메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 165, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 321-336

The role of the sand in chemical warfare agent exposure among Persian Gulf War veterans: Al Eskan disease and 'dirty dust'

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT;

EID: 0343673944     PISSN: 00264075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/165.5.321     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (140)
  • 1
    • 0343153716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NBC, CNBC, MSNBC, 10 WAVY TV, February 20
    • Cobin T: Report on Al Eskan disease: Persian Gulf syndrome. NBC, CNBC, MSNBC, 10 WAVY TV, February 20, 1997; Knight Rider News Service (Rod Hafemeister): Latest Gulf illness suspect: sand. The Cincinnati Enquirer, March 6, 1999, p A9.
    • (1997) Report on Al Eskan Disease: Persian Gulf Syndrome
    • Cobin, T.1
  • 2
    • 24544464366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latest Gulf illness suspect: Sand
    • March 6
    • Cobin T: Report on Al Eskan disease: Persian Gulf syndrome. NBC, CNBC, MSNBC, 10 WAVY TV, February 20, 1997; Knight Rider News Service (Rod Hafemeister): Latest Gulf illness suspect: sand. The Cincinnati Enquirer, March 6, 1999, p A9.
    • (1999) The Cincinnati Enquirer
  • 3
    • 0343589260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thackara G: Gulf War syndrome; Korényi-Both AL: Answer may lie in fine Saudi sand. The Sunday Times (Scranton, PA), July 13, 1997, pp C1-4; CNN: Conference examines Gulf War syndrome. Posted on the World Wide Web at 4:12 a.m. eastern standard time (9:12 Greenwich mean time), March 1, 1999; Reuters: U.S. plans new research into Gulf War ailments. Posted on the World Wide Web at 1:16 p.m. eastern standard time (6:16 Greenwich mean time), February 28, 1999.
    • Gulf War Syndrome
    • Thackara, G.1
  • 4
    • 24544480706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Answer may lie in fine Saudi sand
    • (Scranton, PA), July 13
    • Thackara G: Gulf War syndrome; Korényi-Both AL: Answer may lie in fine Saudi sand. The Sunday Times (Scranton, PA), July 13, 1997, pp C1-4; CNN: Conference examines Gulf War syndrome. Posted on the World Wide Web at 4:12 a.m. eastern standard time (9:12 Greenwich mean time), March 1, 1999; Reuters: U.S. plans new research into Gulf War ailments. Posted on the World Wide Web at 1:16 p.m. eastern standard time (6:16 Greenwich mean time), February 28, 1999.
    • (1997) The Sunday Times
    • Korényi-Both, A.L.1
  • 5
    • 0343589262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posted on the World Wide Web at 4:12 a.m. eastern standard time (9:12 Greenwich mean time), March 1
    • Thackara G: Gulf War syndrome; Korényi-Both AL: Answer may lie in fine Saudi sand. The Sunday Times (Scranton, PA), July 13, 1997, pp C1-4; CNN: Conference examines Gulf War syndrome. Posted on the World Wide Web at 4:12 a.m. eastern standard time (9:12 Greenwich mean time), March 1, 1999; Reuters: U.S. plans new research into Gulf War ailments. Posted on the World Wide Web at 1:16 p.m. eastern standard time (6:16 Greenwich mean time), February 28, 1999.
    • (1999) Conference Examines Gulf War Syndrome
  • 6
    • 0343589255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posted on the World Wide Web at 1:16 p.m. eastern standard time (6:16 Greenwich mean time), February 28
    • Thackara G: Gulf War syndrome; Korényi-Both AL: Answer may lie in fine Saudi sand. The Sunday Times (Scranton, PA), July 13, 1997, pp C1-4; CNN: Conference examines Gulf War syndrome. Posted on the World Wide Web at 4:12 a.m. eastern standard time (9:12 Greenwich mean time), March 1, 1999; Reuters: U.S. plans new research into Gulf War ailments. Posted on the World Wide Web at 1:16 p.m. eastern standard time (6:16 Greenwich mean time), February 28, 1999.
