Effect of Postoperative Epidural Analgesia on Patient Outcomes

Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 140-147

  Wu, Christopher L ^a   Thomsen, Robert W ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; OPIATE;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; EPIDURAL CATHETER; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HUMAN; LUNG DISEASE; META ANALYSIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NOMENCLATURE; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; REVIEW;

EID: 0242609959     PISSN: 1084208X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1084-208X(03)00031-4     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S, et al: Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: Results from overview of randomised trials. Br Med J 321:1493-1496, 2000
2. Rigg JR, Jamrozik K, Myles PS, et al: Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: A randomised trial. Lancet 359:1276-1282, 2002
3. Beattie WS, Badner NH, Choi P: Epidural analgesia reduces postoperative myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 93:853-858, 2001
4. Ballantyne JC, Carr DB, deFerranti S, et al: The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome: Cumulative meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials. Anesth Analg 86:598-612, 1998
5. Hodgson PS, Liu SS: Thoracic epidural anaesthesia and analgesia for abdominal surgery: Effects on gastrointestinal function and perfusion. Balliere's Clin Anaesthesiol 13:9-22, 1999
6. Steinbrook RA: Epidural anesthesia and gastrointestinal motility. Anesth Analg 86:837-844, 1998
7. Norris EJ, Beattie C, Perler BA, et al: Double-masked randomized trial comparing alternate combinations of intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in abdominal aortic surgery. Anesthesiology 95:1054-1067, 2001
8. Wu CL, Fleisher LA: Outcomes research in regional anesthesia and analgesia. Anesth Analg 91:1232-1242, 2000
9. Markel DC, Urquhart B, Derkowska I, et al: Effect of epidural analgesia on venous blood flow after hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Rel Res 334:168-174, 1997
10. Dyer CB, Ashton CM, Teasdale TA: Postoperative delirium: A review of 80 primary data-collection studies. Arch Intern Med 155:461-465, 1995
11. Lynch EP, Lazor MA, Gellis JE, et al: The impact of postoperative pain on the development of postoperative delirium. Anesth Analg 86:781-785, 1998
12. Badner NH, Knill RL, Brown JE, et al: Myocardial infarction after noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 88:572-578, 1998
13. Andreae M: Underdosing the epidural invalidates a good clinical trial. Anesthesiology 97:1026-1027, 2002
14. Liu SS: An intensive, structured clinical trial can markedly reduce length of stay after abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 97:1025, 2002
15. Amar D: Regional techniques and length of hospital stay after abdominal aortic surgery. Anesthesiology 97:1029, 2002
16. Mollhoff T, Theilmeier G, Van Aken H: Regional anaesthesia in patients at coronary risk for noncardiac and cardiac surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 14:17-25, 2001
17. Mangano DT, Browner WS, Hollenberg M, et al: Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 323: 1781-1788, 1990
18. McCann RL, Clements FM: Silent myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery: Incidence and association with perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality. J Vasc Surg 9:583-587, 1989
19. Mangano DT, Hollenberg M, Fergert G, et al: Perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery-I: Incidence and severity during the 4 day perioperative period. J Am Coll Cardiol 17:843-850, 1991
20. Warltier DC, Pagel PS, Kersten JR: Approaches to the prevention of perioperative myocardial ischemia. Anesthesiology 92:253-259, 2002
21. Johannsen UJ, Mark AL, Marcus ML: Responsiveness to cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation during maximal coronary dilation produced by adenosine. Circ Res 50:510-517, 1982
22. Trip MD, Volkert MC, van Capelle FJ, et al: Platelet hyperreactivity and prognosis in survivors of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 322:1549-1554, 1990
