The effect of dietary energy and protein levels on production in breeding female ostriches

British Poultry Science

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 598-606

  Brand, Z ^a   Brand, T S ^a   Brown, C R ^b,c  

^a Elsenburg Agricultural Centre   (South Africa)

^b RHODES UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^c HARTPURY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; BREEDING; CALORIC INTAKE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EGG LAYING; ENERGY METABOLISM; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MALE; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; OSTRICH; PROTEIN INTAKE; SOUTH AFRICA;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; BODY WEIGHT; BREEDING; DIETARY PROTEINS; ENERGY INTAKE; ENERGY METABOLISM; FEMALE; MALE; OVIPOSITION; SOUTH AFRICA; STRUTHIONIFORMES;

ANIMALIA; AVES; STRUTHIO CAMELUS; STRUTHIONIFORMES;

EID: 0242574792     PISSN: 00071668     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00071660310001618343     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. ANGEL, C.R. (1993) Obesity and reproduction. The Ostrich Discussion Group News, April 6th-7th.
2. AOAC (1984) Official Methods of Analysis. 13th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
3. BADLEY, A.R. (1997) Fertility, hatchability and incubation of ostrich (Struthio camelus) eggs. Poultry Avian Biology Reviews, 8: 53-76.
4. BOLTON, M., HOUSTON, D.C. & MONAGHAN, P. (1992) Nutritional constraints on egg formation in the lesser black-backed gull: an experimental study. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61: 521-532.
5. BRAND, T.S. (2000) Elsenburg Ostrich Feed Databases (Elsenburg, South Africa, Elsenburg Agricultural Research Centre).
6. BRAND, T.S., BRAND, Z., NEL, C., VAN SCHALKWYK, S.J. & SALIH, M. (2000a) Recent advances in research on ostrich nutrition led to lower production cost. Elsenburg Journal, 8-18 (in Afrikaans).
7. BRAND, T.S., NEL, C.J. & VAN SCHALKWYK, S.J. (2000b) The effect of dietary energy and protein level on the production of growing ostriches. South African Society of Animal Science 38th Congress, 25th to 27th July 2000, p. 117.
8. CAREY, C. (1996) Female reproductive energetics, in: CAREY, C. (Ed) Avian Energetics and Nutritional Ecology, pp. 324-373 (New York, Chapman & Hall).
9. CILLIERS, S.C. (1994) Evaluation of feedstuffs and the metabolisable energy and amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth in ostriches (Struthio camelus). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
10. CILLIERS, S.C. & ANGEL, C.R. (1999) Basic concepts and recent advances in digestion and nutrition, in: DEEMING, D.C. (Ed) The Ostrich: Biology, Production and Health, pp. 105-128 (Wallingford, CAB Publishing).
11. DE BRUM, P.A.R., PENZ, A.M., JR, GUIDONI, A.L., ALBINO, L.F.T. & BELLO, F.F. (1996) Effect of protein level of broiler breeder hen diets on offspring performance. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, 25: 458-469.
12. DEEMING, D.C., SIBLY, R.M. & MAGOLE, I.L. (1996) Estimation of weight and body condition of ostriches (Struthio camelus) from body measurements. Veterinary Record, 139: 210-213.
13. ELDRIDGE, J.L. & KRAPU, G.L. (1988) The influence of diet quality on clutch size and laying pattern in mallards. Auk, 105: 102-110.
14. GOERZEN, P.R., JULSRUD, W.L. & ROBINSON, F.E. (1996) Duration of fertility in ad libitum and feed-restricted caged broiler breeders. Poultry Science, 75: 962-965.
15. HOUSTON, D.C., JONES, P.J. & SIBLY, R.M. (1983) The effect of female body condition on egg laying in lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus. Journal of Zoology, London, 200: 509-520.
16. LILBURN, M.S., NGIAM-RILLING, K. & SMITH, J.H. (1987) Relationship between dietary protein, dietary energy, rearing environment and nutrient utilization by broiler breeder pullets. Poultry Science, 66: 1111-1118.
17. LOPEZ, G. & LEESON, S. (1995a) Response of broiler breeders to low-protein diets. 1. Adult breeder performance. Poultry Science, 74: 685-695.
18. LOPEZ, G. & LEESON, S. (1995b) Response of broiler breeders to low-protein diets. 2. Offspring performance. Poultry Science, 74: 696-701.
19. MALDEN, C.N., RICHARD, E.A. & LESLIE, E.G. (1979) Poultry Production, 12th edn, pp. 191-252 (Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger).
20. NAGER, R.G., RŸEGGER, C. & VAN NOORDWIJK, A.J. (1997) Nutrient or energy limitation on egg formation: a feeding experiment in greater tits. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66: 496-507.
21. RAMSAY, S.L. & HOUSTON, D.C. (1997) Nutritional constraints on egg production in the blue tit: a supplementary feeding study. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66: 649-657.
22. ROSEBROUGH, R.W., STEELE, N.C., MCMURTRY, J.P., RICHARDS, M.P. & CALVERT, C.C. (1983) Role of protein and energy in the regulation of energy metabolism and reproductive performance of large white turkey hens. Poultry Science, 62: 2452-2459.
23. SALIH, M.E., BRAND, T.S., VAN SCHALKWYK, S.J., BLOOD, J.R., PFISTER, A.P., BRAND, Z. & AKBAY, R. (1998) The effect of dietary fiber level on the production of growing ostriches. Proceedings of the 2nd International Ratites Conference, Oudtshoorn, South Africa, pp. 31-37.
24. SCOTT, T.A., SILVERSIDES, F.G., TIETGE, D. & SWIFT, M.L. (1999) Effect of feed form, formulation and restriction on the performance of laying hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 79: 171-178.
25. SKADHAUGE, E., WARŸI, C.N., KAMAU, J.M.Z. & MALOIY, G.M.O. (1984) Function of the lower intestine and osmoregulation in the ostrich: preliminary anatomical and physiological observations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology, 69: 809-819.
26. SPRATT, R.S. & LEESON, S. (1987) Broiler breeder performance in response to diet protein and energy. Poultry Science, 66: 683-693.
27. STATGRAPHICS 5.0 (1991) Statistical Graphics Systems, pp. 15-33 (Rockville, MD, Statistical Graphics Corporation Inc.).
28. SWART, D. (1988). Studies on the hatching, growth, and energy metabolism of ostrich chicks. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, pp. 1-27.
29. SWART, D. & KEMM, E.M. (1985) The effect of protein and energy on the growth performance and feather production of slaughter ostriches under feedlot conditions. South African Journal of Science, 15: 146-150.
30. VAN SCHALKWYK, S.J. (1998) Improvement of fertility and hatchability of artificially incubated eggs in the Little Karoo. M.Sc. Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, pp. 86-107.
31. VAN SCHALKWYK, S.J., CLOETE, S.W.P. & DE KOCK, J.A. (1996) Repeatability and phenotypic correlation for body weight and reproduction in commercial ostrich breeding pairs. British Poultry Science, 37: 953-962.
32. WILLIAMS, T.D. (1994) Intraspecific variation in egg size and egg composition in birds: effects on offspring fitness. Biology Review, 68: 35-59.
33. WILLIAMS, D.T. (1996) Variation in reproductive effort in female Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) in relation to nutrient-specific dietary supplements during egg laying. Physiological of Zoology, 69: 1255-1275.