    • (1999) U.S. Plans New Research into Gulf War Ailments
  • 10
    • 0033573781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health of UK servicemen who served in Persian Gulf War
    • Unwin C, Blatchley N, Coker W, et al: Health of UK servicemen who served In Persian Gulf War. Lancet 1999; 353: 169-78.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 169-178
    • Unwin, C.1    Blatchley, N.2    Coker, W.3
  • 13
    • 0028258313 scopus 로고
    • Inter-operability of health services of the coalition forces: The Hungarian military hospital's experience in the Persian Gulf War
    • Svéd L: Inter-operability of health services of the coalition forces: the Hungarian military hospital's experience in the Persian Gulf War. Milit Med 1994; 159: 95-8.
    • (1994) Milit Med , vol.159 , pp. 95-98
    • Svéd, L.1
  • 17
    • 0006513705 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC, National Academy Press
    • Bailar JC, and the Committee to Review the Health Consequences of Service during the Persian Gulf War, Institute of Medicine: Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1995.
    • (1995) Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action
    • Bailar, J.C.1
  • 18
    • 0042888196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC, National Academy Press
    • Bailar JC, and the Committee to Review the Health Consequences of Service during the Persian Gulf War, Institute of Medicine: Recommendations for Research and Information Systems. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1996.
    • (1996) Recommendations for Research and Information Systems
    • Bailar, J.C.1
  • 22
    • 0343589239 scopus 로고
    • Colonel Korényi-Both (F 82′) awarded for his discovery of Al Eskan disease: Persian Gulf syndrome
    • The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Fellows' Note
    • The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Fellows' Note: Colonel Korényi-Both (F 82′) awarded for his discovery of Al Eskan disease: Persian Gulf syndrome. Fellows' Forum 1994; 20: 10.
    • (1994) Fellows' Forum , vol.20 , pp. 10
  • 23
    • 0017288257 scopus 로고
    • Injuries of the skeletal musculature caused by immunoglobulins in the rat. I. Pathophysiological data and light microscope observations
    • Korényi-Both AL, Kelemen G: Injuries of the skeletal musculature caused by immunoglobulins in the rat. I. Pathophysiological data and light microscope observations. Acta Neuropathol 1976; 34: 199-206.
    • (1976) Acta Neuropathol , vol.34 , pp. 199-206
    • Korényi-Both, A.L.1    Kelemen, G.2
  • 24
    • 0017226889 scopus 로고
    • Injuries of the skeletal musculature caused by immunoglobulins in the rat. II. Ultrastructural studies
    • Korényi-Both AL: Injuries of the skeletal musculature caused by immunoglobulins in the rat. II. Ultrastructural studies. Acta Neuropathol 1976; 34: 207-18.
    • (1976) Acta Neuropathol , vol.34 , pp. 207-218
    • Korényi-Both, A.L.1
  • 30
    • 4244056537 scopus 로고
    • Al Eskan disease
    • PAARNG-Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Continuing Medical Education Course, November 27-28
    • Korényi-Both AL: Al Eskan disease: Presented at the 108th Combat Support Hospital, PAARNG-Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Continuing Medical Education Course, November 27-28, 1993.
    • (1993) 108th Combat Support Hospital
    • Korényi-Both, A.L.1
  • 31
    • 20244380607 scopus 로고
    • Al Eskan or pigeon breeder's disease?
    • Cusic ME, Bucholtz GA: Al Eskan or pigeon breeder's disease? Milit Med 1993; 158(1): A5.
    • (1993) Milit Med , vol.158 , Issue.1
    • Cusic, M.E.1    Bucholtz, G.A.2
  • 32
    • 0028258472 scopus 로고
    • Al Eskan disease: Desert Storm pneumonitis
    • Russi E: Al Eskan disease: Desert Storm pneumonitis. Respiration 1994; 61: 108.
    • (1994) Respiration , vol.61 , pp. 108
    • Russi, E.1
  • 33
    • 0031085345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Al Eskan disease: Persian Gulf syndrome
    • Charp PA: Al Eskan disease: Persian Gulf syndrome. Milit Med 1997; 162(3): ii.
