The effects of light quality, nitrate concentration and presence of bracteoles on germination of different fruit types in the heterocarpous Atriplex sagittata

Journal of Ecology

Volumn 89, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 149-158

  Mandák, Bohumil ^a   Pyšek, Petr ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF BOTANY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Atriplex sagittata; Bracteoles; Chenopodiaceae; Fruit size; Germination; Heterocarpy; Nitrate; Red: far red ratio

Indexed keywords

CANOPY; COLD TREATMENT; FRUIT DEVELOPMENT; GERMINATION; LIGHT INTENSITY; LIGHT; NITRATE; PLANT ECOLOGY; RAIN; RIPENING; SEASON; SEED DORMANCY; SOIL QUALITY;

FRUIT; GERMINATION; LIGHT EFFECT; NITRATE;

ATRIPLEX SAGITTATA;

EID: 0343930742     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00537.x     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Aellen, P. (1960) Atriplex. Illustrierte Flora Von Mitteleuropa (ed. G. Hegi), 3/2, 664-693. München, Germany. (in German).
2. Baar, H. (1912) Zur anatomie und Keimumgsphysiologie heteromorpher Samen von Chenopodium album und Atriplex nitens. Sitzber. Kais. Akad Wiss. Wien. Math. Naturw., 72, 21-40.
3. Beadle, N.C.W. (1952) Studies on halophytes. I. The germination of the seeds and establishment of the seedlings of five species of Atriplex in Australia. Ecology, 33, 49-62.
4. Bewley, J.D. & Black, M. (1982) Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds, Vol. 2. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
5. Black, J.N. (1958) Competition between plants of different initial seed sizes in swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) with particular references to leaf area and the light microclimate. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 9, 299-318.
6. Cheplick, G.P. (1992) Sibling competition in plants. Journal of Ecology, 80, 567-575.
7. Cheplick, G.P. & Quinn, J.A. (1982) Amphicarpum purshii and the 'pessimistic strategy' in amphicarpic annuals with subterranean fruit. Oecologia, 52, 327-332.
8. Cheplick, G.P. & Quinn, J.A. (1983) The shift in aerial/subterranean fruit ratio in Amphicarpum purshii: causes and significance. Oecologia, 57, 374-379.
9. Ellenberg, H. (1988) Vegetation ecology of Central Europe, edn 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
10. Ellison, A.M. (1987) Effect of seed dimorphism on the density-dependent dynamics of experimental populations of Atriplex triangularis (Chenopodiaceae). American Journal of Botany, 74, 1280-1288.
11. Ellner, S.P. (1985) ESS germination strategies in randomly varying environments. I. Logistic type models. Theoretical Population Biology, 28, 50-79.
12. Ellner, S.P. & Schmida, A. (1984) Seed dispersal in relation to habitats in the genus Picris (Compositae) in Mediterranean and arid regions. Israel Journal of Botany, 33, 25-39.
13. Fenner, M., ed. (1992) Seeds - the Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. CAB International, Wallingford.
14. Grubb, P.J. (1977) The maintenance of species richness in plant communities: the importance of regeneration niche. Biological Review, 52, 107-145.
15. Harper, J.L. (1977) Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, London.
16. Hendry, G.A.F., Grime, J.P. (1993) Methods in Comparative Plant Ecology. A Laboratory Manual. Chapman & Hall, London.
17. Hilhorst, H.W.M. & Karssen, C.M. (1988) Dual effect of light on the gibberellin and nitrate-stimulated seeds of Sisymbrium officinale and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology, 86, 591-597.
18. Khan, M.A. & Ungar, I.A. (1984) The effect of salinity and temperature on the germination of polymorphic seeds and growth of Atriplex triangularis Willd. American Journal of Botany, 7, 481-189.
19. Khan, M.A. & Ungar, I.A. (1985) The role of hormones in regulating the germination of polymorphic seeds and early seedling growth of Atriplex triangularis Willd. under saline conditions. Physiologia Plantarum, 63, 109-113.
20. Khan, M.A., Weber, D.J. & Hess, W.M. (1985) Elemental distribution in seeds of the halophytes Salicornia pacifica var. utahensis and Atriplex canescens. American Journal of Botany, 12, 1672-1675.
21. Khan, M.A., Weber, D.J. & Hess, W.M. (1987) Elemental compartmentalization in seeds of Atriplex triangularis and Atriplex confertifolia. Great Basin Naturalist, 47, 91-95.
22. Kigel, J. (1992) Diaspore heteromorphism and germination in populations of the ephemeral Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F. W. Schmidt (Asteraceae) inhabiting a geographic range of increasing aridity. Acta Oecologica, 13, 45-53.
23. Kirschner, J. & Tomšovic, P. (1990) Atriplex. Květena České Republiky (eds S. Hejný & B. Slavík), Vol. 2, pp. 266-280. Academia, Praha. (in Czech).
24. Koller, D. (1957) Germination mechanism in some desert seeds. I. Atriplex dimorphostegia Kar. et Kir. Ecology, 38, 1-13.
25. Koller, D. (1972) Environmental control of seed germination. Seed Biology (ed. T.T. Kozlowski), Vol. 2, pp. 1-101. Academic Press, London.
26. Kopecký, K. & Lhotská, M. (1990) K šív̌ení druhu Atriplex sagittata. Preslia, 62, 337-349.
