메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 134, Issue 1-3, 2000, Pages 1-16

Spatial pattern of subalpine forest-alpine grassland ecotones in the Spanish Central Pyrenees

Author keywords

Ecotone; Moran and Mantel correlograms; Pinus uncinata Ram; Ripley s K; Spatial pattern; Treeline

Indexed keywords

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; CONIFEROUS FOREST; ECOTONE; GRASSLAND; SPATIAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0343006733     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00241-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (102)

References (91)
  • 2
    • 0026565057 scopus 로고
    • A postfire shift from lichen-spruce to lichen-tundra vegetation at tree line
    • Arseneault D., Payette S. A postfire shift from lichen-spruce to lichen-tundra vegetation at tree line. Ecology. 73:1992;1067-1081.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1067-1081
    • Arseneault, D.1    Payette, S.2
  • 3
    • 0030613592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of millennial forest dynamics from tree remains in a subarctic tree line peatland
    • Arseneault D., Payette S. Reconstruction of millennial forest dynamics from tree remains in a subarctic tree line peatland. Ecology. 78:1997;1873-1883.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1873-1883
    • Arseneault, D.1    Payette, S.2
  • 4
    • 0005224061 scopus 로고
    • Consideraciones fenológicas de las biocenosis de altitud en el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, acompañadas y apoyadas mediante estudio preliminar de los datos meteorológicos obtenidos desde 1981 a 1989 en el observatorio de Góriz
    • Balcells E., Gil-Pelegrín E. Consideraciones fenológicas de las biocenosis de altitud en el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, acompañadas y apoyadas mediante estudio preliminar de los datos meteorológicos obtenidos desde 1981 a 1989 en el observatorio de Góriz. Lucas Mallada (Huesca, Spain). 4:1992;71-162.
    • (1992) Lucas Mallada (Huesca, Spain) , vol.4 , pp. 71-162
    • Balcells, E.1    Gil-Pelegrín, E.2
  • 7
    • 0001222906 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the discussion of Dr. Ripley's paper
    • Besag J. Contribution to the discussion of Dr. Ripley's paper. J. R. Stat. Soc. B. 39:1977;193-195.
    • (1977) J. R. Stat. Soc. B , vol.39 , pp. 193-195
    • Besag, J.1
  • 8
    • 0000498922 scopus 로고
    • An alpine snowbank environment and its effects on vegetation, plant development and productivity
    • Billings W.D., Bliss L.C. An alpine snowbank environment and its effects on vegetation, plant development and productivity. Ecology. 40:1959;388-397.
    • (1959) Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 388-397
    • Billings, W.D.1    Bliss, L.C.2
  • 9
    • 0001477663 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive ecology of Picea mariana (Mill.) Bsp. at tree line near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada
    • Black R.A., Bliss L.C. Reproductive ecology of Picea mariana (Mill.) Bsp. at tree line near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada. Ecol. Monogr. 50:1980;331-354.
    • (1980) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.50 , pp. 331-354
    • Black, R.A.1    Bliss, L.C.2
  • 11
    • 0027019468 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance, age and size structure in stands of Pinus uncinata Ram
    • Bosch O., Giné L., Ramadori E.D., Bernat A., Gutiérrez E. Disturbance, age and size structure in stands of Pinus uncinata Ram. Pirineos. 140:1992;5-14.
    • (1992) Pirineos , vol.140 , pp. 5-14
    • Bosch, O.1    Giné, L.2    Ramadori, E.D.3    Bernat, A.4    Gutiérrez, E.5
  • 13
    • 0028977461 scopus 로고
    • Development of a Populus balsamifera clone in subarctic Québec reconstructed from spatial analyses
    • Brodie C., Houle G., Fortin M.-J. Development of a Populus balsamifera clone in subarctic Québec reconstructed from spatial analyses. J. Ecol. 83:1995;309-320.
