From individuals to populations: Prey fish risk-taking mediates mortality in whole-system experiments

Ecology

Volumn 84, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 2419-2431

  Biro, Peter A ^a   Post, John R ^a   Parkinson, Eric A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Activity; Antipredator behavior; Habitat use; Mortality; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Population consequences; Predation; Rainbow trout; Risk taking; Trade off

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIOR; MORTALITY; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PREDATION RISK; TRADE-OFF;

MYKISS; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 0344153750     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/02-0416     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Abrams, P. A. 1984. Foraging time optimization and interactions in food webs. American Naturalist 124:80-96.
2. Abrams, P. A. 1990. The effects of adaptive behavior on the type-2 functional response. Ecology 71:877-885.
3. Abrams, P. A. 1991. The relationship between food availability and foraging effort: effects of life history and time scale. Ecology 72:1242-1252.
4. Abrams, P. A. 1993a. Optimal traits when there are several costs: the interaction of mortality and energy costs in determining foraging behavior. Behavioural Ecology 4:246-253.
5. Abrams, P. A. 1993b. Why predation rate should not be proportional to predator density. Ecology 74:726-733.
6. Anholt, B. R. 1997. How should we test for the role of behaviour in population dynamics? Evolutionary Ecology 11: 633-640.
7. Anholt, B. R., and E. E. Werner. 1995. Interaction between food availability and predation mortality mediated by adaptive behavior. Ecology 76:2230-2234.
8. Anholt, B. R., and E. E. Werner. 1998. Predictable changes in predation mortality as a consequence of changes in food availability and predation risk. Evolutionary Ecology 12: 729-738.
9. Anholt, B. R., E. E. Werner, and D. K. Skelly. 2000. Effect of food and predators on the activity of four larval ranid frogs. Ecology 81:3509-3521.
10. Beckerman, A. P., M. Uriarte, and O. J. Schmitz. 1997. Experimental evidence for a behavior-mediated trophic cascade in a terrestrial food chain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 94:10735-10738.
11. Biro, P. A. 1996. Space-use by juvenile brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) in lakes: the central-place territorial model does not apply. M.S. Thesis. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
12. Biro, P. A. 2003. Population consequences of behaviorally mediated tradeoffs between growth and mortality in age-0 rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss) cohorts. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
13. Biro, P. A., J. R. Post, and E. A. Parkinson. 2003. Population consequences of a predator-induced habitat shift by trout in whole-lake experiments. Ecology 84:691-700.
14. Biro, P. A., and M. S. Ridgway. 1995. Individual variation in foraging movements in a lake population of young-of-the-year brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis). Behaviour 120: 1-12.
15. Biro, P. A., M. S. Ridgway, and D. L. G. Noakes. 1997. The central-place territorial model does not apply to space-use by juvenile brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) in lakes. Journal of Animal Ecology 66:837-845.
16. Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 1998. Model selection and inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
17. Carpenter, S. R. 1996. Microcosm experiments have limited relevance for community and ecosystem ecology. Ecology 77:677-680.
18. De Roos, A. M., K. Leonardsson, L. Persson, and G. G. Mittelbach. 2002. Ontogenetic niche shifts and flexible behavior in size-structured populations. Ecological Monographs 72:271-292.
19. De Roos, A. M., and L. Persson. 2001. Physiologically structured models - from versatile technique to ecological theory. Oikos 94:51-71.
20. Diehl, S., and P. Eklov. 1995. Effects of piscivore-mediated habitat use on resources, diet, and growth of perch. Ecology 76:1712-1726.
21. Dill, L. M., and A. H. G. Fraser. 1984. Risk of predation and the feeding behavior of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 16: 65-71.
22. Dunbrack, R. L., and L. A. Giguere. 1987. Adaptive responses to accelerating costs of movement: a bioenergetic basis for the type-III functional response. American Naturalist 130:147-160.
23. Fryxell, J. M., and P. Lundberg. 1997. Individual behavior and community dynamics. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
24. Grant, J. W., and D. L. G. Noakes. 1987. Movers and stayers: foraging tactics of young-of-the-year brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis. Journal of Animal Ecology 56:1001-1013.
25. Helfman, G. S. 1990. Mode selection and mode switching in foraging animals. Advances in the Study of Behavior 19:249-298.
26. Hilborn, R., and M. Mangel. 1997. The ecological detective: confronting models with data. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
27. Huang, C., and A. Sin. 1991. Experimental studies on direct and indirect interactions in a three-trophic-level system. Oecologia 85:530-536.
28. Johnsson, J. 1993. Big and brave: size selection affects foraging under risk of predation in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Animal Behaviour 45:1219-1225.
29. Landry, F. 1997. Direct and indirect effects of interference competition in size-structured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations. Thesis. University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
