Gender and Ethnicity at Work: Occupational Segregation and Disadvantage in the 1991 British Census

Sociology

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 713-731

  Blackwell, Louisa ^a,b  

^a Institute of Education   (United Kingdom)

^b OFFICE FOR NATIONAL STATISTICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Disadvantage; Ethnicity; Gender; Occupational segregation; Part time

Indexed keywords

EID: 0344981538     PISSN: 00380385     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/00380385030374005     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Abbott, P. and M. Tyler (1995) 'Ethnic Variation in the Female Labour Force: A Research Note', British Journal of Sociology 46(2): 339-53.
2. Albelda, R.P. (1986) 'Occupational Segregation by Race and Gender 1958-1981', Industrial and Labor Relations Review 39(3): 404-11.
3. Al-Rasheed, M. (1996) 'The Other-Others: Hidden Arabs?', in C. Peach (ed.) The Ethnic Minority Populations of Great Britain. London: HMSO.
4. Anker, R. (1998) Gender and Jobs: Sex Segregation of Occupations in the World. Geneva: ILO.
5. Becker, G.S. (1991) A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
6. Berthoud, R. (2000) 'Ethnic Employment Penalties in Britain', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 26(3): 389-416.
7. Bhavnani, R. (1994) Black Women in the Labour Market: A Research Review. Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission.
8. Blackaby, D.H., D.G. Leslie, P.D. Murphy and N.C. O'Leary (1998) 'The Ethnic Wage Gap and Employment Differentials in the 1990s: Evidence for Britain', Economics Letters 58: 97-103.
9. Blackaby, D.H., D.G. Leslie, P.D. Murphy and N.C. O'Leary (1999) 'Unemployment among Britain's Ethnic Minorities', The Manchester School 67(1): 1-20.
10. Blackburn, R. and M. Mann (1981) 'The Dual Labour Market Model', in P. Braham, E. Rhodes and M. Pearn (eds) Discrimination and Disadvantage in Employment. London: Harper and Row.
11. Blackburn, R.M., A. Dale and J. Jarman (1997) 'Ethnic Differences in Attainment in Education, Occupation and Life Style', in V. Karn (ed.) Employment, Education and Housing among Ethnic Minorities. London: HMSO.
12. Blackburn, R.M., J. Jarman and B. Brooks (1999) The Relation Between Gender Inequality and Occupational Segregation in 32 Countries. Cambridge: Sociological Research Group.
13. Blackwell, L. (2000) 'Fragmented Life Courses: The Changing Profile of Britain's Ethnic Populations', Population Trends 101: 6-10.
14. Blackwell, L. (2001a) 'Occupational Sex Segregation and Part-time Work in Modern Britain', Gender, Work and Organization 8(2): 146-65.
15. Blackwell, L. (2001b) 'Women's Work in UK Official Statistics: A Review of the 1980 Reclassification of Occupations', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 164(2): 307-25.
16. Brown, C. (1984) Black and White Britain, The Third PSI Survey. London: PSI.
17. Bruegel, I. (1979) 'Women as a Reserve Army of Labour: A Note on Recent British Experience', Feminist Review 3: 12-23.
18. Bruegel, I. (1989) 'Sex and Race in the Labour Market', Feminist Review 32: 49-68.
19. Burchell, B., J. Elliott and J. Rubery (1994) 'Perceptions of the Labour Market: An Investigation of Differences by Gender and by Working-Time', in J. Rubery and F. Wilkinson (eds) Employer Strategy and the Labour Market. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
20. Castles, S. and G. Kosack (1981) 'The Function of Labour Immigration in Western European Capitalism', in P. Braham, E. Rhodes and M. Pearn (eds) Discrimination and Disadvantage in Employment. London: Harper and Row.
21. Cohen, B.G. and P.J. Jenner (1981) 'The Employment of Immigrants: A Case Study within the Wool Industry', in P. Braham, E. Rhodes and M. Pearn (eds) Discrimination and Disadvantage in Employment. London: Harper and Row.
22. Cotter, D.A., J.M. Hermsen and R. Vanneman (1999) 'Systems of Gender, Race, and Class Inequality: Multilevel Analysis', Social Forces 78(2): 433-60.
23. Craig, C., E. Garnsey and J. Rubery (1984) 'Labour Market Structure, Industrial Organisation and Low Pay', Research Paper No. 48. London: Department of Employment.
24. Crompton, R. and K. Sanderson (1990) Gendered Jobs and Social Change. London: Unwin Hyman.
25. Dale, A. (1987) 'Occupational Inequality, Gender and the Life Cycle', Work, Employment and Society 1(3): 326-52.
26. Dale, A., E. Fieldhouse, N. Shaheen and V. Kalra (2002) 'The Labour Market Prospects for Pakistani and Bangladeshi Women', Work, Employment and Society 16(1): 5-25.
27. Dale, A. and C. Holdsworth (1998) 'Why don't Minority Ethnic Women in Britain Work Part-time?', in J. O'Reilly and C. Fagan (eds) Part-time Prospects. London: Routledge.
28. Dale, A. and H. Joshi (1992) 'The Economic and Social Status of British Women', in G. Butler, G. Heilig and G. Schmidtt-Rink (eds) Acta Demographica, pp. 27-46. Heidelburg: Physica Verlag.
29. Dex, S. (1987) Women's Occupational Mobility. London: Macmillan.
