Influence of three-dimensional radiative effects on the spatial distribution of shortwave cloud reflection

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 57, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 216-229

  Várnai, Tamás ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY   (United States)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; ANISOTROPY; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE REFLECTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MONTE CARLO METHODS; SATELLITES;

MONTE CARLO RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL;

CLOUDS;

CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; OPTICAL DEPTH; REFLECTANCE; SHORTWAVE RADIATION;

EID: 0342748379     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0216:IOTDRE>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Barker, H. W., and J. A. Davies, 1992a: Solar radiative fluxes for stochastic, scale-invariant broken cloud fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1115-1126.
2. _, and _, 1992b: Cumulus cloud radiative properties and the characteristic of satellite radiance wavenumber spectra. Remote Sens. Environ., 42, 51-64.
3. _, and D. Liu, 1995: Inferring optical depth of broken clouds from Landsat data. J. Climate, 8, 2620-2630.
4. Boers, R., J. D. Spinhirne, and W. D. Hart, 1988: Lidar observations of the fine-scale variability of marine stratocumulus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 797-810.
5. Bréon. F.-M., 1992: Reflectance of broken cloud fields: Simulation and parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1221-1232.
6. Cahalan, R. F. and J. B. Snider, 1989: Marine stratocumulus structure. Remote Sens. Environ., 28, 95-107.
7. _, W. Ridgway, W. Wiscombe, S. Gollmer, and Harshvardhan, 1994: Independent pixel and Monte Carlo estimates of stratocumulus albedo. J. Atmos. Sc., 51, 3776-3790.
8. Chambers, L. H., B. A. Wielicki, and K. F. Evans, 1997: Accuracy of the independent pixel approximation for satellite estimates of oceanic boundary layer cloud optical depth. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1779-1794.
9. Davies, R., 1976: The three-dimensional transfer of solar radiation in clouds. Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 220 pp. [Available from Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 728 State St., Madison, WI 53706.]
10. _, 1984: Reflected solar radiances from broken cloud scenes and the interpretation of scanner measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1259-1266.
11. Davis, A., A. Marshak, R. Cahalan, and W. Wiscombe, 1997: The Landsat scale break in stratocumulus as a three-dimensional radiative transfer effect: Implications for cloud remote sensing. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 241-260.
12. Evans, K. E. 1993: Two-dimensional radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres: The spherical harmonic spatial grid method. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3111-3124.
13. Gabriel, P. M., S.-C. Tsay, and G. L. Stephens, 1993: A Fourier-Riccati approach to radiative transfer. Part I: Foundations. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3125-3147.
14. Kobayashi, T., 1993: Effects due to cloud geometry on biases in the cloud albedo derived from radiance measurements. J. Climate, 6, 120-128.
15. Loeb, N. G., and J. A. Coakley Jr., 1998: Inference of marine stratus cloud optical depths from satellite measurements: Does ID theory apply? J. Climate, 11, 215-233.
16. _, T. Várnai, and R. Davies, 1997: Solar zenith angle dependence of solar radiation reflected from inhomogeneous clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9387-9395.
17. _, _, and D. M. Winker, 1998: Influence of subpixel-scale cloud-top structure on reflectances from overcast stratiform cloud layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2960-2973.
18. Lovejoy, S., D. Schertzer, P. Silas, Y. Tessier, and D. Lavallée, 1993: The unified scaling model of atmospheric dynamics and systematic analysis of scale invariance in cloud radiances. Ann. Geophys., 11, 119-127.
19. Marshak, A., A. Davis, W. Wiscombe, and R. Cahalan, 1995a: Radiative smoothing in fractal clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (D), 26247-26261.
20. _, _, _, and G. Titov, 1995b: The verisimilitude of the independent pixel approximation used in cloud remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ., 52, 71-78.
21. McKee, T. B., and J. T. Klehr, 1978: Effects of cloud shape on scattered solar radiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 399-404.
22. Pflug, K., and S. Lovejoy, 1993: Differential rotation and cloud texture: Analysis using generalized scale invariance. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 538-553.
23. Schmetz, J., 1984: On the parameterization of the radiative properties of broken clouds. Tellus, 36A, 417-432.
24. Stephens, G. L., 1988: Radiative transfer through arbitrarily shaped optical media. Part I: A general method of solution. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1818-1836.
25. Tessier, Y., S. Lovejoy, and D. Schertzer, 1993: Universal multifractals: Theory and observations for rain and clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 223-250.
26. Várnai, T., 1996: Reflection of solar radiation by inhomogeneous clouds. Ph.D. thesis, McGill University. 149 pp. [Available from Bibliographic Services, National Library of Canada, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4, Canada.]
27. _, and R. Davies, 1999: Effects of cloud heterogeneities on short-wave radiation: Comparison of cloud-top variability and internal heterogeneity. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 4206-4224.
28. Welch, R. M., and B. A. Wielicki, 1984: Stratocumulus cloud field reflected fluxes: The effect of cloud shape. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3085-3103.
29. _. S. K. Cox, and J. M. Davis, 1980: Solar Radiation and Clouds. Meteor. Monogr., No. 39, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96 pp.
30. Zuidema, P., and K. F. Evans, 1998: On the validity of the independent pixel approximation for boundary layer clouds observed during ASTEX. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6059-6074.