    • (1997) Milit Med , vol.162 , Issue.3
    • Charp, P.A.1
  • 36
    • 0342719136 scopus 로고
    • Final Report. No. 39-26-L192-91. United States Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD
    • Kuwait Oil Fire Health Risk Assessment: Sand and Ambient Air Sample Analysis. Final Report. No. 39-26-L192-91. United States Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, 1991.
    • (1991) Kuwait Oil Fire Health Risk Assessment: Sand and Ambient Air Sample Analysis
  • 37
    • 0343589221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RJ Lee Group: PA subcontract to the US Army. Contract Nos. DAAD-05-92-C-0041 and DAAD-0593-C-0285
    • RJ Lee Group: PA subcontract to the US Army. Contract Nos. DAAD-05-92-C-0041 and DAAD-0593-C-0285.
  • 39
    • 0031972160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent over expression of interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in murine silicosis
    • Davis GS, Pfiffer LM, Hemmenway DR: Persistent over expression of interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in murine silicosis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1998; 17: 99-114.
    • (1998) J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 99-114
    • Davis, G.S.1    Pfiffer, L.M.2    Hemmenway, D.R.3
  • 40
    • 0027716629 scopus 로고
    • The role of T lymphocytes in pulmonary microbial defense mechanisms
    • Lipscomb MF, Huffnagle GB, Lovchik JA, et al: The role of T lymphocytes in pulmonary microbial defense mechanisms. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993; 117: 1225-32.
    • (1993) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.117 , pp. 1225-1232
    • Lipscomb, M.F.1    Huffnagle, G.B.2    Lovchik, J.A.3
  • 41
    • 0025735629 scopus 로고
    • The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity
    • Steinman RM: The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu Rev Immunol 1991; 9: 271-96.
    • (1991) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 271-296
    • Steinman, R.M.1
  • 42
    • 0029911241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connective tissue disease due to intentional inhalation of scouring powder
    • Vincent M, Pouchelle C, Martinon S, Gerard F, Arthaud Y: Connective tissue disease due to intentional inhalation of scouring powder. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 2688-90.
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 2688-2690
    • Vincent, M.1    Pouchelle, C.2    Martinon, S.3    Gerard, F.4    Arthaud, Y.5
  • 43
    • 0029862571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic changes of constituents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in experimental silicotic rats
    • Zhang Q, Kusaka Y, Zhang Q, He L, Zhang Z, Sato K: Dynamic changes of constituents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in experimental silicotic rats. Ind Health 1996; 34: 379-88.
    • (1996) Ind Health , vol.34 , pp. 379-388
    • Zhang, Q.1    Kusaka, Y.2    Zhang, Q.3    He, L.4    Zhang, Z.5    Sato, K.6
  • 47
  • 52
    • 0342284109 scopus 로고
    • A Report of Chairman Donald W. Riegle, Jr. and Ranking Member Alfonse M. D'Amato of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration. US Senate, 103rd Congress, 2nd Session, May 25
    • The Riegle Report: U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and Their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Gulf War. A Report of Chairman Donald W. Riegle, Jr. and Ranking Member Alfonse M. D'Amato of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration. US Senate, 103rd Congress, 2nd Session, May 25, 1994; Department of Defense: Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, p 119; Mason: The Air War in the Gulf, pp 211-29; Horner C: Statement included in Hearings: Operation Desert Shield/Storm, p 234, 1994.
    • (1994) The Riegle Report: U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and Their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Gulf War
  • 53
    • 84891755313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Riegle Report: U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and Their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Gulf War. A Report of Chairman Donald W. Riegle, Jr. and Ranking Member Alfonse M. D'Amato of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration. US Senate, 103rd Congress, 2nd Session, May 25, 1994; Department of Defense: Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, p 119; Mason: The Air War in the Gulf, pp 211-29; Horner C: Statement included in Hearings: Operation Desert Shield/Storm, p 234, 1994.
