Formulation of turbulent fluxes in the stable boundary layer

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 60, Issue 20, 2003, Pages 2538-2548

  Mahrt, L ^a   Vickers, Dean ^a  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYERS; DATA REDUCTION; HEAT FLUX;

SURFACE LAYERS; TURBULENT FLUXES;

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE;

HEAT TRANSFER; INVERSION LAYER; MIXING; MOMENTUM TRANSFER; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY LAYER; TURBULENCE;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0344121298     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2538:FOTFIT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Arya, S. P., 1998: Introduction to Micrometeorology. Academic Press, 420 pp.
2. Ballard, S. P., B. W. Golding, and R. N. B. Smith, 1991: Mesoscale model experimental forecasts of the Haar of northeast Scotland. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2107-2123.
3. Beljaars, A. C. M., and A. A. M. Holtslag, 1991: Flux parameterization over land surfaces for atmospheric models. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 327-341.
4. Beyrich, F., 1997: Mixing height estimation from sodar-A critical discussion. Atmos. Environ., 21, 3941-3953.
5. Blackadar, A. K., 1957: Boundary layer wind maxima and their significance for the growth of nocturnal inversions. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 38, 283-290.
6. Blackadar, A. K., 1962: The vertical distribution of wind and turbulent exchange in a neutral atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 67, 3095-3102.
7. Brost, R. A., and J. C. Wyngaard, 1978: A model study of the stably stratified planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1427-1440.
8. Burns, S., J. Sun, A. C. Delany, T. W. Horst, and S. P. Oncley, 2003: A field intercomparison technique to improve the relative acccuracy of longwave radiation measurements and an evaluation of CASES-99 pyrgeometer data quality. J. Atmos Oceanic Technol., 20, 348-361.
9. Chimonas, G., 2002: On internal gravity waves associated with the stable boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 102, 139-155.
10. Cuxart, J. C., and Coauthors, 2000: Stable Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Experiment in Spain (SABLE 98): A report. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 96, 337-370.
11. Delage, Y., 1974: A numerical study of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 100, 351-364.
12. Delage, Y., P. A. Bartlett, and J. H. McCaughey, 2002: Study of "soft" night-time surface-layer decoupling over forest canopies in a land surface model. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 103, 253-276.
13. Derbyshire, S., 1999: Boundary-layer decoupling over cold surfaces as a physical boundary-instability. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 90, 297-325.
14. Dyer, A. J., 1974: A review of flux-profile relationships. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 7, 363-372.
15. Garratt, J. R., 1992: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Cambridge University Press, 316 pp.
16. Ha, K.-J., and L. Mahrt, 2001: Simple inclusion of z-less turbulence within and above the modeled nocturnal boundary layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2136-2143.
17. Hicks, B. B., 1978: Some limitations of dimensional analysis and power laws. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 14, 567-569.
18. Ḧogstr̈om, U., 1996: Review of some basic characteristics of the atmospheric surface layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 78, 215-246.
19. Kim, J., and L. Mahrt, 1992: Simple formulation of turbulent mixing in the stable free atmosphere and nocturnal boundary layer. Tellus, 44A, 381-394.
20. Mahrt, L., 1999: Stratified atmospheric boundary layers. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 90, 375-396.
21. Mahrt, L., and D. Vickers, 2002: Contrasting vertical structures of nocturnal boundary layers. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 105, 351-363.
22. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Obukhov, 1954: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the atmosphere near the ground. Tr. Akad. Nauk SSSR Geofiz. Inst., 24, 163-187.
23. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Yaglom, 1971: Statistical Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 1., Mechanics of Turbulence, MIT Press, 769 pp.
24. Monti, P., H. J. S. Fernando, M. Princevac, W. C. Chan, T. A. Kowalewski, and E. R. Pardyjak, 2002: Observations of flow and turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer over a slope. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2513-2534.
25. Nappo, C. J., 1991: Sporadic breakdown of stability in the PBL over simple and complex terrain. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 54, 69-87.
26. Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., 1984: The turbulent structure of the stable, nocturnal boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2202-2216.
27. Ohya, Y., 2001: Wind-tunnel study of atmospheric stable boundary layers over a rough surface. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 98, 57-82.
28. Ostdick, V., and W. Blumen, 1997: A dynamic trio: Inertial oscillation, deformation frontogenesis, and the Ekman-Taylor boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1490-1502.
29. Poulos, G. S., and Coauthors, 2002: CASES-99: A comprehensive investigation of the stable nocturnal boundary layer. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 757-779.
30. Raupach, M. R., 1994: Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement as functions of canopy height and area index. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 71, 211-216.
31. Savij̈arvi, H., and J. Kauhanen, 2002: High resolution numerical simulations of temporal and vertical variability in the stable wintertime boreal boundary layer: A case study. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 70, 97-103.
32. Smedman, A.-S., 1988: Observations of a multi-level turbulence structure in a very stable atmospheric boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 44, 231-253.
33. Smedman, A.-S., H. Tjernstr̈om, and U. Ḧogstr̈om, 1993: Analysis of the turbulence structure of a marine low-level jet. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 66, 105-126.
34. Sorbjan, Z., 1986: On similarity in the atmospheric boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 34, 377-398.
35. Sorbjan, Z., 1988: Structure of the stably-stratified boundary layer during the SESAME-1979 experiment. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 44, 255-266.
36. Sorbjan, Z., 1989: Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Prentice Hall, 317 pp.
37. Stull, R. B., 1990: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer Academic, 666 pp.
38. Sun, J., 1999: Diurnal variation of thermal roughness height over a grassland. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 92, 407-427.
39. Sun, J., and Coauthors, 2003: Intermittent turbulence associated with a density current passage in the stable boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 105, 199-219.
40. Therry, G., and P. Lacarrere, 1983: Improving the eddy kinetic energy model for p.b.l. description, Bound.-Layer Meteor., 25, 63-88.
41. Troen, I., and L. Mahrt, 1986: A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer: Sensitivity to surface evaporation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 37, 129-148.
42. Vickers, D., and L. Mahrt, 1997: Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 512-526.
43. Vickers, D., and L. Mahrt, 1999: Observations of nondimensional shear in the coastal zone. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 2685-2702.
44. Vickers, D., and L. Mahrt, 2003: The cospectral gap and turbulent flux calculations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 660-672.
45. Wyngaard, J. C., 1973: On surface-layer turbulence. Workshop on Micrometeorology. D. A. Haugen, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101-149.
46. Zilitinkevich, S., and D. Mironov, 1996: A multi-limit formulation for the equilibrium depth of a stably stratified boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 81, 325-351.