Eye movements in reading isolated words: Evidence for strong biases towards the center of the screen

Vision Research

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 321-338

  Vitu, Françoise ^a   Kapoula, Zoi ^a   Lancelin, Denis ^a   Lavigne, Frédéric ^b  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CÔTE D'AZUR   (France)

Author keywords

Direction perception; Global effect; Reading; Saccadic eye movements; Straight ahead

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE POSITION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; READING; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; VISION; VISUAL STIMULATION; WORD RECOGNITION;

EID: 0344430114     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2003.06.002     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Becker W. The control of eye movements in the saccadic system. Bibliotheca Ophthalmologica. 82:1972;233-243.
2. Becker W., Jurgens R. An analysis of the saccadic system by means of double step stimuli. Vision Research. 19:1979;967-983.
3. Brysbaert M., Vitu F. Word skipping: implications for theories of eye movement control in reading. Underwood G. Eye guidance in reading, driving, and scene perception. 1998;125-147 Elsevier, Oxford.
4. Coëffé C., O'Regan J.K. Reducing the influence of non-target stimuli on saccade accuracy: predictability and latency effects. Vision Research. 27:1987;227-240.
5. Coren S., Hoenig P. Effects of non-target stimuli upon length of volontary saccades. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 34:1972;499-508.
6. Cornsweet T.N., Crane H.D. Accurate two-dimensional eye tracker using first and fourth Purkinje images. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 63:1973;6-13.
7. Deubel H., Wolf W., Hauske G. The evaluation of the oculomotor error signal. Gale A.G., Johnson F.W. Theoretical and applied aspects of eye movement research. 1984;55-62 North Holland, Amsterdam.
8. Dunn-Rankin P. The visual characteristics of words. Scientific American. 238:1978;122-130.
9. Eggert T., Kapoula Z. Position dependency of rapidly induced saccade disconjugacy. Vision Research. 35(23/24):1995;3493-3503.
10. Ferreira F., Henderson J. Reading processes during syntactic analysis and reanalysis. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology. 47(2):1993;247-275.
11. Findlay J.M. Direction perception and human fixation eye movements. Vision Research. 14:1974;703-711.
12. Findlay J.M. Global visual processing for saccadic eye movements. Vision Research. 22:1982;1033-1045.
13. Findlay J.M., Kapoula Z. Scrutinization, spatial attention, and the spatial programming of saccadic eye movements. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 45A(4):1992;633-647.
14. Findlay J., Walker R. A model of saccade generation based on parallel processing and competitive inhibition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 22(4):1999;661-720.
15. Frost D., Pöppel E. Different programming modes of human saccadic eye movements as a function of stimulus eccentricity: indications of a functional subdivision of the visual field. Biological Cybernetics. 23:1976;39-48.
16. Heywood Assymetries related to cerebral dominance in returning the eyes to specified target positions in the dark. Vision Research. 13:1973;81-94.
17. Howard I.P. Human visual orientation. 1982;John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
18. Just M.A., Carpenter P.A. A theory of reading: from eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review. 87:1980;329-354.
19. Kapoula Z. Evidence for a range effect in the saccadic system. Vision Research. 25(8):1985;1155-1157.
20. Kapoula Z., Robinson D.A. Saccadic undershoot is not inevitable: saccades can be accurate. Vision Research. 26(5):1986;735-743.
21. Kowler E., Pizlo Z., Zhu G.-L., Erkelens C.J., Steinman R.M., Collewijn H. Coordination of head and eyes during the performance of natural (and unnatural) visual tasks. Berthoz A., Graf W., Vidal P.P. The Head-Neck Sensory Motor System. 1991;Oxford University Press, N.Y.
22. Leigh J.R., Zee D.S. The neurology of eye movements. 1999;Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
23. Matin L. Eye movements and perceived visual direction. Autrum H.et al. Handbook of sensory physiology. Vol. 7/4: Visual psychophysics. 1972;Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
24. Matin L., Kibler G. Acuity of visual perception of direction in the dark for various positions of the eye in the orbit. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 22:1966;407-420.
25. McConkie G.W., Kerr P.W., Reddix M.D., Zola D. Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Research. 28(10):1988;1107-1118.
26. O'Regan J.K. Eye guidance in reading. Evidence for the linguistic control hypothesis. Perception and Psychophysics. 25:1979;501-509.
27. O'Regan J.K. Retinal versus extraretinal influences in flash localization during saccadic eye movements in the presence of a visible background. Perception & Psychophysics. 36(1):1984;1-14.
28. O'Regan J.K. Eye movements and reading. Kowler E. Eye movements and their role in visual and cognitive processes. 1990;395-453 Elsevier.
29. O'Regan J.K. Optimal viewing position in words and the strategy-tactics theory of eye movements in reading. Rayner K. Eye movements and visual cognition: scene perception and reading. 1992;333-354 Springer-Verlag, New York.
30. Poulton E.C. Human manual control. Brooks V.B. Handbook of physiology. Vol. II, Part 2:1981;1337-1389 Am. Physiol. Soc., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
31. Rayner K. Eye guidance in reading: fixation location within words. Perception. 8:1979;21-30.
32. Rayner K., Fischer M.H. Mindless reading revisited: eye movements during reading and scanning are different. Perception & Psychophysics. 58(5):1996;734-747.
33. Reichle E.D., Pollatsek A., Fisher D.L., Rayner K. Toward a model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review. 105(1):1998;125-157.
34. Seo H., Lee C. Head-free reading of horizontally and vertically arranged texts. Vision Research. 42:2002;1325-1337.
35. Trésor de la Langue Française (1971). Nancy: CNRS.
36. Van Rensbergen, J., & de Troy, A. (1993). A reference guide for the Leuven dual-PC controlled Purkinje eyetracking system. Technical Report, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven.
37. Vitu F. The existence of a center of gravity effect during reading. Vision Research. 31(7/8):1991;1289-1313.
38. Vitu F. The influence of the reading rhythm on the optimal landing position effect. d'Ydewalle G., Van Rensbergen J. Perception and cognition: advances in eye movement research. 1993;181-192 North Holland, Amsterdam.
39. Vitu F., McConkie G.W., Kerr P., O'Regan J.K. Fixation location effects on fixation durations during reading: an inverted optimal viewing position effect. Vision Research. 41(25-26):2001;3511-3531.
40. Vitu F., O'Regan J.K., Inhoff A.W., Topolski R. Mindless reading: eye movement characteristics are similar in scanning strings and reading texts. Perception & Psychophysics. 57:1995;352-364.
41. Vitu F., O'Regan J.K., Mittau M. Optimal landing position in reading isolated words and continuous text. Perception & Psychophysics. 47(6):1990;583-600.
42. Viviani P., Swensson R.G. Saccadic eye movements to peripherally discriminated visual targets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 8(1):1982;113-126.
43. Zingale C., Kowler E. Planning sequences of saccades. Vision Research. 27(8):1987;1327-1341.