    • (1995) J. Ecol. , vol.83 , pp. 309-320
    • Brodie, C.1    Houle, G.2    Fortin, M.-J.3
  • 14
    • 0022838503 scopus 로고
    • Responses of tree populations to climatic change
    • Brubaker L.B. Responses of tree populations to climatic change. Vegetatio. 67:1986;119-130.
    • (1986) Vegetatio , vol.67 , pp. 119-130
    • Brubaker, L.B.1
  • 17
    • 0005128124 scopus 로고
    • Le Pin à crochets pyrénéen: Biologie, biochimie sylviculture
    • (in French)
    • Cantegrel R. Le Pin à crochets pyrénéen: biologie, biochimie sylviculture. Acta Biol. Montana. 2-3:1983;87-330 (in French).
    • (1983) Acta Biol. Montana , vol.2-3 , pp. 87-330
    • Cantegrel, R.1
  • 18
    • 0023556025 scopus 로고
    • Productivité ligneuse et organisation des marges forestieres a Pinus uncinata Ram. en Pyrénées Occidentales
    • Cantegrel R. Productivité ligneuse et organisation des marges forestieres a Pinus uncinata Ram. en Pyrénées Occidentales. Pirineos. 130:1987;3-27.
    • (1987) Pirineos , vol.130 , pp. 3-27
    • Cantegrel, R.1
  • 19
    • 0026345644 scopus 로고
    • Positive plant interactions in tundra vegetation and the importance of shelter
    • Carlsson B.A., Callaghan T.V. Positive plant interactions in tundra vegetation and the importance of shelter. J. Ecol. 79:1991;973-983.
    • (1991) J. Ecol. , vol.79 , pp. 973-983
    • Carlsson, B.A.1    Callaghan, T.V.2
  • 23
    • 0022241346 scopus 로고
    • Seedling establishment by conifers above tree limit on Niwot Ridge, Front Range, Colorado, USA
    • Daly C., Shankman D. Seedling establishment by conifers above tree limit on Niwot Ridge, Front Range, Colorado, USA. Arct. Alp. Res. 17:1985;389-400.
    • (1985) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 389-400
    • Daly, C.1    Shankman, D.2
  • 25
    • 0026314397 scopus 로고
    • Competition and the coexistence of species in a mixed podocarp stand
    • Duncan R.P. Competition and the coexistence of species in a mixed podocarp stand. J. Ecol. 79:1991;1073-1084.
    • (1991) J. Ecol. , vol.79 , pp. 1073-1084
    • Duncan, R.P.1
  • 26
    • 0026274060 scopus 로고
    • The temporal and spatial analysis of tree age distributions
    • Duncan R.P., Stewart G.H. The temporal and spatial analysis of tree age distributions. Can. J. For. Res. 21:1991;1703-1710.
    • (1991) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 1703-1710
    • Duncan, R.P.1    Stewart, G.H.2
  • 27
    • 0027426561 scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity against heteroscedasticity: An ecological paradigm versus a statistical concept
    • Dutilleul P., Legendre P. Spatial heterogeneity against heteroscedasticity: an ecological paradigm versus a statistical concept. Oikos. 66:1993;152-171.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.66 , pp. 152-171
    • Dutilleul, P.1    Legendre, P.2
  • 28
    • 0343877079 scopus 로고
    • Forest dynamics in a forest-tundra ecotone
    • Ph.D. Thesis. University of Washington, Seattle
    • Earle, C.J., 1993. Forest dynamics in a forest-tundra ecotone, Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Washington, Seattle.
    • (1993) Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming
    • Earle, C.J.1
  • 29
    • 0024900458 scopus 로고
    • Spatial autocorrelation and sampling design in plant ecology
    • Fortin M.-J., Drapeau P., Legendre P. Spatial autocorrelation and sampling design in plant ecology. Vegetatio. 83:1989;209-222.
