International, U.K.
18. Childers, C.C. & Beshear, R.J. (1992) Thrips (Thysanoptera) species associated with developing citrus flowers in Florida and a key to adult terebrantian females. Journal of Entomological Science, 27, 392-412.
19. Cho, K., Eckel, C.S., Walgenbach, J.F. & Kennedy, G.G. (1995) Overwintering of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in North Carolina. Environmental Entomology, 24, 58-67.
20. Chung, B.-K., Kang, S.-W. & Kwon, J.-H. (2001) Chemical control system of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse eggplant, Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 3, 1-9.
21. Cooper, M.E. (1986) Tennessee Entomological Society prediction and evaluation report. Firefly Notes, 2, 30.
22. de Kogel, W.J., van der Hoek, M. & Mollema, C. (1997) Variation in performance of western flower thrips populations on susceptible and partially resistant cucumber. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 83, 73-80.
23. De Santis, L. (1995) La presencia en la República Argentina del Trips Californiano de las Flores. Anales de la Academia National de Agronomia y Veterinaria, 49, 7-18.
24. Donchev, K. (1995) Species composition and seasonal dynamics of thrips (Thysanoptera) of awnless brome grass (Bromus inervis Leyss.) in Bulgaria. Plant Science (Sofia, Bulgaria), 32, 159-160.
25. Eyer, J.R. & Medler, J.T. (1941) Control of thrips on seedling cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 34, 726-727.
26. Fauziah, I. & Saharan, H.A. (1991) Research on thrips in Malaysia. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center Publication, 91-342, 29-33.
27. Felland, C.M., Hull, L.A., Teulon, D.A.J. & Cameron, E.A. (1993) Overwintering of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Pennsylvania. Canadian Entomologist, 125, 971-973.
28. Felland, C.M., Teulon, D.A. & Hull, L.A. (1995) Overwintering and distribution of western flower thrips in the mid-Atlantic United States. Thrips Biology and Management (ed. by B. L. Parker, M. Skinner and T. Lewis), pp. 461-464. Plenum Press, New York.
29. Frank, J.H. & McCoy, E.D. (1992) Introduction to the behavioral ecology of immigration. The immigration of insects to Florida with a tabulation of records published since 1970. Florida Entomologist, 75, 1-28.
30. Frey, J.E. (1993) The analysis of arthropod pest movement through trade in ornamental plants. Plant Health and the European Single Market (ed. by D. Ebbels), pp. 157-165. British Crop Protection Council Monograph, no. 54. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham.
31. Giliomee, J.H. (1989) First record of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from South Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 52, 179-180.
32. Gillings, M. R., Rae, D., Herron, G.A. & Beattie, G.A.C. (1996) Tracking thrips populations using DNA-based methods. Proceedings 1995 Australia and New Zealand Thrips Workshop: Methods, Biology, Ecology and Management (ed. by S. Goodwin and P. Gillespie), pp. 97-103. NSW Agriculture, NSW.
33. Graves, J.B., Powell, J.D., Farris, M.E., Micinski, S. & Story, R.N. (1987) Pest status of western flower thrips on cotton in Louisiana. Proceedings of the 1987 Beltwide Cotton Conference (ed. by J. M. Brown and T. C. Nelson), pp. 229-231. National Cotton Council, Memphis.
34. Greenough, D.R., Black, L.L., Story, R.N., Newsom, L.D. & Bond, W.P. (1985) Occurrence of Frankliniella occidentalis in Louisiana - a possible cause for the increased incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus. Phytopathology, 75, 1362.
35. Hayase, T. & Fukuda, H. (1991) Occurrence of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on cyclamen and its identification [In Japanese]. Shokubutsu Boeki, 45, 59-61.
36. Hightower, B.G. & Martin, D.F. (1956) Ecological studies of thrips found on cotton in central Texas. Journal of Economic Entomology, 48, 423-424.
37. Horton, B. (1995) Geographical distribution of changes in maximum and minimum temperatures. Atmospheric Research, 37, 101-117.
38. Immaraju, J.A., Paine, T.D., Bethke, J.A., Robb, K.L. & Newman, J.P. (1992) Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) resistance to insecticides in coastal California greenhouses. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 9-14.
