Internal Simulation of Expected Sensory Experiences before Movements Get Started

Reviews in the Neurosciences

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 387-399

  Naito, Eiichi ^a   Sadato, Norihiro ^b  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cortical motor areas; Human subjects; Kinesthetic illusion; Motor imagery; Neuroimaging; Somatic perception; Voluntary movement

Indexed keywords

BODY POSTURE; BRAIN CORTEX; HUMAN; IMAGING; KINESTHESIA; LIMB MOVEMENT; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOTOR CORTEX; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORY SYSTEM; SIMULATION;

EID: 0344876579     PISSN: 03341763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/REVNEURO.2003.14.4.387     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Annett J. Motor imagery: perception or action? Neuropsychologia 1995; 33: 1395-1417.
2. Annett J. On knowing how to do things: a theory of motor imagery. Cogn Brain Res 1996; 3: 65-69.
3. Asanuma H, Larsen K, Yumiya H. Peripheral input pathways to the monkey motor cortex. Exp Brain Res 1980; 38: 349-355.
4. Beisteiner R, Hollinger P, Lindinger G, Lang W, Berthoz A. Mental representation of movements. Brain potentials associated with imagination of hand movements. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 96: 183-193.
5. Binkofski F, Amunts K, Stephan KM, Posse S, Schormann T, Freund H-J, Zilles K, Seitz RJ. Broca's region subserves imagery of motion: a combined cytoarchitectonic and fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2000; 11: 273-285.
6. 15O positron emission tomography study on mental imagery of movement sequences - the effect of modulating sequence length and direction. Neuroimage 2002; 17: 999-1009.
7. Bonnet M, Decety J, Jeannerod M, Requin J. Mental simulation of an action modulates the excitability of spinal reflex pathways in man. Cogn Brain Res 1997; 5: 221-228.
8. Brinkman J, Colebatch JG, Porter R, York DH. Responses of precentral cells during cooling of postcentral cortex in conscious monkeys. J Physiol (Lond) 1985; 368: 611-625.
9. Burke D, Gandevia SC, Macefield G. Responses to passive movement of receptors in joint, skin, and muscle of the human hand. J Physiol 1988; 401: 347-361.
10. Burke D, Hagbarth K, Lofstedt L, Wallin G. The responses of human muscle spindle endings to vibration of non-contracting muscles. J Physiol (Lond) 1976; 261: 673-693.
11. Cadoret G, Smith AM. Input-output properties of hand-related cells in the ventral cingulate cortex in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 1995; 73: 2584-2590.
12. Clark FJ, Burgess RC, Chapin JW, Lipscomb WT. Role of intramuscular receptors in the awareness of limb position. J Neurophysiol 1985; 54: 1529-1540.
13. Colebatch JG, Sayer RJ, Porter R, White OB. Responses of monkey precentral neurones to passive movements and phasic muscle stretch: relevance to man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990; 75: 44-55.
14. Collins DF, Prochazka A. Movement illusions evoked by ensemble cutaneous input from the dorsum of the human hand. J Physiol 1996; 496: 857-871.
15. Cordo P, Gurfinkel VS, Bevan L, Kerr GK. Proprioceptive consequences of tendon vibration during movement. J Neurophysiol 1995; 74: 1675-1688.
16. Crammond, DJ. Motor imagery: never in your wildest dream. Trends Neurosci 1997; 20: 54-57.
17. Craske B. Perception of impossible limb positions induced by tendon vibration. Science 1977; 196: 71-73.
18. Cunnington R, Iansek R, Bradshaw JL, Phillips JG. Movement-related potentials associated with movement preparation and motor imagery. Exp Brain Res 1996; 111: 429-436.
19. Danckert J, Rossetti Y, d'Amato T, Dalery J, Saoud M. Exploring imagined movements in patients with schizophrenia. NeuroReport 2002; 13: 605-609.
20. Decety J. Do imagined and executed actions share the same neural substrate? Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1996; 3: 87-93.
21. Decety J, Jeannerod M. Mentally simulated movements in virtual reality: Does Fitts's law hold in motor imagery? Behav Brain Res 1996; 72: 127-134.
22. Decety J, Jeannerod M, Prablanc C. The timing of mentally represented actions. Behav Brain Res 1989; 34: 35-42.
23. Decety J, Michel F. Comparative analysis of actual and mental movement times in two graphic tasks. Brain Cogn 1989; 11: 87-97.
