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We congratulate K. B. Sharpless, R. Noyori, and W. S. Knowles for being awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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Spectroscopic,24a crystallographic,24b computational,24c,d calorimetric,24e and kinetic24f studies have shown that LiHMDS and related hindered lithium amide dimers contain one ligand per lithium irrespective of the choice of ligand. (a) Romesberg, F. E.; Gilchrist, J. H.; Harrison, A. T.; Fuller, D. J.; Collum, D. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5751. Lucht, B. L.; Collum, D. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9863.
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The concentration of the lithium amide, although expressed in units of molarity, refers to the concentration of the monomer unit (normality). The concentration of the amine refers to the total concentration of the amine added. In cases where the degree of binding is known either quantitative (Type I amines) or undetectable (Type III and IV amines), the concentration of the free amine is readily ascertained.
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An 8-fold increase in amine concentration can produce <8-fold rate increases when the following occurs: (1) the lower and higher Type II amine concentrations lie on the concentration-dependent and -independent regions of the saturation curve, respectively, and (2) the nonzero intercept for a highly hindered Type III amine is significant.
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