39. Janezic, F. (1993) Third contribution to the knowledge of thrips species (Thysanoptera) on plants in Slovenia. Zbornik Biotehniske Fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, 61, 161-180.
40. Johnson, C.G. (1967) International dispersal of insects and insect-borne viruses. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology. 73 (Suppl. 1), 21-43.
41. Kahrer, A. (1989) Thripsschäden an Paprika. Gemüse, 25, 387-388.
42. Kiritani, K. (2001) Invasive insect pests and plant quarantine in Japan. Extension Bulletin of the Food and Fertilizer Center, Taipei, 498, 1-12.
43. Kirk, W.D.J. (2002) The pest and vector from the West: Frankliniella occidentalis. Thrips and Tospoviruses: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Thysanoptera (ed. by R. Marullo and L. A. Mound), pp. 33-44. Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra.
44. Kurosawa, M. (1941) A quarantine interception of a new Frankliniella (Thysanoptera) from Hawaii [In Japanese]. Kontyu, 15, 173-175.
45. Lambert, W. R. (1984) Thrips and whitefly in the southeast. Proceedings of the 1984 Beltwide Cotton Conference (ed. by J. M. Brown), pp. 180-181. National Cotton Council, Memphis.
46. Lambert, W.R. (1985) The thrips problem. Proceedings of the 1985 Beltwide Cotton Conference (ed. by T. C. Nelson), pp. 130-131. National Cotton Council, Memphis.
47. Lawton, J.H. & Brown, K.C. (1986) The population and community ecology of invading insects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, B314, 607-617.
48. Malipatil, M.B., Postle, A.C., Osmelak, J.A., Hill, M. & Moran, J. (1993) First record of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in Australia (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 32, 378.
49. Mantel, W.P. & van de Vrie, M. (1988) De californische trips, Frankliniella occidentalis, een nieuwe schadelijke tripssoort in de tuinbouw onder glas in Nederland. Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam), 48, 140-144.
50. Martin, N. A. & Workman, P.J. (1994) Confirmation of a pesticide-resistant strain of western flower thrips in New Zealand. Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 1994, 144-148.
51. McDonald, J.R., Bale, J.S. & Walters, K.F.A. (1997a) Low temperature mortality and overwintering of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 87, 497-505.
52. McDonald, J.R., Bale, J.S. & Walters, K.F.A. (1997b) Rapid cold hardening in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Journal of Insect Physiology, 43, 759-766.
53. Monteiro, R.C., Mound, L.A. & Zucchi, R.A. (2001) Espécies de Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) de importância agricola no Brasil. Neotropical Entomology, 30, 65-72.
54. Morimoto, N. & Kiritani, K. (1995) Fauna of exotic insects in Japan. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, 12, 87-120.
55. Moulton, D. (1929) New California Thysanoptera. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 5, 125-136.
56. Mound, L.A. (1983) Natural and disrupted patterns of geographical distribution in Thysanoptera (Insecta). Journal of Biogeography, 10, 119-133.
57. Mound, L.A. (1997) Biological diversity. Thrips As Crop Pests (ed. by T. Lewis), pp. 197-215. CAB International, U.K.
58. Mound, L.A. & Marullo, R. (1996) The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 6, 1-487.
59. Mound, L.A. & Walker, A.K. (1982) Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Fauna of New Zealand, 1, 1-113.
60. Murai, T. & Toda, S. (2002) Variation of Thrips tabaci in colour and size. Thrips and Tospoviruses: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Thysanoptera (ed. by R. Marullo and L. A. Mound), pp. 377-378. Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra.
61. Nakahara. S. (1997) Annotated list of the Frankliniella species of the world (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Contributions on Entomology, International, 2, 355-386.
62. Nakao, H.K. (1967) Notes and exhibitions: Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 19, 340.
63. Nasruddin, A. & Smitley, D.R. (1991) Relationship of Frankliniella occidental (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) population density and feeding injury to the frequency of insecticide applications to gloxinia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 84, 1812-1817.
64. Opler, P.A. & Wright, A.B. (1999) Western Butterflies (Peterson Field Guides Series), 2nd edn. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
65. Ortiz, M. (1977) El genero Frankliniella Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en el Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 20, 49-62.
