Systems of gender, race, and class inequality: Multilevel analyses

Social Forces

Volumn 78, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 433-460

  Cotter, David A ^a   Hermsen, Joan M ^b   Vanneman, Reeve ^c  

^a UNION COLLEGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 22844454074     PISSN: 00377732     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/sf/78.2.433     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Anderson, Deborah, and David Shapiro. 1996. "Racial Differences in Access to High-Paying Jobs and the Wage Gap between Black and White Women." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49:273-86.
2. Baron, Harold. 1971. "The Demand for Black Labor: Historical Notes on the Political Economy of Racism." Radical America 5:1-46.
3. Bergmann, Barbara R. 1974. "Occupational Segregation, Wages and Profits When Employers Discriminate by Race or Sex." Eastern Economic Journal 1:103-10.
4. Bernhardt, Annette, Martina Morris, and Mark S. Handcock. 1995. "Women's Gains or Men's Losses? A Closer Look at the Shrinking Gender Gap in Earnings." American Journal of Sociology 101:302-28.
5. Bianchi, Suzanne. 1995. "Changing Economic Roles of Women and Men." Pp. 107-54 in State of the Union, edited by Reynolds Parley. Russell Sage Foundation.
6. Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn. 1996. "International Differences in Male Wage Inequality: Institutions versus Market Forces." Journal of Political Economy 104:791-837.
7. _. 1997. "Swimming Upstream: Trends in the Gender Wage Differential in the 1980s." Journal of Labor Economics 15:1-42.
8. Brewer, Rose M. 1993. "Theorizing Race, Class, and Gender: The New Intellectual Scholarship of Black Feminist Intellectuals and Black Women's Labor." Pp. 13-30 in Theorizing Black Feminisms: The Visionary Pragmatism of Black Women, edited by Stanlie M. James and Abena P.A. Busia. Routledge.
9. Bryk, Anthony S., and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1992. Hierarchical Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Sage Publications.
10. Chow, Esther Ngan-Ling. 1996. "Introduction: Transforming Knowledgment: Race, Class, and Gender." Pp. xix-xxvi in Race, Class, and Gender: Common Bonds, Different Voices, edited by Esther Ngan-ling Chow, Doris Wilkinson, and Maxine Baca Zinn. Sage Publications.
11. Cohen, Philip. 1998a. "Black Concentration Effects on Black-White and Gender Inequality: Multilevel Analysis for U.S. Metropolitan Areas." Social Forces 77:207-29.
12. _. 1998b. "Replacing Domestic Labor in the Service Economy: Gender, Class, and Racial-Ethnicity in Household Service Spending." Gender and Society 12:219-31.
13. Cotter, David A., JoAnn M. DeFiore, Joan M. Hermsen, Brenda Marsteller Kowalewski, and Reeve Vanneman. 1995a. "Occupational Gender Desegregation in the 1980s." Work and Occupations 22:3-21.
14. _. 1995b. "Occupational Gender Segregation and the Earnings Gap: Changes in the 1980s." Social Science Research 24:439-54.
15. _. 1996. "Nonmetropolitan and Metropolitan Gender Inequality." Rural Sociology 61:272-88.
16. _. 1997. "Same Data, Different Conclusions. Comment on Bernhardt et al." American Journal of Sociology 102:1143-54.
17. _. 1998. "The Demand for Female Labor." American Journal of Sociology 103:1673-1712.
18. Dill, Bonnie Thornton. 1983. "Race, Class, and Gender: Prospects for an All-inclusive Sisterhood." Feminist Studies 9:129-50.
19. England, Paula, and Irene Browne. 1992. "Trends in Women's Economic Status." Sociological Perspectives 35:17-51.
20. Fortin, Nicole M., and Thomas Lemieux. 1998. "Rank Regressions, Wage Distributions, and the Gender Gap." Journal of Human Resources 33:610-43.
21. Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. 1987. "Racial Ethnic Women's Labor: The Intersection of Race, Gender and Class Oppression." Pp. 46-73 in Hidden Aspects of Women's Work, edited by Christine Bose, Roslyn Feldberg, and Natalie Sokoloff. Praeger.
22. Gordon, David M. 1996. Fat and Mean: The Corporate Squeeze of Working Americans and the Myth of Managerial "Downsizing." Martin Kessler.
23. Hill Collins, Patricia. 1990. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Routledge.
24. Jackman, Mary R. 1994. The Velvet Glove: Paternalism and Conflict in Gender, Class, and Race Relations. University of California Press.
25. Jacobs, Jerry A. 1989. "Long-Term Trends in Occupational Segregation by Sex." American Journal of Sociology 95:160-73.
26. Jencks, Christopher. 1992. Rethinking Social Policy: Race, Poverty, and the Underclass. Harvard University Press.
27. King, Deborah K. 1988. "Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 14:42-72.
28. King, Mary C. 1992. "Occupational Segregation by Race and Sex, 1940-88." Monthly Labor Review 115:30-36.
29. Kluegel, James R., and Eliot R. Smith. 1986. Beliefs about Inequality: Americans' Views of What Is and What Ought to Be. Aldine de Gruyter.
30. Levy, Frank. 1995. "Incomes and Income Inequality." Pp. 1-58 in State of the Union, edited by Reynolds Parley. Russell Sage Foundation.
31. Levy, Frank, and Richard J. Murnane. 1992. "U.S. Earnings Levels and Earnings Inequality: A Review of Recent Trends and Proposed Explanations." Journal of Economic Literature 30:1333-81.
32. Lorence, Jon. 1992. "Service Sector Growth and Metropolitan Occupational Sex Segregation." Work and Occupations 19:128-56.
33. Malveaux, Julianne. 1990. "Gender Difference and Beyond: An Economic Perspective on Diversity and Commonality among Women." Pp. 226-38 in Theoretical Perspectives on Sexual Difference, edited by Deborah Rhode. Yale University Press.