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.83 , pp. 209-222
    • Fortin, M.-J.1    Drapeau, P.2    Legendre, P.3
  • 30
    • 0021034794 scopus 로고
    • The influence of snow on growth and survival of planted trees
    • Frey W. The influence of snow on growth and survival of planted trees. Arct. Alp. Res. 15:1983;241-251.
    • (1983) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 241-251
    • Frey, W.1
  • 32
    • 0024179892 scopus 로고
    • Structure of mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) populations at its upper limit in Central Pyrenees
    • Gil-Pelegrín E., Villar-Pérez L. Structure of mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) populations at its upper limit in Central Pyrenees. Pirineos. 131:1988;25-42.
    • (1988) Pirineos , vol.131 , pp. 25-42
    • Gil-Pelegrín, E.1    Villar-Pérez, L.2
  • 33
    • 0343442292 scopus 로고
    • The upper forest limit in the mountains of the boreal zone of the USRR
    • Gorchakovsky P.L., Shiyatov S.G. The upper forest limit in the mountains of the boreal zone of the USRR. Arct. Alp. Res. 10:1978;349-363.
    • (1978) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 349-363
    • Gorchakovsky, P.L.1    Shiyatov, S.G.2
  • 35
    • 0000052880 scopus 로고
    • The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: The importance of the regeneration niche
    • Grubb P.J. The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biol. Rev. 52:1977;107-145.
    • (1977) Biol. Rev. , vol.52 , pp. 107-145
    • Grubb, P.J.1
  • 36
    • 0028983927 scopus 로고
    • Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley's K-function: Introduction and methods of edge correction
    • Haase P. Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley's K-function: introduction and methods of edge correction. J. Veg. Sci. 6:1995;575-582.
    • (1995) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 575-582
    • Haase, P.1
  • 37
    • 0023490954 scopus 로고
    • Influence of krummholz mat microclimate on needle physiology and survival
    • Hadley J.L., Smith W.K. Influence of krummholz mat microclimate on needle physiology and survival. Oecologia. 73:1987;82-90.
    • (1987) Oecologia , vol.73 , pp. 82-90
    • Hadley, J.L.1    Smith, W.K.2
  • 39
    • 0030613435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spruce and fir regeneration and climate in the forest-tundra ecotone of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA
    • Hessl A.E., Baker W.L. Spruce and fir regeneration and climate in the forest-tundra ecotone of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Arct. Alp. Res. 29:1997;173-183.
    • (1997) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 173-183
    • Hessl, A.E.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 40
    • 2642640456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental test of limits to tree establishment in Arctic tundra
    • Hobbie S.E., Chapin F.S.III. An experimental test of limits to tree establishment in Arctic tundra. J. Ecol. 86:1998;449-461.
    • (1998) J. Ecol. , vol.86 , pp. 449-461
    • Hobbie, S.E.1    Chapin, F.S.2
  • 41
    • 0027090601 scopus 로고
    • The influence of tree islands and microtopography on pedoecological conditions in the forest-alpine tundra ecotone on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, USA
    • Holtmeier F.-K., Broll G. The influence of tree islands and microtopography on pedoecological conditions in the forest-alpine tundra ecotone on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, USA. Arct. Alp. Res. 24:1992;216-228.
    • (1992) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 216-228
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broll, G.2
  • 42
    • 84985810513 scopus 로고
    • Ecological concepts and biographical zonation in the North: The need for a generally accepted terminology
    • Hustich I. Ecological concepts and biographical zonation in the North: the need for a generally accepted terminology. Holarct. Ecol. 2:1979;208-217.
    • (1979) Holarct. Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 208-217
    • Hustich, I.1
  • 43
    • 0031808604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation in subnival vegetation patches
    • Kikvidze Z., Nakhutsrishvili G. Facilitation in subnival vegetation patches. J. Veg. Sci. 9:1998;261-264.