    • Conduct of the Persian Gulf War , pp. 119
  • 54
    • 0342719131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Riegle Report: U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and Their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Gulf War. A Report of Chairman Donald W. Riegle, Jr. and Ranking Member Alfonse M. D'Amato of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration. US Senate, 103rd Congress, 2nd Session, May 25, 1994; Department of Defense: Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, p 119; Mason: The Air War in the Gulf, pp 211-29; Horner C: Statement included in Hearings: Operation Desert Shield/Storm, p 234, 1994.
    • The Air War in the Gulf , pp. 211-229
    • Mason1
  • 55
    • 0343153665 scopus 로고
    • The Riegle Report: U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and Their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Gulf War. A Report of Chairman Donald W. Riegle, Jr. and Ranking Member Alfonse M. D'Amato of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration. US Senate, 103rd Congress, 2nd Session, May 25, 1994; Department of Defense: Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, p 119; Mason: The Air War in the Gulf, pp 211-29; Horner C: Statement included in Hearings: Operation Desert Shield/Storm, p 234, 1994.
    • (1994) Statement Included in Hearings: Operation Desert Shield/Storm , pp. 234
    • Horner, C.1
  • 58
    • 0343589212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GulfLINK document number 72928819 DIA Middle East-Africa INTSUM 37-91, January 13, 1991
    • GulfLINK document number 72928819 DIA Middle East-Africa INTSUM 37-91, January 13, 1991.
  • 61
    • 24544475526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Al Eskan disease and the "dirty dust": The role of the sand on chemical warfare agents' exposure among Persian Gulf War veterans
    • Arlington, VA, September 18-21
    • Korényi-Both AL: Al Eskan disease and the "dirty dust": the role of the sand on chemical warfare agents' exposure among Persian Gulf War veterans. Presented at the Persian Gulf War Veterans Resource Center's 3rd Annual Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses Conference, Arlington, VA, September 18-21, 1998.
    • (1998) Persian Gulf War Veterans Resource Center's 3rd Annual Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses Conference
    • Korényi-Both, A.L.1
  • 65
    • 0343589206 scopus 로고
    • Czechoslovak chemical defense units in the Gulf
    • Zdobinsky M: Czechoslovak chemical defense units in the Gulf. Jane's Intelligence Review 1992; 4: 167-70.
    • (1992) Jane's Intelligence Review , vol.4 , pp. 167-170
    • Zdobinsky, M.1
  • 66
    • 4244214291 scopus 로고
    • Policies in the Persian Gulf and Red Sea areas: Past, present and future
    • US House of Representatives
    • United States Arms: Policies in the Persian Gulf and Red Sea Areas: Past, Present and Future. Committee on Foreign Relations, US House of Representatives, pp 28ff, 1977.
    • (1977) Committee on Foreign Relations
  • 68
    • 0342719119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A report to the Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. US House of Representatives, January 29
    • Tucker JB: Chemical/Biological Weapons Exposures and Gulf War Illness. A report to the Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. US House of Representatives, January 29, 1996, p 13.
    • (1996) Chemical/Biological Weapons Exposures and Gulf War Illness , pp. 13
    • Tucker, J.B.1
  • 72
    • 0342719118 scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effects of aerosols: Particulates as carriers of toxic vapors
    • LaBelle CW, Long JE, Christophano EE: Synergistic effects of aerosols: particulates as carriers of toxic vapors. AMA Arch Ind Health 1955; 11: 297-304.
    • (1955) AMA Arch Ind Health , vol.11 , pp. 297-304
    • LaBelle, C.W.1    Long, J.E.2    Christophano, E.E.3
  • 73
    • 0342284096 scopus 로고
    • On the nature of the synergistic action of aerosols
    • Goetz A: On the nature of the synergistic action of aerosols, Int J Air Water Pollut 1961; 4: 168-84.
    • (1961) Int J Air Water Pollut , vol.4 , pp. 168-184
    • Goetz, A.1
  • 74
    • 0023839089 scopus 로고
    • 2 formed on the surface of ultrafine zinc with aerosols
    • 2 formed on the surface of ultrafine zinc with aerosols. Atmos Environ 1988; 22: 557-60.