23. Veering BT, Cousins MJ: Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of epidural anaesthesia. Anaesth Intens Care 28:620-635, 2000
24. Davis RF, DeBoer LW, Maroko PR: Thoracic epidural anesthesia reduces myocardial infarct size after size after coronary artery occlusion in dogs. Anesth Analg 65:711-717, 1986
25. Blomberg S, Ricksten SE: Thoracic epidural anaesthesia decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischaemia in the anaesthetized rat. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 32:173-178, 1988
26. Blomberg SG: Long-term home self-treatment with high thoracic epidural anesthesia with severe coronary artery disease. Anesth Analg 79:413-421, 1994
27. Rolf N, Van de Velde M, Wouters PF, et al: Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves functional recovery from myocardial stunning in conscious dogs. Anesth Analg 83:935-940, 1996
28. Klassen GA, Bramwell RS, Bromage PR, et al: Effect of acute sympathectomy by epidural anesthesia on the canine coronary circulation. Anesthesiology 52:8-15, 1980
29. Kock M, Blomberg S, Emanuelsson H, et al: Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves global and regional left ventricular function during stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesth Analg 71:625-630, 1990
30. Boylan JF, Katz J, Kavanagh BP, et al: Epidural bupivacaine-morphine analgesia versus patient-controlled analgesia following abdominal aortic surgery: Analgesic, respiratory, and myocardial effects. Anesthesiology 89:585-593, 1998
31. Bode RH Jr, Lewis KP, Zarich SW, et al: Cardiac outcome after peripheral vascular surgery. Comparison of general and regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology 84:3-13, 1996
32. Yeager MP, Glass DD, Neff RK, et al: Epidural anesthesia and analgesia in high-risk surgical patients. Anesthesiology 66:729-736, 1987
33. Tuman KJ, McCarthy RJ, March RJ, et al: Effects of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on coagulation and outcome after major vascular surgery. Anesth Analg 73:696-704, 1991
34. Bois S, Couture P, Boudreault D, et al: Epidural analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia result in similar rates of postoperative myocardial ischemia after aortic surgery. Anesth Analg 85:1233-1239, 1997
35. Taniguchi M, Tkasaba T, Takasaki M: Epidural anesthesia enhances sympathetic nerve activity in the unanesthetized segments in cats. Anesth Analg 84:391-397, 1997
36. Liu S, Carpenter RL, Neal JM: Epidural anesthesia and analgesia: Their role in postoperative outcome. Anesthesiology 82:1474-1506, 1995
37. Clagett GP, Anderson FA, Heit J, et al: Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 108:312S-334S, 1995
38. Rosenfeld BA: Benefits of regional anesthesia on thromboembolic complications following surgery. Reg Anesth 21:S9-S12, 1996
39. Sorenson RM, Pace NL: Anesthetic techniques during surgical repair of femoral neck fractures: A meta-analysis. Anesthesiology 77:1095-1104, 1992
40. Christopherson R, Beattie C, Frank SM, et al: Perioperative morbidity in patients randomized to epidural or general anesthesia for lower extremity vascular surgery. Anesthesiology 79:422-434, 1993
41. Rosenfeld BA, Beattie C, Christopherson R, et al: The effects of different anesthetic regimens on fibrinolysis and the development of postoperative arterial thrombosis. Anesthesiology 79:435-443, 1993
42. Jorgensen LN, Rasmussen LS, Nielsen PT, et al: Antithrombotic efficacy of continuous extradural analgesia after knee replacement. Br J Anaesth 66:8-12, 1991
43. Dalldorf PG, Perkins FM, Totterman S, et al: Deep venous thrombosis following total hip arthroplasty: Effect of prolonged postoperative epidural anesthesia. J Arthroplasty 9:611-616, 1994
44. Livingston EH, Passaro EP Jr: Postoperative ileus. Dig Dis Sci 35:121-132, 1990
45. Saito H, Trocki O, Alexander JW, et al: The effect of route of nutrient administration on the nutritional state, catabolic hormone secretion, and gut mucosal integrity after burn injury. J Parenteral Enteral Nutrition 11:1-7, 1987
