On dense water formation criteria and their application to the Mediterranean Sea

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 193-221

  Buongiorno Nardelli, B ^a   Salusti, E ^b  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DENSE WATER; FORECASTING METHOD; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; MEDITERRANEAN WATER;

MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

EID: 0342905009     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00054-0     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Anati D.A. A dome of cold water in the Levantine Basin. Deep-Sea Research. 31:1984;1251-1257.
2. Artegiani A., Azzolini R., Salusti E. On dense water in the Adriatic Sea. Ocean. Acta. 12:1989;151-160.
3. Artegiani A., Bregant D., Paschini E., Pinardi N., Raicich F., Russo A. The Adriatic sea general circulation. Part I: Air-sea interaction and water mass structure. Journal of Physics Oceanography. 27:1997;1492-1514.
4. Artegiani A., Bregant D., Paschini E., Pinardi N., Raicich F., Russo A. The Adriatic sea general calculation Part II: baroclinic circulation stucture. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 27:1997;1515-1532.
5. Bouché, V., 1998. On a statistical approach of convective motions in the sea driven by random buoyancy inputs on a homogeneous viscous sea. New Ocean Modelling, submitted for publication.
6. Chapman D. Setting the scale of the ocean response to isolated convection. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 28:1998;606-620.
7. Chapman D.C., Gawarkiewicz G. Shallow convection and buoyancy equilibration in an idealized coastal polynya. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 27:1997;555-566.
8. Coates M.J., Ivey G.N., Taylor J.R. Unsteady, turbulent convection in a rotating linearly, stratified fluid: modeling deep ocean convection. Journal of Physics Oceanography. 25:1995;3022-3050.
9. Crepon M., Boukthir M., Barnier B., Aikman F. Horizontal Ocean circulation forced by deep water formation Part I. an analytical study. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 19:1989;1781-1793.
10. Gascard J.C. Vertical motions in a region of deep water formation. Deep-Sea Research. 20:1973;1011-1027.
11. Gascard J.C. Mediterranean deep water formation, baroclinic instability and oceanic eddies. Oceanologica Acta. 1(3):1978;315-330.
12. Georgopoulus D., Theocharis A., Zodias G. Intermediate water formation in the Cretan sea (South Aegean sea). Oceanologica Acta. 12:1989;353-359.
13. Georgopoulus, O., Salusti, E., Theocharis, 1992. Dense water formation processes in the North Aegean sea (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). Ocean Modelling, 95, unpublished manuscript.
14. Gertman I.F., Ovchinnikov I.M., Popov Yu.I. Deep convection in the Levantine sea Rapp. Comm. Mer Medit. (C.I.E.S.M.). 32(1):1990;172.
15. Gertman I.F., Ovchinnikov I.M., Popov Yu.I. Deep convection in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Oceanology. 34(1):1994;19-25.
16. Green J.S.A. Transfer properties of the large-scale eddies and the general circulation of the atmosphere. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society. 96:1970;157-185.
17. Gremes Cordero, S., 1997. Search for dense water sources in the Mediterranean sea by thermal satellite analyses. Journal Marine Systems, in press.
18. Guibout, P., 1987. Atlas Hydrologique de la Mediterranée; IFREMER and SHOM Paris, 150.
19. Hermann A.J., Owens W.B. Energetics of gravitational adjustment for mesoscale chimneys. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 23:1993;346-371.
20. Jones H., Marshall J. Convection with rotation in a neutral Ocean: a study of open ocean deep convection. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 23:1993;1009-1039.
21. Killworth P.D. The mixing and spreading phases of MEDOC I. Progress in Oceanography. 7:1976;59-90.
22. Killworth P.D. Mixing on the Weddell Sea continental slope. Deep-Sea Research. 25(5):1977;427-488.
23. Lascaratos A. Estimation of deep and intermediate water mass formation rates in Mediterranean sea. Deep-Sea Research. 40:1993;1327-1332.
24. Legg S., Marshall J. A heton model of the spreading phase of open-ocean deep convection. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 23:1993;1040-1056.
25. Madec G., Chartier M., Delecluse P., Crepon M. A three-dimensional numerical study of deep-water formation in the Northwestern Mediterranean sea. Journal of Physics and Oceanorgraphy. 21:1991;1349-1371.
26. Maxworthy, T., 1997. Convection into domains with open boundaries. Annual Review Fluid Mechanics, 29.