30. England, P. (1981) 'Assessing Trends in Occupational Sex Segregation, 1900-1976', in I. Berg (ed.) Sociological Perspectives on Labour Markets. New York: Academic Press.
31. ESRC (1996) 'Ethnic Variation in the Impact of Childbirth on Women's Occupational Attainments', Grant No: 4507255134, End of Award Report.
32. Green, A. (1997) 'Patterns of Ethnic Minority Employment in the Context of Industrial and Occupational Growth and Decline', in V. Karn (ed.) Employment, Education and Housing among Ethnic Minorities. London: HMSO.
33. Hakim, C. (1991) 'Grateful Slaves and Self-Made Women: Fact and Fantasy in Women's Work Orientations', European Sociological Review 7: 101-21.
34. Hakim, C. (1994) 'A Century of Change in Occupational Segregation 1891-1991', Journal of Historical Sociology 7(4): 435-54.
35. Hakim, C. (1996) Key Issues in Women's Work: Female Heterogeneity and the Polarisation of Women's Employment. London: Athlone.
36. Heath, A. and D. McMahon (1997) 'Education and Occupational Attainments: The Impact of Ethnic Origins', in V. Karn (ed.) Employment, Education and Housing among Ethnic Minority Populations of Britain. London: HMSO.
37. Iganski, P. and G. Payne (1996) 'Declining Racial Disadvantage in the British Labour Market', Ethnic and Racial Studies 19(1): 113-34.
38. Jacobs, J.A. (1987) 'Long-term Trends in Occupational Segregation by Sex', American Journal of Sociology 95(1): 160-73.
39. Jacobsen, J.P. (1994) 'Sex Segregation at Work: Trends and Predictions', The Social Science Journal 31(2): 153-69.
40. Jones, T. (1993) Britain's Ethnic Minorities. London: PSI.
41. King, M.C. (1995) 'Black Women's Labor Market Status: Occupational Segregation in the United States and Great Britain', Review of Black Political Economy 24(1): 23-43.
42. Modood, T. (1997) 'Employment', in T. Modood and R. Berthoud Ethnic Minorities in Britain. London: Policy Studies Institute.
43. Office for National Statistics (2000) Classification of Occupations, Volume 1. London: Stationery Office.
44. Owen, D. (1997) 'Labour Force Participation Rates, Self-employment and Unemployment', in V. Karn (ed.) Employment, Education and Housing among Ethnic Minority Populations of Britain. London, HMSO.
45. Paci, P., H. Joshi and G. Makepeace (1995) 'Pay Gaps Facing Men and Women Born in 1958: Differences within the Labour Market', in J. Humphries and J. Rubery (eds) The Economics of Equal Opportunities. Manchester: EOC.
46. Pang, M. and A. Lau (1998) 'The Chinese in Britain: Working towards Success?', International Journal of Human Resource Management 9(5): 862-74.
47. Phillips, A. and B. Taylor (1980) 'Sex and Skill: Notes towards a Feminist Economics', Feminist Review 6: 79-88.
48. Phizacklea, A. (1988) 'Gender, Racism and Occupational Segregation', in S. Walby (ed.) Gender Segregation at Work. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
49. Phizacklea, A. (1990) Unpacking the Fashion Industry. London: Routledge.
50. PIU (Performance and Innovation Unit) (2002) Ethnic Minorities and the Labour Market: Interim Analytical Report. London: Cabinet Office.
51. Polachek, S.W. (1976) 'Occupational Segregation: An Alternative Hypothesis', Journal of Contemporary Business Winter Issue: 1-12
52. Rees, P. and D. Phillips (1996) 'Geographical Spread: The National Picture', in P. Ratcliffe (ed.) Social Geography and Ethnicity in Britain: Geographical Spread, Spatial Concentration and Internal Migration. London: HMSO.
53. Rees, T. (1992) Women and the Labour Market. London: Routledge.
54. Reynolds, T. (2001) 'Black Mothering, Paid Work and Identity', Ethnic and Racial Studies 24(6):1046-64.
55. Robinson, V. (1996) 'Inter-Generational Differences in Ethnic Settlement Patterns in Britain', in P. Ratcliffe (ed.) Social Geography and Ethnicity in Britain: Geographical Spread, Spatial Concentration and Internal Migration. London: HMSO.
56. Rubery, J. (1978) 'Structured Labour Markets, Worker Organisation and Pay', Cambridge Journal of Economics 8(2): 17-36.
57. Scott, A. (ed.) (1994) Gender Segregation and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
58. Shah, S. (1981) 'Immigrants and Employment in the Clothing Industry: The Rag Trade in London's East End', in P. Braham, E. Rhodes and M. Pearn (eds) Discrimination and Disadvantage in Employment. London: Harper and Row.
59. Siltanen, J., J. Jarman and R.M. Blackburn (1995) Gender Inequality in the Labour Market: Occupational Concentration and Segregation. Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
60. Simpson, S. (1996) 'Non-response to the 1996 Census: The Effect on Ethnic Group Enumeration', in D. Coleman and J. Salt (eds) Demographic Characteristics of the Ethnic Minority Populations. London: HMSO.
61. Van Kempen, R. and S. Özüekren (1998) 'Ethnic Segregation in Cities: New Forms and Explanations in a Dynamic World', Urban Studies 35(10): 1631-56.
62. Walby, S. (1988) Gender Segregation at Work. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
63. Xu, W. and A. Leffler (1992) 'Gender and Race Effects on Occupational Prestige, Segregation, and Earnings', Gender and Society 6(3): 376-92.