46. Moore FA, Feliciano DV, Andrassay RJ, et al: Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. Ann Surg 216:172-183, 1992
47. Shou J, Lappin J, Minnard EA, et al: Total parenteral nutrition, bacterial translocation, and host immune function. Am J Surg 167: 145-150, 1994
48. Kehlet H, Holte K: Review of postoperative ileus. Am J Surg 182(Suppl):3S-10S, 2001
49. Taguchi A, Sharma N, Saleem RM, et al: Selective postoperative inhibition of gastrointestinal opioid receptors. N Engl J Med 345:935-940, 2001
50. Udassin R, Eimerl D, Schiffman J, et al: Epidural anesthesia accelerates the recovery of postischemic bowel motility in the rat. Anesthesiology 80:832-836, 1994
51. Rimback G, Cassuto J, Wallin G, et al: Inhibition of peritonitis by amide local anesthetics. Anesthesiology 69:881-886, 1988
52. Groudine SB, Fisher HA, Kaufman RP, et al: Intravenous lidocaine speeds the return of bowel function, decreases postoperative pain, and shortens hospital stay in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Anesth Analg 86:235-239, 1998
53. Jorgensen H, Wetterslev J, Moiniche S, et al: Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid-based analgesic regimens on postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, PONV and pain after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD001893, 2000
54. Liu SS, Carpenter RL, Mackey DC, et al: Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on rate of recovery after colon surgery. Anesthesiology 83:757-765, 1995
55. de Leon-Casasola OA, Karabella D, Lema MJ: Bowel function recovery after radical hysterectomies: Thoracic epidural bupivacaine-morphine versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine: A pilot study. J Clin Anesth 8:87-92, 1996
56. Scheinin B, Asantila R, Orko R: The effect of bupivacaine and morphine on pain and bowel function after colonic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 31:161-164, 1987
57. Thoren T, Wattwil M: Effects on gastric emptying of thoracic epidural analgesia with morphine or bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 67:687-694, 1988
58. Thorn SE, Wickborn G, Philipson L, et al: Myoelectric activity in the stomach and duodenum after epidural administration of morphine or bupivacaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 40:773-778, 1996
59. Jorgensen H, Fomsgaard JS, Dirks J, et al: Effect of epidural bupivacaine vs combined epidural bupivacaine and morphine on gastrointestinal function and pain after major gynaecological surgery. Br J Anaesth 87:727-732, 2001
60. Dales RE, Dionne G, Leech JA, et al: Preoperative prediction of pulmonary complications following thoracic surgery. Chest 104:155-159, 1993
61. Warner DO, Warner MA, Ritman EL: Human chest wall function during epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology 85:761-773, 1996
62. Brimioulle S, Vachiery JL, Brichant JF, et al: Sympathetic modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in intact dogs. Cardiovasc Res 34:384-392, 1997
63. Turfrey DJ, Bay DA, Sutcliffe NP, et al: Thoracic epidural anaesthesia for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Effects on postoperative complications. Anaesthesia 52:1090-1095, 1994
64. Stenseth R, Bjella L, Berg EM, et al: Effects of thoracic epidural analgesia on pulmonary function after coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothor Surg 10:859-865, 1996
65. Wu CL, Naqibuddin M, Fleisher LA: Measurement of patient satisfaction as an outcome of regional anesthesia and analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med 26:196-208, 2001
66. Carli F, Mayo N, Klubien K, et al: Epidural analgesia enhances functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life after colonic surgery. Anesthesiology 97:540-549, 2002
67. Gottschalk A, Smith DS, Jobes DR, et al: Preemptive epidural analgesia and recovery from radical prostatectomy. JAMA 279:1076-1082, 1998
68. Mann C, Pouzeraate Y, Boccara G, et al: Comparison of intravenous or epidural patient-controlled analgesia in the elderly after major abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 92:433-441, 2000
