Analysis of deep-water exchange in the Caspian Sea based on environmental tracers

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 621-654

  Peeters, F ^a,b   Kipfer, R ^a,b   Achermann, D ^a,b   Hofer, M ^a,b   Aeschbach Hertig, W ^a,b   Beyerle, U ^a,b   Imboden, D M ^a,b   Rozanski, K ^c   Frohlich K ^d  

^a SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^b SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^c AGH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Poland)

^d INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY   (Austria)

Author keywords

Casapian Sea; Chlorofluorocarbon; Deep water exchange; Helium; Tritium

Indexed keywords

DEEP WATER; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; NOBLE GAS; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE; TRACER;

CASPIAN SEA;

EID: 0342545896     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00066-7     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Aeschbach-Hertig, W., 1994. Helium und Tritium als Tracer für physikalische Prozesse in Seen. Ph.D. Thesis 10714, Swiss Fed. Inst. of Technol. (ETH), Zürich, 272 pp.
2. 3He method Limnology and Oceanography. 41:1996;707-721.
3. Aeschbach-Hertig, W., Peeters, F., Beyerle, U., Kipfer, R., 1999. Interpretation of dissolved atmospheric noble gases in natural waters. Water Resources Research, in press.
4. Benson B.B., Krause D. Isotopic fractionation of helium during solution. A probe for the liquid state Journal of Solution Chemistry. 9:1980;895-909.
5. Bieri R.H. Dissolved noble gases in marine waters. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 10:1971;329-333.
6. Blinov L.K. The physico-chemical properties of Caspian waters and their comparable characteristics. Trudi Gos. Okeanograf. Inst. (GOIN). 68:1962;7-28.
7. 2) as hydrologic tracers and age-dating tools. the alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma Water Resources Research. 28:1992;2257-2284.
8. Clever, H.L. (Ed.), 1979. Krypton, Xenon and Radon - Gas Solubilities. Solubility Data Series., Vol. 2. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
9. Culkin F., Smith N.D. Determination of the concentration of potassium chloride solution having the same electrical conductivity, at 15°C and infinite frequency, as standard sea water of salinity 35.0000 (Chlorinity 19.37394). IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. OE-5(1):1980;2.
10. Dumont H. Ecocide in the Caspian Sea. Nature. 377:1995;673-674.
11. Elkins J.W., Thompson T.M., Swanson T.H., Butler J.H., Hall B.D., Cummings S.O., Fischer D.A., Raffo A.G. Decrease in the growth rates of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12. Nature. 364:1993;780-783.
12. Gill, A.E., 1982. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, San Diego, 662 pp.
13. 2, and Ar in water. Analytical Chemistry. 70:1998;724-729.
14. Hohmann R., Hofer M., Kipfer R., Peeters F., Imboden D.M. Distribution of helium and tritium in Lake Baikal. Journal of Geophysical Research. 103(C6):1998;12823-12838.
15. IAEA, 1996. Research/Training on the Caspian Sea. Data Report 1995. International Atomic Energy Agency, Wien, 95 pp.
16. Katz B.G., Lee T.M., Plummer L.N., Busenberg E. Chemical evolution of groundwater near a sinkhole lake, northern Florida. 1. Flow patterns, age of groundwater, and influence of lake water leakage. Water Resources Research. 31:1995;1549-1564.
17. Kipfer R., Aeschbach-Hertig W., Baur H., Hofer M., Imboden D.M., Signer P. Injection of mantle type helium into Lake Van (Turkey). The clue for quantifying deep water renewal Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 125:1994;357-370.
18. Klinge R.K., Myagkov M.S. Changes in the water regime of the Caspian Sea. Geojournal. 23:1992;299-307.
19. Kosarev, A.N., Tuhylkin, V.C., 1995. Climatic Thermohaline Fields of the Caspian Sea. Hydrometeorological Service of Russia, Moscow, 122 pp.
20. Kosarev, A.N., Yablonskaya, E.A., 1994. The Caspian Sea. The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing, 274 pp.
21. Millero F.J., Chetirkin P.V. The density of Caspian Sea waters. Deep-Sea Research. 27A:1980;265-271.
22. Montzka S.A., Butler J.H., Myers R.C., Thompson T.M., Swanson T.H., Clarke A.D., Lock L.T., Elkins J.W. Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogen from halocarbons. implications for stratospheric ozone depletion Science. 272:1996;1318-1322.
23. Oliver B.M., Bretscher M.M., Farrar H. Mass spectrometric determination of the absolute tritium activities of NBS tritiated water standards. Applied Radiational Isotopes. 40(3):1989;199-208.
24. O'Nions R.K., Oxburgh E.R. Heat and helium in the earth. Nature. 306:1983;429-431.
25. Peeters F., Kipfer R., Hohmann R., Hofer M., Imboden D.M., Kodenev, Khozder T. Modelling transport rates in Lake Baikal. gas exchange and deep water renewal Environmental Science Technology. 31:1997;2973-2982.
26. Rodionov, S.N., 1994. Global and Regional Climate Interaction: the Caspian Sea Experience. Water Science and Technology Library, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 241 pp.
27. Smith S.P., Kennedy B.M. Solubility of noble gases in water and in NaCl brine. Geochemica Cosmochimica Acta. 47:1983;503-515.
28. Torgersen T., Top Z., Clarke W.B., Jenkins W.J., Broecker W.S. A new method for physical limnology - tritium-helium-3 ages - results for Lakes Erie, Huron and Ontario. Limnology and Oceanography. 22:1977;181-193.
29. UNESCO, ICES, SCOR, IAPSO, 1981a. Background papers and supporting data on the international equation of state of seawater 1980. Unesco technical papers in marine science, Nr. 38, UNESCO.
30. UNESCO, ICES, SCOR, IAPSO, 1981b. Background papers and supporting data on the practical salinity scale 1978. Unesco technical papers in marine science, Nr. 37, UNESCO.
31. Warner M.J., Weiss R.F. Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Research. 32:1985;1485-1497.
32. Weiss R.F. The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Research. 17:1970;721-735.
33. Weiss R.F. Solubility of helium and neon in water and seawater. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data. 16:1971;235-241.
34. Weiss R.F., Carmack E.C., Koropalov V.M. Deep-water renewal and biological production in Lake Baikal. Nature. 349:1991;665-669.
35. Wüest A., Piepke G., Halfman J.D. Combined effects of dissolved solids and temperature on the density stratification of Lake Malawi. Johnson T.C., Odada E.O. The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes. 1996;183-202 Gordon and Breach, Toronto.