    • (1998) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 261-264
    • Kikvidze, Z.1    Nakhutsrishvili, G.2
  • 44
    • 0000768517 scopus 로고
    • Change and stability in the altitude of the birch tree-limit in the southern Swedish Scandes 1915-1975
    • Kullman L. Change and stability in the altitude of the birch tree-limit in the southern Swedish Scandes 1915-1975. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica. 65:1979;1-121.
    • (1979) Acta Phytogeographica Suecica , vol.65 , pp. 1-121
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 45
    • 0020925265 scopus 로고
    • Short-term population trends of isolated tree-limit stands of Pinus sylvestris L. in central Sweden
    • Kullman L. Short-term population trends of isolated tree-limit stands of Pinus sylvestris L. in central Sweden. Arct. Alp. Res. 15:1983;369-382.
    • (1983) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 369-382
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 46
    • 0025664938 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of altitudinal tree-limits in Sweden: A review
    • Kullman L. Dynamics of altitudinal tree-limits in Sweden: a review. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. 44:1990;103-116.
    • (1990) Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift , vol.44 , pp. 103-116
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 47
    • 0025956970 scopus 로고
    • Structural change in a subalpine birch woodland in North Sweden during the past century
    • Kullman L. Structural change in a subalpine birch woodland in North Sweden during the past century. J. Biogeogr. 18:1991;53-62.
    • (1991) J. Biogeogr. , vol.18 , pp. 53-62
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 48
    • 0345164317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation in a natural mature Pinus sylvestris dominated forest
    • Kuuluvainen T., Järvinen E., Hokkanen T.J., Rouvinen S., Heikkinen K. Structural heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation in a natural mature Pinus sylvestris dominated forest. Ecography. 21:1998;159-174.
    • (1998) Ecography , vol.21 , pp. 159-174
    • Kuuluvainen, T.1    Järvinen, E.2    Hokkanen, T.J.3    Rouvinen, S.4    Heikkinen, K.5
  • 49
    • 0027090917 scopus 로고
    • Black spruce growth-forms as a record of a changing winter environment at tree line, Québec, Canada
    • Lavoie C., Payette S. Black spruce growth-forms as a record of a changing winter environment at tree line, Québec, Canada. Arct. Alp. Res. 24:1992;40-49.
    • (1992) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 40-49
    • Lavoie, C.1    Payette, S.2
  • 50
    • 0028164792 scopus 로고
    • Recent fluctuations of the lichen-spruce forest limit in subarctic Québec
    • Lavoie C., Payette S. Recent fluctuations of the lichen-spruce forest limit in subarctic Québec. J. Ecol. 82:1994;725-734.
    • (1994) J. Ecol. , vol.82 , pp. 725-734
    • Lavoie, C.1    Payette, S.2
  • 51
    • 0027881344 scopus 로고
    • Spatial autocorrelation: Trouble or new paradigm
    • Legendre P. Spatial autocorrelation: trouble or new paradigm. Ecology. 74:1993;1659-1673.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1659-1673
    • Legendre, P.1
  • 52
    • 0024937968 scopus 로고
    • Spatial pattern and ecological analysis
    • Legendre P., Fortin M.-J. Spatial pattern and ecological analysis. Vegetatio. 80:1989;107-138.
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.80 , pp. 107-138
    • Legendre, P.1    Fortin, M.-J.2
  • 54
    • 0000258709 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of a black spruce (Picea mariana) clonal population in the hemiarctic zone, northern Québec: Population dynamics and spatial development
    • Légère A., Payette S. Ecology of a black spruce (Picea mariana) clonal population in the hemiarctic zone, northern Québec: population dynamics and spatial development. Arct. Alp. Res. 13:1981;261-276.
    • (1981) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 261-276
    • Légère, A.1    Payette, S.2
  • 55
    • 0028995495 scopus 로고
    • Recent advance of the arctic tree line along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay
    • Lescop-Sinclair K., Payette S. Recent advance of the arctic tree line along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay. J. Ecol. 83:1995;929-936.