24. Decety J, Perani D, Jeannerod M, Bettinardi V, Tadary B, Woods R, Mazziotta JC, Fazio F. Mapping motor representations with positron emission tomography. Nature 1994; 371: 600-602.
25. Decety J, Sjohohn H, Ryding E, Stenberg G, Ingvar DH. The cerebellum participates in mental activity: tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow. Brain Res 1990; 535: 313-317.
26. Deiber MP, Ibanez V, Honda M, Sadato N, Raman R, Hallett M. Cerebral processes related to visuomotor imagery and generation of simple finger movements studied with positron emission tomography. Neuroimage 1998; 7: 73-85.
27. Edin BB. Finger joint movement sensitivity of noncutaneous mechanoreceptor afferents in the human radial nerve. Exp Brain Res 1990; 82: 417-422.
28. Edin BB. Quantitative analysis of static strain sensitivity in human mechanoreceptors from hairy skin. J Neurophysiol 1992; 67: 1105-1113.
29. Edin BB, Abbs JH. Finger movement responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the dorsal skin of human hand. J Neurophysiol 1991; 65: 657-670.
30. Edin BB, Johansson N. Skin strain patterns provide kinaesthetic information to the human central nervous system. J Physiol 1995; 487: 243-251.
31. Edin BB, Vallbo AB. Stretch sensitization of human muscle spindles. J Physiol 1988; 400: 101-111.
32. Edin BB, Vallbo AB. Dynamic response of human muscle spindle afferents to stretch. J Neurophysiol 1990; 63: 1297-1306.
33. Ehrsson HH, Geyer S, Naito E. Imagery of voluntary movement of fingers, toes, and tongue activates corresponding body-part specific motor representations. J Neurophysiology; in press.
34. Facchini S, Muelbacher W, Battaglia F, Boroojerdi B, Hallett M. Focal enhancement of motor cortex excitability during motor imagery: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 105: 146-151.
35. Feltz DL, Landers DM. The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance. A meta-analysis. J Sport Psychol 1983; 5: 25-57.
36. Fetz EE, Finocchio DV. Correlations between activity of motor cortex cells and arm muscles during operantly conditioned response patterns. Exp Brain Res 1975; 23: 217-540.
37. Fetz EE, Finocchio DV, Baker MA, Soso MJ. Sensory and motor responses of precentral cortex cells during comparable passive and active joint movements. J Neurophysiol 1980; 43: 1070-1089.
38. Frak V, Paulignan Y, Jeannerod M. Orientation of the opposition axis in mentally simulated grasping. Exp Brain Res 2001; 136: 120-127.
39. Frederick WJC, Schwartz MP, Smit GP. Proprioceptive guidance of human voluntary wrist movements studied using muscle vibration. J Physiol 1990; 427: 455-470.
40. Fried I, Katz A, McCarthy G, Sass KJ, Williamson P, Spencer SS, Spencer DD. Functional organization of human supplementary motor cortex studied by electrical stimulation. J Neurosci 1991; 11: 3656-3666.
41. Frith C, Dolan RJ. Brain mechanisms associated with top-down processes in perception. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1997; 352: 1221-1230.
42. Gandevia SC. Illusory movements produced by electrical stimulation of low-threshold muscle afferents from the hand. Brain 1985; 108: 965-981.
43. Gandhi SP. Memory retrieval: reactivating sensory cortex. Curr Biol 2001; 11: R32-R34.
44. Gerardin E, Sirigu A, Lehericy S, Poline JB, Gaymard B, Marsault C, Agid Y, Bihan DL. Partially overlapping neural networks for real and imagined hand movements. Cereb Cortex 2000; 10: 1093-1104.
45. Goodwin GM, McCloskey DI, Matthews PBC. Proprioceptive illusions induced by muscle vibration: contribution by muscle spindles to perception? Science 1972; 175: 1382-1384.
46. Goodwin GM, McCloskey DI, Matthews PBC. The contribution of muscle afferents to kinesthesia shown by vibration induced illusions of movement and by the effects of paralysing joint afferents. Brain 1972; 95: 705-748.
47. Hashimoto R, Rothwell JC. Dynamic changes in corticospinal excitability during motor imagery. Exp Brain Res 1999; 125: 75-81.