    • (1988) Atmos Environ , vol.22 , pp. 557-560
    • Amour, M.O.1    Chen, L.C.2    Guty, J.3
  • 75
    • 0343153653 scopus 로고
    • The effect of non-uniformity and particle shape on "average particle size."
    • Green H: The effect of non-uniformity and particle shape on "average particle size." J Franklin Inst 1927; 204: 713-29.
    • (1927) J Franklin Inst , vol.204 , pp. 713-729
    • Green, H.1
  • 76
    • 0342719114 scopus 로고
    • The size-frequency and identification of certain phagocytosed dust
    • Drinker P: The size-frequency and identification of certain phagocytosed dust. J Ind Hyg 1925; 7: 305.
    • (1925) J Ind Hyg , vol.7 , pp. 305
    • Drinker, P.1
  • 78
    • 49749175389 scopus 로고
    • Statistical description of the size properties of non-uniform particulates
    • Hatch T, Choate SP: Statistical description of the size properties of non-uniform particulates. J Franklin Inst 1929; 207: 369-87.
    • (1929) J Franklin Inst , vol.207 , pp. 369-387
    • Hatch, T.1    Choate, S.P.2
  • 79
    • 0002928178 scopus 로고
    • Determination of "average particle size" from the screen-analysis of nonuniform particulate substances
    • Hatch T: Determination of "average particle size" from the screen-analysis of nonuniform particulate substances. J Franklin Inst 1933; 215: 27-38.
    • (1933) J Franklin Inst , vol.215 , pp. 27-38
    • Hatch, T.1
  • 80
    • 0039215702 scopus 로고
    • Approaches to modeling disposition of inhaled particles and fibers in the lung
    • Edited by Gardner DE, Crapo JD, McClellan RO. New York, Raven Press
    • Stober W, McClellan RO, Morrow PE: Approaches to modeling disposition of inhaled particles and fibers in the lung. In Toxicology of the Lung, Ed 2, pp 69-103. Edited by Gardner DE, Crapo JD, McClellan RO. New York, Raven Press, 1993.
    • (1993) Toxicology of the Lung, Ed 2 , pp. 69-103
    • Stober, W.1    McClellan, R.O.2    Morrow, P.E.3
  • 81
    • 0343589204 scopus 로고
    • Influence of particle size in dust exposure
    • Hatch T, Hemeon WCL: Influence of particle size in dust exposure. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1948; 30: 172.
    • (1948) J Ind Hyg Toxicol , vol.30 , pp. 172
    • Hatch, T.1    Hemeon, W.C.L.2
  • 82
    • 0014112319 scopus 로고
    • The deposition of 0.5 μ diameter aerosols in the lungs of man
    • Muir DCF, Davies CN: The deposition of 0.5 μ diameter aerosols in the lungs of man. Ann Occup Hyg 1967; 10: 161-74.
    • (1967) Ann Occup Hyg , vol.10 , pp. 161-174
    • Muir, D.C.F.1    Davies, C.N.2
  • 83
    • 0014916879 scopus 로고
    • The effect of breathing rate on the deposition of particles in the human respiratory system
    • Edited by Walton WH. Unwin, Old Woking, UK
    • Dennis WL: The effect of breathing rate on the deposition of particles in the human respiratory system. In Inhaled Particles, vol. III, pp 91-102. Edited by Walton WH. Unwin, Old Woking, UK 1967.
    • (1967) Inhaled Particles , vol.3 , pp. 91-102
    • Dennis, W.L.1
  • 84
    • 0016735724 scopus 로고
    • Changes and regenerations of skeletal muscle in presence of foreign body: Talc
    • Korényi-Both AL, Németh L: Changes and regenerations of skeletal muscle in presence of foreign body: talc. Acta Chir Acad Sci Hung 1975; 16: 259-69.
    • (1975) Acta Chir Acad Sci Hung , vol.16 , pp. 259-269
    • Korényi-Both, A.L.1    Németh, L.2
  • 85
    • 0342719112 scopus 로고
    • GulfLINK document number 71726882. DIM 37-91, 010600Z, February
    • GulfLINK document number 71726882. Iraq: potential for chemical weapons use. DIM 37-91, 010600Z, February 1991.