27. Maxworthy T., Narimousa T. Unsteady, turbulent convection in a homogeneous rotating fluid with oceanographic application. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 24:1994;865-887.
28. MEDOC group, 1970. Observations of formation of deep water in the Mediterranean sea, 1969. Nature, 227, 1037-1040.
29. Narimousa S. Dynamics of mesoscale vortices generated by turbulent convection at large aspect ratios. Journal of Geophysical Research. 102(C3):1997;5615-5624.
30. Narimousa, S., Maxworthy, T., 1996. The interaction of unsteady, rotating convection with a density interface. Ocean Modelling, 103, unpublished manuscript.
31. Nielsen J.N. Hydrography of the Mediterranean and adjacent waters. Schmidteditor J. Report on the Danish Oceanographic expeditions 1908-1910 to the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas. vol. l:1912;77-191 A.F. Host and Son, Copenhagen.
32. Ovchinnikov I.M., Plakhin Y.A. Formation of the intermediate waters of the Mediterranean Sea in the Rhodes cyclonic gyre. Oceanology. 24(3):1984;317-319.
33. Ovchinnikov I.M., Zats V.I., Krivosheya V.G., Udodov A.I. Formation of deep eastern Mediterranean waters in the Adriatic Sea. Oceanology. 25:1985;704-707.
34. Ozturgut E. The sources and spreading of the Levantine Intermeditate waters in the eastern Mediterranean. Saclantcen Memorandum SM-92. 1976;45 La Spezia, Italy.
35. Phillips, O.M., 1966. On turbulent convection currents and the circulation of the Red Sea. Deep-Sea Research, 1149-1160.
36. Pollack M.I. The source of deep water in the eastern Mediterranean sea. Journal of Marine Research. 10:1951;128-152.
37. Roether W., Manca B., Klein B., Bregant D., Georgopoulos D., Beitzel V., Kovačevic V., Lucchetta A. Recent changes in Eastern Mediterranean deep waters. Science. 271:1996;333-335.
38. Schlitzer R., Roether W., Oster H., Sunghans H., Hausmann M., Johannsen H., Michelato A. Chlorofluoromethane and oxygen in the eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Research. 38:1991;1531-1551.
39. Schott F., Leaman K.D. Observation with moored acoustic Doppler current profiles in the convection regime in the Golfe du Lion. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 21:1991;558-574.
40. Schott F., Visbeck M., Send U. Open ocean deep convection, Mediterranean and Greenland Seas. Malanotte-Rizzoli P., Robinson A.R. Ocean processes in Climate dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples. 1994;437 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
41. Schott F., Visbek M., Send U., Fisher J., Stramma L., Desaubies Y. Observations of deep convection in the Gulf of Lions, Northern Mediterranean, during the winter 1991/92. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 26:1996;505-524.
42. Send U., Marshall J. Integral effects of deep convection. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 25:1995;855-872.
43. Send U., Schott F., Gaillard F., Desaubies Y. Observation of a deep convection regime with acoustic tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research. 100(c4):1995;6927-6941.
44. Smith P.C. A streamtube model for bottom boundary currents in the ocean. Deep-Sea Research. 22:1975;853-873.
45. Sparnocchia S., Picco P., Manzella G., Ribotti A., Copello B., Brasey C. Intermediate water formation in the Ligurian sea. Oceanologica Acta. 18:1995;151-162.
46. Stone P. A simplified radiative-dynamical model for the static stability of rotating atmospheres. Journal of Atmospheric Science. 29:1972;405-418.
47. Straneo, F., Kawase, M., 1999. Comparison of localized convection due to localized forcing and to preconditioning, Journal of Physics and Oceanography, in press.
48. Sur H.I., Orzsoy E., Unluata U. Simultaneous deep and intermediate depth convection in the Northern Levantine sea, winter 1992. Oceanologica Acta. 16:1992;33-43.
49. Swallow J.C., Caston G.F. The pre-conditioning phase of MEDOC 1969. Part I: observations. Deep-Sea Research. 20:1973;429-448.
50. THETIS Group, 1994. Open-ocean deep convection explored in the Mediterranean. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 75 (19), 217-221.
51. Tzipermann E. On the role of interior mixing and air-sea fluxes in determining the stratification and circulation of the oceans. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 16:1986;680-693.
52. Visbeck M., Marshall J., Jones H. Dynamics of isolated convective regions in the ocean. Journal of Physics and Oceanography. 26:1996;1721-1734.
53. Whitehead J., Marshall J., Hufford G. Localized convection in rotating stratified fiuid. Journal of Geophysical Research. 101(C10)(25):1996;705-721.