27. Kovář, P., Kovářová, M., Bunce, R., Ineson, P & Brabec, E. (1997) Role of hedgerows as nitrogen sink in agricultural landscape of Wensleydale, Northern England. Preslia, 68 (1996), 273-284.
28. Levin, S.D., Cohen, D. & Hastings, A. (1984) Dispersal strategies in patchy environment. Theoretical Population Biology, 26, 165-191.
29. Lloyd, D.G. (1984) Variation strategies of plants in heterogenous environments. Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 21, 357-385.
30. Mandák, B. (1997) Seed heteromorphism and the life cycle of plants: a literature review. Preslia, 69, 129-159.
31. Mandák, B. & Pyšek, P. (1998) History of spread and habitat preferences of Atriplex sagittata (Chenopodiaceae) in the Czech Republic. Plant Invasions: Ecological Mechanisms and Human Responses (eds U. Starfinger, K. Edwards, I. Kowarik & M. Williamson), pp. 209-224. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
32. Mandák, B. & Pyšek, P. (1999) Effects of plant density and nutrient levels on fruit polymorphism in Atriplex sagittata. Oecologia, 119, 63-72.
33. Mandák, B. & Pyšek, P. (2001) Fruit dispersal and seed banks in Atriplex sagittata: the role of heterocarpy. Journal of Ecology, 89, 159-165.
34. Mantel, N. (1967) Ranking procedures for arbitrarily restricted observations. Biometrics, 23, 65-78.
35. McEvoy, P.B. (1984) Dormancy and dispersal in dimorphic achenes of tansy ragworth, Senecio jacobea L. (Compositae). Oecologia, 61, 160-168.
36. Melzack, R.N. & Watts, D. (1982) Variation in seed weight, germination and seedling vigour in the yew (Taxus baccata L.) in England. Journal of Biogeography, 9, 55-63.
37. Osbornová, J., Kovářová, M., Lepš, J. & Prach, K. (1990) Succession in Abandoned Fields. Studies in Central Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
38. Osmond, C.B., Björkman, O. & Anderson, D.J. (1980) Physiological Processes in Plant Ecology - Towards a Synthesis with Atriplex. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
39. Ross, M.A. & Harper, J.L. (1972) Occupation of biological space during seedling establishment. Journal of Ecology, 60, 77-88.
40. Schoen, D.J. & Lloyd, D.G. (1984) The selection of cleistogamy and heteromorphic diaspores. Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 23, 303-322.
41. Silvertown, J. (1980) Leaf-canopy-induced seed dormancy in a grassland flora. New Phytologist. 85, 109-118.
42. Skálová, H. & Krahulec, F. (1992) The response of three Festuca rubra clones to change in light quality and plant density. Functional Ecology, 6, 282-290.
43. Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1956) Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
44. Stebbins, G.L. (1974) Flowering Plants: Evolution above the Species Level. Belknap, Cambridge, MA.
45. StatSoft (1998) Statistica for Windows, edn 2. Tulsa.
46. Stoutjesdijk, P. (1972) Spectral transmission curves of some types of leaf canopies with a note on seed germination. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 21, 185-191.
47. Tanowitz, B.D., Salopek, P.F. & Mahall, B.E. (1987) Differential germination of ray and disc achenes in Hemizonia increscens (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany, 74, 303-312.
48. Taylorson, R.B. & Borthwick, H.A. (1969) Light filtration by foliar canopies: significance for light controlled weed seed germination. Weed Science, 17, 48-51.
49. Ungar, I.A. (1987) Population ecology of halophyte seeds. Botanical Review, 53, 301-334.
50. Venable, D.L. (1985a) Ecology of achene dimorphism in Heterotheca latifolia. III. Consequences of varied water availability. Journal of Ecology, 73, 757-763.
51. Venable, D.L. (1985b) The evolutionary ecology of seed heteromorphism. American Naturalist, 126, 577-595.
52. Venable, D.L. & Brown, J.S. (1993) The population-dynamic functions of seed dispersal. Vegetatio, 107/108, 31-55.
53. Venable, D.L., Búrquez, A., Corral, G., Morales, E. & Espinosa, F. (1987) The ecology of seed heteromorphism in Heterosperma pinnatum in Central Mexico. Ecology, 68, 65-76.
54. Venable, D.L., Dyreson, E. & Morales, E. (1995) Population dynamics consequences and evolution of seed traits of Heterosperma pinnatum (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany, 82, 410-420.
55. Venable, D.L. & Levin, D.A. (1985) Ecology of achene dimorphism in Heterotheca latifolia I. Achene structure, germination and dispersal. Journal of Ecology, 73, 133-145.
56. Vincent, E.M. & Roberts, E.H. (1977) The interactions of light, nitrate and alternating temperatures in promoting the germination of dormant seeds of common weed species. Seed Science and Technology, 6, 659-670.
57. Wertis, B.A. & Ungar, I.A. (1986) Seed demography and seedling survival in a population of A triplex triangular is Willd. American Midland Naturalist, 116, 152-162.
58. Williams, E.D. (1983) Effect of temperature, light, nitrate and pre-chilling on seed germination of grassland plants. Annals of Applied Biology, 103, 161-172.
59. Williams, J.T. & Harper, J.L. (1965) Seed polymorphism and germination I. The influence of nitrates and low temperatures on the germination of Chenopodium album. Weed Research, 5, 141-150.