69. Dolin SJ, Cashman JN, Bland JM: Effectiveness of acute postoperative pain management: I. Evidence from published data. Br J Anaesth 89:409-423, 2002
70. Fung D, Cohen MM: Measuring patient satisfaction with anesthesia care: A review of current methodology. Anesth Analg 87:1089-1098, 1998
71. Liu SS, Allen HW, Olsson GL: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl on hospital wards: Prospective experience with 1,030 surgical patients. Anesthesiology 88:688-695, 1998
72. Brennum J, Arendt-Nielsen L, Secher NH, et al: Quantitative sensory examination in human epidural anaesthesia and analgesia: Effects of lidocaine. Pain 51:27-34, 1992
73. Chisakuta AM, George KA, Hawthorne CT: Postoperative epidural infusion of a mixture of bupivacaine 0.2% with fentanyl for upper abdominal surgery. A comparison of thoracic and lumbar routes. Anaesthesia 50:72-75, 1995
74. Magnusdottir H, Kirno K, Riksten SE, et al: High thoracic epidural anesthesia does not inhibit sympathetic nerve activity in the lower extremities. Anesthesiology 91:1299-1304, 1999
75. Broekema AA, Gielen MJ, Hennis PJ: Postoperative analgesia with continuous epidural sufentanil and bupivacaine: A prospective study in 614 patients. Anesth Analg 82:754-759, 1996
76. Kahn L, Baxter FJ, Dauphin A, et al: A comparison of thoracic and lumbar epidural techniques for post-thoracoabdominal esophagectomy analgesia. Can J Anaesth 46:415-422, 1999
77. Kehlet H: Modification of responses to surgery by neural blockade: Clinical implications, in Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds): Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and Management of Pain. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott-Raven, 1998, pp 129-175
78. Rutberg H, Hakanson E, Anderberg B, et al: Effects of the extradural administration of morphine, or bupivacaine, on the endocrine response to upper abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 56:233-238, 1984
79. Hollman MW, Durieux ME: Local anesthetics and the inflammatory response? A new therapeutic indication? Anesthesiology 93:858-875, 2000
80. Wallin G, Cassuto J, Hogstrom S, et al: Failure of epidural anesthesia to prevent postoperative paralytic ileus. Anesthesiology 65:292-297, 1986
81. Kanazi GE, Thompson JS, Boskovski NA: Effect of epidural analgesia on postoperative ileus after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Am Surg 62:499-502, 1996
82. Hjortso NC, Neumann P, Frosig F, et al: A controlled study on the effect of epidural analgesia with local anaesthetics and morphine on morbidity after abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 29:790-796, 1985
83. Neudecker J, Schwenk W, Junghans T, et al: Randomized controlled trial to examine the influence of thoracic epidural analgesia on postoperative ileus after laparoscopic sigmoid resection. Br J Surg 86:1292-1295, 1999
84. Rawal N, Sjostrand U, Christoffersson E, et al: Comparison of intramuscular and epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia in the grossly obese: Influence on postoperative ambulation and pulmonary function. Anesth Analg 63:583-592, 1984
85. Kehlet H: Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth 78:606-617, 1997
86. Brodner G, Pogatzki E, Van Aken H, et al: A multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation in patients undergoing abdominothoracic esophagectomy. Anesth Analg 86: 228-234, 1998
87. Basse L, Jakobsen D, Billesbolle P, et al: A clinical pathway to accelerate recovery after colonic resection. Ann Surg 232:51-57, 2000
88. Brodner G, Van Aken H, Hertle L, et al: Multimodal perioperative management-combining thoracic epidural analgesia, forced mobilization, and oral nutrition-reduces hormonal and metabolic stress and improves convalescence after major urologic surgery. Anesth Analg 92:1594-1600, 2001
89. Kehlet H, Wilmore DW: Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg 183:630-641, 2002
90. Kehlet H, Holte K: Effect of postoperative analgesia on surgical outcome. Br J Anaesth 87:62-72, 2001
91. Boisseau N, Rabary O, Padovani B, et al: Improvement of "dynamic analgesia" does not decrease atelectasis after thoracotomy. Br J Anaesth 87:564-569, 2001