    • (1991) Iraq: Potential for Chemical Weapons Use
  • 88
    • 0342284080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GulfLINK document number 73774530. Untitled report from DIA/DI-6b, dated August 27, 1990
    • GulfLINK document number 73774530. Untitled report from DIA/DI-6b, dated August 27, 1990.
  • 90
    • 0343589195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Security Council document number S/1995/864. Report by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission, p 18, October 11, 1995
    • United Nations Security Council document number S/1995/864. Report by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission, p 18, October 11, 1995.
  • 93
    • 0343153643 scopus 로고
    • GulfLINK document number 60055:91s
    • GulfLINK document number 60055:91s. Possible chemical weapon firing, 1991.
    • (1991) Possible Chemical Weapon Firing
  • 94
    • 0343589193 scopus 로고
    • GulfLINK document number 60046:91s
    • GulfLINK document number 60046:91s. Possible chemical presence, 1991.
    • (1991) Possible Chemical Presence
  • 96
    • 0343153642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FM 100-2: The Soviet Army; FM 100-2-1: Operations and Tactics; FM 100-2-2: Specialized Warfare and Rear Area Support: FM 100-2-3: Troops, Organization and Equipment. Washington, DC, Headquarters. Department of the Army, 1984.
    • The Soviet Army
  • 97
    • 0343589192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FM 100-2: The Soviet Army; FM 100-2-1: Operations and Tactics; FM 100-2-2: Specialized Warfare and Rear Area Support: FM 100-2-3: Troops, Organization and Equipment. Washington, DC, Headquarters. Department of the Army, 1984.
    • Operations and Tactics
  • 98
    • 0343153640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FM 100-2: The Soviet Army; FM 100-2-1: Operations and Tactics; FM 100-2-2: Specialized Warfare and Rear Area Support: FM 100-2-3: Troops, Organization and Equipment. Washington, DC, Headquarters. Department of the Army, 1984.
    • Specialized Warfare and Rear Area Support
  • 99
    • 0343589191 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC, Headquarters. Department of the Army
    • FM 100-2: The Soviet Army; FM 100-2-1: Operations and Tactics; FM 100-2-2: Specialized Warfare and Rear Area Support: FM 100-2-3: Troops, Organization and Equipment. Washington, DC, Headquarters. Department of the Army, 1984.
    • (1984) Troops, Organization and Equipment
  • 101
    • 0342284077 scopus 로고
    • Desert sin: A postwar journey through Iraq
    • Edited by Bennis P, Moushabeck M. New York, Olive Branch Press.
    • Cainkar L: Desert sin: a postwar journey through Iraq. In Beyond the Storm: A Gulf Crisis Reader. Edited by Bennis P, Moushabeck M. New York, Olive Branch Press. 1991.
    • (1991) Beyond the Storm: A Gulf Crisis Reader
    • Cainkar, L.1
  • 104
    • 0342719099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex of the second report by the executive chairman of the special commission established by the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 9(b)(i) of Security Council resolution 687 (1991): S/23268: p 5, December 4, 1991
    • Annex of the second report by the executive chairman of the special commission established by the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 9(b)(i) of Security Council resolution 687 (1991): S/23268: p 5, December 4, 1991.
  • 105
    • 0343589186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIA modeling described in transcripts of public meeting. Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses, Chicago, July 7, 1996
    • CIA modeling described in transcripts of public meeting. Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses, Chicago, July 7, 1996.
  • 107
    • 0343589184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NGAUS award winners recognize those who bring honor to the National Guard: "Garde Nationale Trophy." National Guard. December 1993, No. 42
    • The NGAUS award winners recognize those who bring honor to the National Guard: "Garde Nationale Trophy." National Guard. December 1993, No. 42.
  • 111
    • 0342719085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal of dishonor: Depleted uranium
    • New York, International Action Center
    • Depleted Uranium Education Project: Metal of Dishonor: Depleted Uranium. How the Pentagon Radiates Soldiers and Civilians with DU Weapons. New York, International Action Center, 1997.