48. Hore J, Preston JB, Durkovic RG, Cheney PD. Responses of cortical neurons (area 3a and 4) to ramp stretch of hindlimb muscles in the baboon. J Neurophysiol 1976; 39: 484-500.
49. Huerta MF, Pons TP. Primary motor cortex receives input from area 3a in macaque. Brain Res 1990; 537: 367-371.
50. Jeannerod M. The representing brain: neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behav Brain Sci 1994; 17: 187-245.
51. Jeannerod M. Mental imagery in the motor context. Neuropsychologia 1995; 33: 1419-1432.
52. Jeannerod M. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Action. Cambrige, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.
53. Jeannerod M, Decety J. Mental motor imagery: a window into the representational stages of action. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1995; 5: 727-732.
54. Jeannerod M, Frak V. Mental imaging of motor activity in humans. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1999; 9: 735-739.
55. Johansson RS, Landström U, Lundström R. Responses of mechanoreceptive afferent units in the glabrous skin of the human hand to sinusoidal skin displacement. Brain Res 1982; 244: 17-25.
56. Johnson SH. Imagining the impossible: intact motor representations in hemiplegics. NeuroReport 2000; 11: 729-732.
57. Johnson SH. Thinking ahead: the case for motor imagery in prospective judgements of prehension. Cognition 2000; 74: 33-70.
58. Jueptner M, Ottinger S, Fellows SJ, Adamschewski J, Flerich L, Muller SP, Diener HC, Thilmann AF, Weiller C. The relevance of sensory input for the cerebellar control of movements. Neuroimage 1997; 5: 41-48.
59. Kasai T, Kawai S, Kawanishi M, Yahagi S. Evidence for facilitation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by motor imagery. Brain Res 1997; 744: 147-150.
60. Kosslyn SM, Pascual-Leone A, Felician O, Camposano S, Keenan JP, Thompson WL, Ganis G, Sukel KE, Alpert NM. The role of area 17 in visual imagery: convergent evidence from PET and rTMS. Science 1999; 284: 167-170.
61. Kosslyn SM, Thompson WL, Alpert NM. Neural systems shared by visual imagery and visual perception: a positron emission tomography study. Neuroimage 1997; 6: 320-334.
62. Kosslyn SM, Thompson WL, Alpert NM. Mental rotation of object versus hands: neural mechanisms revealed by positron emission tomography. Psychophysiology 1998; 35: 151-161.
63. Kosslyn SM, Thompson WL, Kim IJ, Alpert NM. Topographical representations of mental images in primary visual cortex. Nature 1995; 378: 496-498.
64. Lemon RN. Functional properties of monkey motor cortex neurones receiving afferent input from the hand and fingers. J Physiol 1981; 311: 497-519.
65. Lemon RN. Variety of functional organization within the monkey motor cortex. J Physiol 1981; 311: 521-540.
66. Lemon RN, Hanby JA, Porter R. Relationship between the activity of precentral neurones during active and passive movements in conscious monkeys. Proc R Soc Lond B 1976; 194: 341-373.
67. Lemon RN, Porter R. Afferent input to movement-related precentral neurones in conscious monkeys. Proc R Soc Lond B 1976; 194: 313-339.
68. Lemon RN, Van Der Burg J. Short-latency peripheral inputs to thalamic neurons projecting the motor cortex in the monkey. Exp Brain Res 1979; 36: 445-462.
69. Leonardo M, Fieldman J, Sadato N, Campbell G, Ibanez V, Cohen L, Deiber M-P, Jezzard P, Pons T, Turner R, Le Bihan D, Hallet MA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of cortical regions associated with motor task execution and motor ideation in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 1995; 3: 83-92.
70. Lim SH, Dinner DS, Pillay PK, Luder H, Morris HH, Klem G, Wyllie E, Awad IA. Functional anatomy of the human supplementary sensorimotor area: results of extraoperative electrical stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994; 91: 179-193.
71. Lotze M, Montoya P, Erb M, Hulsmann E, Flor H, Klose U, Birbaumer N, Grodd W. Activation of cortical and cerebellar motor areas during executed and imagined hand movements: an fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 1999; 11: 491-501.
72. Luft AR, Skalej M, Stefanou A, Klose U, Voigt K. Comparing motion- and imagery-related activation in the human cerebellum: a functional MRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 1998; 6: 105-113.
73. Macefield G, Gandevia SC, Burke D. Perceptual responses to microstimulation of single afferents innervating joints, muscles and skin of the human hand. J Physiol 1990; 429: 113-129.