    • (1995) J. Ecol. , vol.83 , pp. 929-936
    • Lescop-Sinclair, K.1    Payette, S.2
  • 57
    • 0030875288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of tree-line populations of foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) to climate variation over the last 1000 years
    • Lloyd A.H. Response of tree-line populations of foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) to climate variation over the last 1000 years. Can. J. For. Res. 27:1997;936-942.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 936-942
    • Lloyd, A.H.1
  • 58
    • 0030613887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene dynamics of tree line forests in the Sierra Nevada
    • Lloyd A.H., Graumlich L.J. Holocene dynamics of tree line forests in the Sierra Nevada. Ecology. 78:1997;1199-1210.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1199-1210
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Graumlich, L.J.2
  • 59
    • 0026342328 scopus 로고
    • Sampling height-age error correction for spruce seedlings in glacial forefields, Canadian Cordillera
    • McCarthy D.P., Luckman B.H., Kelly P.E. Sampling height-age error correction for spruce seedlings in glacial forefields, Canadian Cordillera. Arct. Alp. Res. 23:1991;451-455.
    • (1991) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 451-455
    • McCarthy, D.P.1    Luckman, B.H.2    Kelly, P.E.3
  • 60
    • 0021546345 scopus 로고
    • Snow drifting and timberline dynamics on Mount San Gorgonio, California, USA
    • Minnich R.A. Snow drifting and timberline dynamics on Mount San Gorgonio, California, USA. Arct. Alp. Res. 16:1984;395-412.
    • (1984) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 395-412
    • Minnich, R.A.1
  • 62
    • 0021579367 scopus 로고
    • Expansion récente du mélèze à la limite des fôrets (Québec nordique)
    • Morin A., Payette S. Expansion récente du mélèze à la limite des fôrets (Québec nordique). Can. J. Bot. 62:1984;1404-1408.
    • (1984) Can. J. Bot. , vol.62 , pp. 1404-1408
    • Morin, A.1    Payette, S.2
  • 63
    • 0000557955 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between tussock grass (Poa spp.) and Eucalyptus pauciflora seedlings near treeline in south-eastern Australia
    • Noble I.R. Interactions between tussock grass (Poa spp.) and Eucalyptus pauciflora seedlings near treeline in south-eastern Australia. Oecologia. 45:1980;350-353.
    • (1980) Oecologia , vol.45 , pp. 350-353
    • Noble, I.R.1
  • 64
    • 0027849053 scopus 로고
    • A model of the responses of ecotones to climate change
    • Noble I.R. A model of the responses of ecotones to climate change. Ecol. Appl. 3:1993;396-403.
    • (1993) Ecol. Appl. , vol.3 , pp. 396-403
    • Noble, I.R.1
  • 65
    • 0020383926 scopus 로고
    • Tree seed populations at the tree line in Rivière aux Feuilles area, Northern Quebec, Canada
    • Payette S., Deshaye J., Gilbert H. Tree seed populations at the tree line in Rivière aux Feuilles area, Northern Quebec, Canada. Arct. Alp. Res. 14:1982;215-221.
    • (1982) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 215-221
    • Payette, S.1    Deshaye, J.2    Gilbert, H.3
  • 66
    • 0022200766 scopus 로고
    • White spruce expansion at the tree line and recent climatic change
    • Payette S., Filion L. White spruce expansion at the tree line and recent climatic change. Can. J. For. Res. 15:1985;241-251.
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 241-251
    • Payette, S.1    Filion, L.2
  • 67
    • 0343441374 scopus 로고
    • Relations neige-végétation dans la toundra forestière du Nouveau-Québec, Baie d'Hudson
    • Payette S., Filion L., Ouzilleau J. Relations neige-végétation dans la toundra forestière du Nouveau-Québec, Baie d'Hudson. Naturaliste Canadienne. 100:1973;493-508.