    • (1997) How the Pentagon Radiates Soldiers and Civilians with DU Weapons
  • 112
    • 0030615201 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear factor-kappa B: A pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory disease
    • Barnes PJ, Karin M: Nuclear factor-kappa B: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1977; 336: 1066-71.
    • (1977) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1066-1071
    • Barnes, P.J.1    Karin, M.2
  • 113
    • 0029011572 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine expression in chronic inflammatory disease
    • Brennan FM, Maini RN, Feldman M: Cytokine expression in chronic inflammatory disease. Br Med Bull 1995; 51: 368-84.
    • (1995) Br Med Bull , vol.51 , pp. 368-384
    • Brennan, F.M.1    Maini, R.N.2    Feldman, M.3
  • 114
    • 0028843508 scopus 로고
    • Transcription factors
    • Papavassiliou AG: Transcription factors. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 45-7.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 45-47
    • Papavassiliou, A.G.1
  • 117
    • 0032560235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic effects of monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with a nitrogen mustard anticancer prodrug in models of human renal cell carcinoma
    • Svensson HP, Frank IS, Berry KK, Senter PD: Therapeutic effects of monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with a nitrogen mustard anticancer prodrug in models of human renal cell carcinoma. J Med Chem 1998; 41: 1507-12.
    • (1998) J Med Chem , vol.41 , pp. 1507-1512
    • Svensson, H.P.1    Frank, I.S.2    Berry, K.K.3    Senter, P.D.4
  • 118
    • 0030913266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell lacking CIP1/WAF1 genes exhibit preferential sensitivity to cisplatin and nitrogen mustard
    • Fan S, Chang JK, Smith ML, Duba D, Fornace AJ Jr, O'Connor PM: Cell lacking CIP1/WAF1 genes exhibit preferential sensitivity to cisplatin and nitrogen mustard. Oncogene 1997; 14: 2127-36.
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.14 , pp. 2127-2136
    • Fan, S.1    Chang, J.K.2    Smith, M.L.3    Duba, D.4    Fornace A.J., Jr.5    O'Connor, P.M.6
  • 119
    • 0015734143 scopus 로고
    • Fine structural studies in myasthenia gravis. II. Lesions of the neuromuscular junctions
    • Korényi-Both AL, Szobor A, Lapis K, Szathmáry I: Fine structural studies in myasthenia gravis. II. Lesions of the neuromuscular junctions. Eur Neurol 1973; 10: 311-23.
    • (1973) Eur Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 311-323
    • Korényi-Both, A.L.1    Szobor, A.2    Lapis, K.3    Szathmáry, I.4
  • 120
    • 0030850441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct reaction of oximes with sarin, soman, or tabun in vitro
    • Becker G, Kawan A, Szinicz L: Direct reaction of oximes with sarin, soman, or tabun in vitro. Arch Toxicol 1997; 71: 714-8.
    • (1997) Arch Toxicol , vol.71 , pp. 714-718
    • Becker, G.1    Kawan, A.2    Szinicz, L.3
  • 122
    • 0030788121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected nerve gas exposure in the city of Matsumoto: Report of rescue activity in the first sarin gas terrorism
    • Okudewra H, Monta H, Iwashita T, Shibata T, Otagiri T, Kobayashi S, Yanagisawa N: Unexpected nerve gas exposure in the city of Matsumoto: report of rescue activity in the first sarin gas terrorism. Am J Emerg Med 1997; 15: 527-8.
    • (1997) Am J Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 527-528
    • Okudewra, H.1    Monta, H.2    Iwashita, T.3    Shibata, T.4    Otagiri, T.5    Kobayashi, S.6    Yanagisawa, N.7
  • 124
    • 0031303307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential inhibition of the brain acetylcholinesterase molecular forms following sarin, soman and VX intoxication in laboratory rats
    • Bajgar J: Differential inhibition of the brain acetylcholinesterase molecular forms following sarin, soman and VX intoxication in laboratory rats. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove) 1997; 40: 89-94.