74. Mahoney MJ, Avener M. Psychology of the elite athlete. An explorative study. Cogn Ther Res 1987; 1: 135-141.
75. Naito, E. Controllability of motor imagery and transformation of visual imagery. Percept Mot Skills 1994; 78: 479-487.
76. Naito E, Ehrsson HH. Kinesthetic illusion of wrist movement activates motor-related areas. NeuroReport 2001; 12: 3805-3809.
77. Naito E, Ehrsson HH, Geyer S, Zilles K, Roland PE. Illusory arm movements activate cortical motor areas: a positron emission tomography study. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 6134-6144.
78. Naito E, Kochiyama T, Kitada R, Nakamura S, Matsumura M, Yonekura Y, Sadato N. Internally simulated movement sensations during motor imagery activate cortical motor, areas and the cerebellum. J Neurosci 2002; 22: 3683-3691.
79. Naito E, Matsumura M. Movement-related slow potentials during motor imagery and motor suppression in humans. Cogn Brain Res 1994; 2: 131-137.
80. Naito E, Roland PE, Ehrsson HH. I feel my hand moving: a new role of the primary motor cortex in somatic perception of limb movement. Neuron 2002; 36: 979-988.
81. Nishida T, Katube A, Inomata K, Okazawa Y, Ito M, Kayama S, Tsuruhara K, Yoshizawa Y. A new test for controllability of motor imagery: the examination of its validity and reliability. Jpn J Phys Educ 1986; 31: 13-22.
82. Nyberg L, Habib R, McIntosh AR, Tulving E. Reactivation of encoding-related brain activity during memory retrieval. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97; 11120-11124.
83. Nyberg L, Petersson KM, Nilsson L-G, Sandblom J, Aberg C, Ingvar M. Reactivation of motor brain areas during explicit memory for actions. Neuroimage 2001; 14: 521-528.
84. O'Craven K, Kanwisher N. Mental imagery of faces and places activates corresponding stimulus-specific brain regions. J Cogn Neurosci 2001; 12: 1013-1023.
85. Papaxanthis C, Pozzo T, Skoura X, Schieppati M. Does order and timing in performance of imagined and actual movements affect the motor imagery process? The duration of walking and writing task. Behav Brain Res 2002; 134: 209-215.
86. Papaxanthis C, Schieppati M, Gentili R, Pozzo T. Imagined and actual arm movements have similar durations when performed under different conditions of direction and mass. Exp Brain Res 2002; 143: 447-452.
87. Parsons LM. Imagined spatial transformations of one's hands and feet. Cogn Psychol 1987; 19: 178-241.
88. Parsons LM. Temporal and kinematic properties of motor behavior reflected in mentally simulated action. J Exp Psychol-Hum Percep Perf 1994; 20: 709-730.
89. Parsons LM, Fox PT. The neural basis of implicit movements used in recognising hand shape. Cogn Neuropsychol 1998; 15: 583-615.
90. Picard N, Strick PL. Motor areas of the medial wall: a review of their location and functional activation. Cereb Cortex 1996; 6: 342-353.
91. Picard N, Strick PL. Imaging the premotor areas. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001; 11: 663-672.
92. Porro CA, Francescato MP, Cettolo V, Diamond ME, Baraldi P, Zuiani C, Bazzocchi M, di Prampero PE. Primary motor and sensory cortex activation during motor performance and motor imagery: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 7688-7698.
93. Porter R, Lemon RN. Corticospinal Function and Voluntary Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
94. Ribot-Ciscar E, Roll JP. Ago-antagonist muscle spindle inputs contribute together to joint movement coding in man. Brain Res 1998; 791: 167-176.
95. Rijntjes M, Dettmers C, Buchel C, Kiebel S, Frackowiak RSJ, Weiller C. A blueprint for movement: functional and anatomical representations in the human motor system. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 8043-8048.
96. Rogers DK, Bendrups AP, Lewis MM. Disturbed proprioception following a period of muscle vibration in humans. Neurosci Lett 1985; 57: 147-152.
97. Roland PE. Brain Activation. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1993.
98. Roland PE, Larsen B, Lassen NA, Skinhoj E. Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in the organization of voluntary movements in man. J Neurophysiol 1980; 43: 118-136.