    • (1973) Naturaliste Canadienne , vol.100 , pp. 493-508
    • Payette, S.1    Filion, L.2    Ouzilleau, J.3
  • 68
    • 0031718241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of black spruce growth-forms at treeline
    • Pereg D., Payette S. Development of black spruce growth-forms at treeline. Plant Ecol. 138:1998;137-147.
    • (1998) Plant Ecol. , vol.138 , pp. 137-147
    • Pereg, D.1    Payette, S.2
  • 69
    • 0030437430 scopus 로고
    • Age structure and dynamics of Rhododendron ferrugineum L. populations in the northwestern French Alps
    • Pornon A., Doche B. Age structure and dynamics of Rhododendron ferrugineum L. populations in the northwestern French Alps. J. Veg. Sci. 6:1995;265-272.
    • (1995) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 265-272
    • Pornon, A.1    Doche, B.2
  • 70
    • 0000135848 scopus 로고
    • Modelling spatial patterns
    • Ripley B.D. Modelling spatial patterns. J.R. Stat. Soc. B. 39:1977;172-212.
    • (1977) J.R. Stat. Soc. B , vol.39 , pp. 172-212
    • Ripley, B.D.1
  • 72
    • 0023516596 scopus 로고
    • Spatial point pattern analysis in ecology
    • In: Legendre, P., Legendre, L. (Eds.). Springer, Berlin
    • Ripley, B.D., 1987. Spatial point pattern analysis in ecology. In: Legendre, P., Legendre, L. (Eds.), Developments in Numerical Ecology, NATO ASI Series vol. G14. Springer, Berlin, pp. 407-429.
    • (1987) Developments in Numerical Ecology, NATO ASI Series Vol. G14 , pp. 407-429
    • Ripley, B.D.1
  • 73
    • 0028163230 scopus 로고
    • Changes in sub-alpine tree distribution in western North America: A review of climatic and other causal factors
    • Rochefort R.M., Little R.L., Woodward A., Peterson D.L. Changes in sub-alpine tree distribution in western North America: a review of climatic and other causal factors. The Holocene. 4:1994;89-100.
    • (1994) The Holocene , vol.4 , pp. 89-100
    • Rochefort, R.M.1    Little, R.L.2    Woodward, A.3    Peterson, D.L.4
  • 75
    • 0028992103 scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent correlations of arctic vegetation and snow cover
    • Schaefer J.A., Messier F. Scale-dependent correlations of arctic vegetation and snow cover. Arct. Alp. Res. 27:1995;38-43.
    • (1995) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 38-43
    • Schaefer, J.A.1    Messier, F.2
  • 76
    • 0027844080 scopus 로고
    • Influences of wind and snow on treeline environments at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
    • Scott P.A., Hansell R.I.C., Erickson W.R. Influences of wind and snow on treeline environments at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Arctic. 46:1993;316-323.
    • (1993) Arctic , vol.46 , pp. 316-323
    • Scott, P.A.1    Hansell, R.I.C.2    Erickson, W.R.3
  • 77
    • 47249133899 scopus 로고
    • Spatial autocorrelation in biology. 2. Some biological implications and four applications of evolutionary and ecological interest
    • Sokal R.R., Oden N.L. Spatial autocorrelation in biology. 2. Some biological implications and four applications of evolutionary and ecological interest. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 10:1978;229-249.
    • (1978) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.10 , pp. 229-249
    • Sokal, R.R.1    Oden, N.L.2
  • 78
    • 0023486456 scopus 로고
    • Applications of spatial autocorrelation in ecology
    • In: Legendre, P., Legendre, L. (Eds.), NATO ASI Series. Springer, Berlin, pp.
    • Sokal, R.R., Thomson, J.D., 1987. Applications of spatial autocorrelation in ecology. In: Legendre, P., Legendre, L. (Eds.), Developments in Numerical Ecology, NATO ASI Series, vol. G14. Springer, Berlin, pp. 431-466.
