The Role of Constraints in Expert Memory

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1082-1094

  Gobet, Fernand ^a,d   Waters, Andrew J ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^d BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GAME; HUMAN; LEARNING; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; MOTIVATION; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECALL;

ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FEMALE; GAME THEORY; GAMES, EXPERIMENTAL; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MOTIVATION; ORIENTATION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PRACTICE (PSYCHOLOGY); PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RETENTION (PSYCHOLOGY);

EID: 0344111516     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.29.6.1082     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Anderson, J. R. (1990). The adaptive character of thought. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1973). Human associative memory. Washington, DC: Winston.
3. Brunswik, E. (1956). Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
4. Charness, N. (1976). Memory for chess positions: Resistance to interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 2, 641-653.
5. Charness, N. (1981a). Search in chess: Age and skill differences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 467-476.
6. Charness, N. (1981b). Visual short-term memory and aging in chess players. Journal of Gerontology, 36, 615-619.
7. Chase, W. G., & Ericsson, K. A. (1982). Skill and working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 16, pp. 1-58). New York: Academic Press.
8. Cooke, N. J., Atlas, R. S., Lane, D. M., & Berger, R. C. (1993). The role of high-level knowledge in memory for chess positions. American Journal of Psychology, 106, 321-351.
9. de Groot, A. D. (1978). Thought and choice in chess (G. W. Baylor, Trans.). The Hague, the Netherlands: Mouton Publishers. (Original work published 1946)
10. de Groot, A. D., & Gobet, F. (1996). Perception and memory in chess. Studies in the heuristics of the professional eye. Assen, the Netherlands: Van Gorcum.
11. Ekstrom, R. B., French, J. W., & Harman, H. H. (1979). Cognitive factors: Their identification and replication. Multivariate Behavioral Research Monographs, 79(2).
12. Ekstrom, R. B., French, J. W., Harman, H. H., & Derman, D. (1976). Kit of factor-referenced cognitive tests, Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
13. Ericsson, K. A. (Ed.). (1996). The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports, and games. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
14. Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995). Long-term working memory. Psychological Review, 102, 211-245.
15. Ericsson, K. A., Patel, V. L., & Kintsch, W. (2000). How experts' adaptations to representative task demands account for the expertise effect in memory recall: Comment on Vicente and Wang (1998). Psychological Review, 107, 578-592.
16. Ericsson, K. A., & Staszewski, J. J. (1989). Skilled memory and expertise: Mechanisms of exceptional performance. In D. Klahr & K. Kotovsky (Eds.), Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert A. Simon (pp. 253-267). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. Feigenbaum, E. A., & Simon, H. A. (1984). EPAM-like models of recognition and learning. Cognitive Science, 8, 305-336.
18. Frydman, M., & Lynn, R. (1992). The general intelligence and spatial abilities of gifted young Belgian chess players. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 233-235.
19. Gibson, E. J. (1969). Principles of perceptual learning and development. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
20. Gibson, J. J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
21. Gobet, F. (1993). Les mémoires d'un joueur d'échecs [Chess players' memories]. Fribourg, Switzerland: Editions Universitaires.
22. Gobet, F. (1997). Roles of pattern recognition and search in expert problem solving. Thinking and Reasoning, 3, 291-313.
23. Gobet, F. (1998). Expert memory: Comparison of four theories. Cognition, 66, 115-152.
24. Gobet, F., & Jansen, P. (1994). Towards a chess program based on a model of human memory. In H. J. van den Herik, I. S. Herschberg, & J. W. H. M. Uiterwijk (Eds.), Advances in Computer Chess 7 (pp. 398-403). Maastricht, the Netherlands: University of Limburg Press.
25. Gobet, P., Lane, P. C., Croker, S., Cheng, P. C., Jones, G., Oliver, I., & Pine, J. M. (2001). Chunking mechanisms in human learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 236-243.
26. Gobet, F., & Simon, H. A. (1996a). Recall of random and distorted positions: Implications for the theory of expertise. Memory & Cognition, 24, 493-503.
27. Gobet, F., & Simon, H. A. (1996b). Recall of rapidly presented random chess positions is a function of skill. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 159-163.
28. Gobet, F., & Simon, H. A. (1996c). Templates in chess memory: A mechanism for recalling several boards. Cognitive Psychology, 31, 1-40.
29. Gobet, F., & Simon, H. A. (1998). Expert chess memory: Revisiting the chunking hypothesis. Memory, 6, 225-255.
30. Gobet, F., & Simon, H. A. (2000). Five seconds or sixty? Presentation time in expert memory. Cognitive Science, 24, 651-682.
31. Grant, D. A. (1962). Testing the null hypothesis and the strategy and tactics of investigating theoretical models. Psychology Review, 69, 54-61.
32. Holding, D. H. (1985). The psychology of chess skill. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
33. Meehl, P. E. (1967). Theory testing in psychology and physics: A methodological paradox. Philosophy of Science, 34, 103-115.
34. Newell, A. (1990). Unified theories of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
35. Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
36. Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child. New York: Basic Books.
37. Rasmussen, J. (1985). The role of hierarchical knowledge representation in decision making and system management. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-15, 234-243.
38. Richman, H. B., & Simon, H. A. (1989). Context effects in letter perception: Comparison of two theories. Psychological Review, 96, 417-432.
39. Richman, H. B., Staszewski, J. J., & Simon, H. A. (1995). Simulation of expert memory using EPAM IV. Psychological Review, 102, 305-330.
40. Schulz, R., & Salthouse, T. A. (1999). Adult development and aging: Myths and emerging realities (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
41. Siegler, R. S. (1999). Strategic development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 430-435.
42. Simon, H. A. (1969). The sciences of the artificial. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
43. Simon, H. A., & Chase, W. G. (1973). Skill in chess. American Scientist, 61, 394-403.
44. Simon, H. A., & Gilmartin, K. J. (1973). A simulation of memory for chess positions. Cognitive Psychology, 5, 29-46.
45. Simon, H. A., & Gobet, F. (2000). Expertise effects in memory recall: Comment on Vicente and Wang (1998). Psychological Review, 107, 593-600.
46. Vicente, K. J. (2000). Revisiting the Constraint Attunement Hypothesis: A reply to Ericsson, Patel, and Kintsch (2000), and Simon and Gobet (2000). Psychological Review, 107, 601-608.
47. Vicente, K. J., & Wang, J. H. (1998). An ecological theory of expertise effects in memory recall. Psychological Review, 105, 33-57.
48. Waters, A. J., Gobet, F., & Leyden, G. (2002). Visuo-spatial abilities in chess players. British Journal of Psychology, 93, 557-565.