    • (1997) Acta Med (Hradec Kralove) , vol.40 , pp. 89-94
    • Bajgar, J.1
  • 125
    • 0030293198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism is reversed with diazoxon, soman and sarin
    • Davies HG, Richter RJ, Keifer M, Broomfield CA, Sowalla J, Furlong CE: The effect of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism is reversed with diazoxon, soman and sarin. Nat Genet 1996; 14: 334-6.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.14 , pp. 334-336
    • Davies, H.G.1    Richter, R.J.2    Keifer, M.3    Broomfield, C.A.4    Sowalla, J.5    Furlong, C.E.6
  • 127
    • 0343153613 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance advisory message No. 90-50
    • COMMARCOLOGBASES Albany, GA, 01630z, November
    • Maintenance advisory message No. 90-50. CB Protective Masks Repair USARCENT, COMMARCOLOGBASES Albany, GA, 01630z, November 1990.
    • (1990) CB Protective Masks Repair USARCENT
  • 129
    • 0343153610 scopus 로고
    • Quantico, VA, Marine Corps Research Center, July
    • Manley TF: NBC Defense in Southwest Asia, p 40. Quantico, VA, Marine Corps Research Center, July 1991.
    • (1991) NBC Defense in Southwest Asia , pp. 40
    • Manley, T.F.1
  • 130
    • 0342719071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Message from CG. First FSSG to CDRAMCCOM, Critical Deficiency, Gas Mask Components, 201458z, January 1991: message from CG. First FSSG to COMMARCORLOGBASE Albany, GA, Critical Deficiency: Gas Masks, 19167z, February 1991
    • Message from CG. First FSSG to CDRAMCCOM, Critical Deficiency, Gas Mask Components, 201458z, January 1991: message from CG. First FSSG to COMMARCORLOGBASE Albany, GA, Critical Deficiency: Gas Masks, 19167z, February 1991.
  • 131
    • 0342719072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Message from COMMARCORLOGBASE Albany, GA, to various USMC major commands. Suit, Chemical Protective Over-garment (OG-84), NSN series 8415-01-137-1700 through 1707; contact DLA100-89-C-0428; Camel Mfg: 251938z, January 1991
    • Message from COMMARCORLOGBASE Albany, GA, to various USMC major commands. Suit, Chemical Protective Over-garment (OG-84), NSN series 8415-01-137-1700 through 1707; contact DLA100-89-C-0428; Camel Mfg: 251938z, January 1991.
  • 132
    • 0003449982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Defense: Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, pp G-29, Q-7, Q-9; pp F-54-5, p F-70, Q-9; McCausland J: How Iraq's CBW Threat Affected Coalition Operations', Defense and Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy (September 1992). pp 12-5; Richardson I: Statement included In hearings, pp 754-6; Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993.
    • Conduct of the Persian Gulf War
  • 134
    • 0343589153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993
    • Department of Defense: Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, pp G-29, Q-7, Q-9; pp F-54-5, p F-70, Q-9; McCausland J: How Iraq's CBW Threat Affected Coalition Operations', Defense and Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy (September 1992). pp 12-5; Richardson I: Statement included In hearings, pp 754-6; Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993.
    • Statement Included In Hearings , pp. 754-756
    • Richardson, I.1
  • 135
    • 0011018562 scopus 로고
    • Behavior effects of low-dose nerve agents
    • Edited by Somani Satu M. New York, Academic Press
    • Hartgraves SL, Murphy MR: Behavior effects of low-dose nerve agents. In Chemical Warfare Agents, pp 125-54. Edited by Somani Satu M. New York, Academic Press, 1992.
    • (1992) Chemical Warfare Agents , pp. 125-154
    • Hartgraves, S.L.1    Murphy, M.R.2
  • 137
    • 0342284046 scopus 로고
    • Hearing before the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, 103rd Congress, 1st Session, November 18
    • HASC No. 103-27, Use of Chemical Weapons in Desert Storm. Hearing before the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, 103rd Congress, 1st Session, November 18, 1993.
    • (1993) HASC No. 103-27, Use of Chemical Weapons in Desert Storm


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.