    • (1987) Developments in Numerical Ecology , vol.14 G , pp. 431-466
    • Sokal, R.R.1    Thomson, J.D.2
  • 80
    • 0001136473 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic structure of wave-regenerated Abies balsamea forests in the north-eastern United States
    • Sprugel D.G. Dynamic structure of wave-regenerated Abies balsamea forests in the north-eastern United States. J. Ecol. 64:1976;889-911.
    • (1976) J. Ecol. , vol.64 , pp. 889-911
    • Sprugel, D.G.1
  • 81
    • 0028981804 scopus 로고
    • Forest expansion and climate change in the Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) Zone, Lassen National Park, California, USA
    • Taylor A.H. Forest expansion and climate change in the Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) Zone, Lassen National Park, California, USA. Arct. Alp. Res. 27:1995;207-216.
    • (1995) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 207-216
    • Taylor, A.H.1
  • 82
    • 0030435306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untangling multiple factors in spatial distributions: Lilies, gophers and rocks
    • Thomson J.D., Weiblen G., Thomson B.A., Alfaro S., Legendre P. Untangling multiple factors in spatial distributions: lilies, gophers and rocks. Ecology. 77:1996;1698-1715.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1698-1715
    • Thomson, J.D.1    Weiblen, G.2    Thomson, B.A.3    Alfaro, S.4    Legendre, P.5
  • 85
    • 0000262920 scopus 로고
    • Structure and dynamics of Nothofagus forests near timberline in south-central Chile
    • Veblen T.T. Structure and dynamics of Nothofagus forests near timberline in south-central Chile. Ecology. 60:1979;937-945.
    • (1979) Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 937-945
    • Veblen, T.T.1
  • 86
    • 0005164709 scopus 로고
    • Esquema de la vegetación del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, más su zona periférica
    • Villar Pérez L., Benito Alonso J.L. Esquema de la vegetación del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, más su zona periférica. Lucas Mallada (Huesca, Spain). 6:1994;235-273.
    • (1994) Lucas Mallada (Huesca, Spain) , vol.6 , pp. 235-273
    • Villar Pérez, L.1    Benito Alonso, J.L.2
  • 87
    • 0028603987 scopus 로고
    • Influence of snow patterns and snow avalanches on the alpine treeline ecotone
    • Walsh S.J., Butler D.R., Allen T.R., Malanson G.P. Influence of snow patterns and snow avalanches on the alpine treeline ecotone. J. Veg. Sci. 5:1994;657-672.
    • (1994) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 657-672
    • Walsh, S.J.1    Butler, D.R.2    Allen, T.R.3    Malanson, G.P.4
  • 88
    • 0027045090 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for rising upper limits of four native New Zealand forest trees
    • Wardle P., Coleman M.C. Evidence for rising upper limits of four native New Zealand forest trees. New Zeeland J. Bot. 30:1992;303-314.
    • (1992) New Zeeland J. Bot. , vol.30 , pp. 303-314
    • Wardle, P.1    Coleman, M.C.2
  • 89
    • 0001914344 scopus 로고
    • Pattern and process in the plant community
    • Watt A.S. Pattern and process in the plant community. J. Ecol. 35:1947;1-22.
    • (1947) J. Ecol. , vol.35 , pp. 1-22
    • Watt, A.S.1
  • 90
    • 0028980506 scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation in tree seedling and krummholz growth in the forest-tundra ecotone of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA
    • Weisberg P.J., Baker W.L. Spatial variation in tree seedling and krummholz growth in the forest-tundra ecotone of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Arct. Alp. Res. 27:1995;116-129.
    • (1995) Arct. Alp. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 116-129
    • Weisberg, P.J.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 91
    • 0028980346 scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation in tree regeneration in the forest-tundra ecotone, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
    • Weisberg P.J., Baker W.L. Spatial variation in tree regeneration in the forest-tundra ecotone, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Can. J. For. Res. 25:1995;1326-1339.
    • (1995) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 1326-1339
    • Weisberg, P.J.1    Baker, W.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.