66. Pearsall, I.A. (2002) Daily flight activity of the western flower thrips (Thysan., Thripidae) in nectarine orchards in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Applied Entomology, 126, 293-302.
67. Pelikan, J. (1989) A new imported pest of greenhouse plants, the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande. 1895) [In Czech]. Ochrana Rostlin, 25, 271-278.
68. Peterson, R.T. (2001) Western Birds (Peterson Field Guides Series), 3rd edn. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
69. Petrova, V., Cudare, Z. & Steinite, I. (2000) Invertebrate fauna on strawberry in Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences, 54, 79-84.
70. Phillips, J.R., Tugwell, N.P., Johnson, D.R., Kimbrough, J.J., Wall, M.L. & Nicholson, W.F. (1989) Cotton Insects in Arkansas 1988. Unpublished report.
71. Pielou, E.G. (1979) Biogeography. Wiley Interscience, New York.
72. Ready, P.D. (1998) Pest Thysanoptera of Mediterranean Fruit Trees. Final report for Concerted Action AIR3 PL94 1938 of CEC, Directorate General for Agriculture DGVI-FII-3. http:// www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/thrips.
73. Robb, K.L. (1989) Analysis of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) as a pest of floricultural crops in California greenhouses. PhD Thesis, University of California, Riverside.
74. Robb, K.L., Newman, J.P. & Parrella, M.P. (1988) The biology and control of the western flower thrips. TSWV Newsletter, 3, 6-12.
75. Sakimura, K. (1972) Frankliniella invasor, new species, and notes on Frankliniella gardeniae and the Frankliniella spp. in Hawaii (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 21, 263-270.
76. Simala. M. (1991) Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) novi stetnik povrca i ukrasnog bilja u Jugoslaviji. Agronomski Glasnik, 4/5, 255-258.
77. Simberloff, D. (1986) Introduced insects: a biogeographic and systematic perspective. Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii (ed. by H. A. Mooney and J. A. Drake), pp. 3-26. Springer Verlag, New York.
78. Stannard, L.J. (1968) The thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 29, 215-552.
79. Tommasini, M.G. & Maini, S. (1995) Frankliniella occidentalis and other thrips harmful to vegetable and ornamental crops in Europe. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers, 95, 1-42.
80. Treherne, R.C. (1924) Thysanoptera known to occur in Canada. Canadian Entomologist, 56, 82-88.
81. Tunç, I. & Göçmen, H. (1994) New greenhouse pests, Polyphagotarsonemus latus and Frankliniella occidentalis, in Turkey. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Plant Protection Bulletin, 42, 218-220.
82. US Census Bureau (1982) 1978 Census of Agriculture, vol. 5. Special reports. Part 7. 1979 Census of Horticultural Specialities. United States Bureau of the Census, Washington.
83. USDA (1966) Thrips. United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 16, 262.
84. USDA (1977) Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) -Pennsylvania. United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Plant Pest Report, 2, 197.
85. Vasiliu-Oromulu, L. (1993) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) (Insecta: Ordinul Thysanoptera), un nou dãunãtor în serele din România. Studii Si Cercetari de Biologie Seria Biologie Animalã, 45, 87-92.
86. Vierbergen, G. (1995) International movement, detection and quarantine of Thysanoptera pests. Thrips Biology and Management (ed. by B. L. Parker, M. Skinner and T. Lewis), pp. 119-132. Plenum Press, New York.
87. Vierbergen, G. (1999) Risks of Thysanoptera detected on imported plant products: the Dutch experience. Proceedings: Sixth International Symposium on Thysanoptera, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey (ed. by G. Vierbergen and I. Tunç), pp. 157-162. 27 April to 1 May 1998. Akdeniz University, Antalya.
88. Watson, R.T., Zinyowera, M.C. & Moss, R.H. (1998) The Regional Impacts of Climate Change. An Assessment of Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
89. Zimmer, R.C., Myers, K., Haber, S., Campbell, C.G. & Gubbels, G.H. (1992) Tomato spotted wilt virus, a problem on grass pea and field pea in the greenhouse in 1990 and 1991. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 72, 29-31.