30. Landry, F., J. R. Post, and E. A. Parkinson. 1999. Spatial ontogeny of lentic age-0 rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: whole lake manipulations of population size structure. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56: 1916-1928.
31. Lima, S. L. 1998. Stress and decision-making under the risk of predation: recent developments from behavioral, reproductive, and ecological perspectives. Advances in the Study of Behavior 27:215-290.
32. Lima, S. L., and P A. Zollner. 1996. Towards a behavioral ecology of ecological landscapes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11:131-135.
33. Lundvall, D., R. Svanback, L. Persson, and P. Bystrom. 1999. Size-dependent predation in piscivores: interactions between predator foraging and prey avoidance abilities. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56:1285-1292.
34. Lynott, S. T., S. D. Bryan, T. D. Hill, and W. G. Duffy. 1995. Monthly and size-related changes in the diet of rainbow trout in Lake Oahe, South Dakota. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 10:399-407.
35. Martel, G., and L. M. Dill. 1995. Influence of movement by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) parr on their detection by common mergansers (Mergus merganser). Ethology 99: 139-149.
36. McLaughlin, R. L., J. W. A. Grant, and D. L. Kramer. 1994. Foraging movements in relation to morphology, water-column use, and diet for recently-emerged brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in still-water pools. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51:268-279.
37. McNamara, J. M., and A. I. Houston. 1987. Starvation and predation as factors limiting population size. Ecology 68: 1515-1519.
38. McNamara, J. M., and A. I. Houston. 1994. The effect of a change in foraging options on intake rate and predation rate. American Naturalist 144:978-1000.
39. Metcalfe, N. B., F. A. Huntingford, and J. E. Thorpe. 1987. The influence of predation risk on the feeding motivation and foraging strategy of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Animal Behaviour 35:901-911.
40. Peckarsky, B. L., and A. R. McIntosh. 1998. Fitness and community consequences of predator-induced changes in mayfly behavior. Oecologia 113:565-576.
41. Persson, L., J. Andersson, E. Wahlstrom, and P. Eklov. 1996. Size-specific interactions in lake systems: predator gape limitation and prey growth rate and mortality. Ecology 77: 900-911.
42. Persson, L., P. Bystrom, E. Wahlstrom, J. Andersson, and J. Hjelm. 1999. Interactions among size-structured populations in a whole-lake experiment: size-and scale-dependent processes. Oikos 87:139-156.
43. Post, J. R. 1984. Planktivorous fish and the structure of pelagic plankton communities. Thesis. York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
44. Post, J. R., and E. A. Parkinson. 2001. Energy allocation strategy in young fish: allometry and survival. Ecology 82: 1040-1051.
45. Post, J. R., E. A. Parkinson, and N. T. Johnston. 1998. Spatial and temporal variation in risk to piscivory of age-0 rainbow trout: patterns and population consequences. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127:932-942.
46. Post, J. R., E. A. Parkinson, and N. T. Johnston. 1999. Density-dependent processes in structured fish populations: assessment of interaction strengths in whole-lake experiments. Ecological Monographs 69:155-175.
47. SAS Institute. 1998. SAS/STAT user's guide. Version 8.0. Volume 1. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
48. Schmitz, O. J. 1998. Direct and indirect effects of predation and predation risk in old-field interaction webs. American Naturalist 151:327-342.
49. Schmitz, O. J. 2001. From interesting details to dynamical relevance: toward more effective use of empirical insights in theory construction. Oikos 94:39-50.
50. Sutherland, W. J. 1996. From individual behaviour to population ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
51. Taylor, E. B., and J. D. McPhail. 1985. Burst swimming and size-related predation of newly emerged coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114:546-551.
52. Tonn, W. M., C. A. Paszkowski, and I. J. Holopainen. 1992. Piscivory and recruitment: mechanisms structuring prey populations in small lakes. Ecology 73:951-958.
53. Turner, A. M., and G. G. Mittelbach. 1990. Predator avoidance and community structure: interactions among piscivores, planktivores and plankton. Ecology 71:2241-2254.
54. Walters, C. J., and F. Juanes. 1993. Recruitment limitation as a consequence of natural selection for use of restricted feeding habitats and predation risk taking by juvenile fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50: 2058-2070.
55. Werner, E. E., and B. R. Anholt. 1993. Ecological consequences of the trade-off between growth and mortality rates mediated by foraging activity. American Naturalist 142: 242-272.
56. Werner, E. E., and B. R. Anholt. 1996. Predator-induced behavioral indirect effects: consequences to competitive interactions in anuran larvae. Ecology 77:157-169.
57. Werner, E. E., and J. F. Gilliam. 1984. The ontogenetic niche shift and species interactions in size-structured populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15:393-425.
58. Werner, E. E., J. F. Gilliam, D. J. Hall, and G. G. Mittelbach. 1983. An experimental test of the effects of predation risk on habitat use in fish. Ecology 64:1540-1548.
59. Werner, E. E., and D. J. Hall. 1988. Ontogenetic habitat shifts in bluegill: the foraging rate-predation risk trade-off. Ecology 69:1352-1366.
60. Wetzel, W. 1983. Limnology. Saunders, New York, New York, USA.