99. Roland PE, Skinhö E, Larsen B, Endo H. Perception and voluntary action: localization of basic input and output functions as revealed by regional cerebral blood flow increases in the human brain. In: Meyer JS, Lechner H, Reivich M. eds. Cerebal Vascular Disease. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1977; 41-44.
100. Roll JP, Vedel JP. Kinaesthetic role of muscle afferent in man, studied by tendon vibration and microneurography. Exp Brain Res 1982; 47: 177-190.
101. Roll JP, Vedel JP, Ribot E. Alteration of proprioceptive messages induced by tendon vibration in man: a microneurographic study. Exp Brain Res 1989; 76: 213-222.
102. Rosén I, Asanuma H. Peripheral afferent inputs to the forelimb area of the monkey motor cortex: input-output relations. Exp Brain Res 1972; 14: 257-273.
103. Rossi S, Pasqualetti P, Tecchio F, Pauri F, Rossini PM. Corticospinal excitability modulation during mental simulation of wrist movements in human subjects. Neurosci Lett 1998; 243: 147-151.
104. Rossini PM, Rossi S, Pasqualetti P, Tecchio F. Corticospinal excitability modulation to hand muscles during movement imagery. Cereb Cortex 1999; 9: 161-167.
105. Roth M, Decety J, Raybaudi M, Massarelli R, Delon M, Segebarth C, Morand S, Gemignani A, Decorps M, Jeannerod M. Possible involvement of primary motor cortex in mentally simulated movement: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. NeuroReport 1996; 7: 1280-1284.
106. Ruby P, Decety J. Effect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: a PET investigation of agency. Nat Neurosci 2001; 4: 546-550.
107. Sabbah P, Simond G, Levrier O, Habib M, Trabaud V, Murayama N, Mazoyer BM, Briant JF, Raybaud C, Salamon G. Functional magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T during sensorimotor and cognitive tasks. Eur Neurol 1995; 35: 131-136.
108. Sirigu A, Duhamel JR, Cohen L, Pillon B, Dubois B, Agid Y. The mental representation of hand movement after parietal cortex damage. Science 1996; 273: 1564-1568.
109. Stephan KM, Fink GR, Passingham RE, Silbersweig D, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Frith CD, Frackowiak RS. Functional anatomy of the mental representation of upper extremity movements in healthy subjects. J Neurophysiol 1995; 73: 373-386.
110. Stippich C, Ochmann H, Sartor K. Somatotopic mapping of the human primary sensorimotor cortex during motor imagery and motor execution by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosci Lett 2002; 331: 50-54.
111. Strick PL. Preston JB. Two representations of the hand in area 4 of a primate. II Somatosensory input organization. J Neurophysiol 1982; 48: 150-159.
112. Thobois S, Dominey PF, Decety J, Pollak P, Gregoire MC, Le Bars D, Broussolle E. Motor imagery in normal subjects and in asymmetrical Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2000; 55: 996-1002.
113. Tyszka JM, Grafton ST, Chew W, Woods RP, Colletti PM. Parceling of mesial frontal motor areas during ideation and movement using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 tesla. Ann Neurol 1994; 35: 746-749.
114. Vallbo AB. Afferent discharge from human muscle spindles in non-contracting muscle. Steady state impulse frequency as function of joint angle. Acta Physiol Scand 1974; 90: 303-318.
115. Vallbo AB, Olausson H, Wessberg J, Kakuda N. Receptive field characteristics of tactile units with myelinated afferents in hairy skin of human subjects. J Physiol 1995; 483: 783-795.
116. Weiller C, Juptner M, Fellows S, Rijntjes M, Leonhardt G, Kiebel S, Muller S, Diener HC, Thilmann AF. Brain representation of active and passive movements. Neuroimage 1996; 4: 105-110.
117. Wheeler ME, Petersen SE, Buckner RL. Memory's echo: vivid remembering reactivates sensory-specific cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 11125-11129.
118. Wong YC, Kwan HC, MacKay WA, Murphy JT. Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. I. Somatosensroy inputs. J Neurophysiol 1978; 41: 1107-1119.
119. Yousry TA, Schmid UD, Alkadhi H, Schmidt D, Peraud A, Buettner A, Winkler P. Localization of the motor hand area to a knob on the precentral gyrus. A new landmark. Brain 1997; 120: 141-157.
120. Yue G, Cole KJ. Strength increases from the motor program: comparison of training with maximal voluntary and imagined muscle contractions. J Neurophysiol 1992; 67: 1114-1123.