The potential for Compton scattered X-rays in food inspection: The effect of multiple scatter and sample inhomogeneity

Journal of Agricultural and Engineering Research

Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 265-274

  McFarlane, N J B ^a   Bull, C R ^a   Tillett, R D ^a   Speller, R D ^b   Royle, G J ^b   Johnson, K R A ^b  

^a SILSOE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0242570941     PISSN: 00218634     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0508     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Attix F H (1986). Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, chapter 7, pp 124-147. Wiley, NY, ISBN 0-471-01146-0
2. Birch R; Marshall M; Ardran G M (1979). Catalogue of spectral data for diagnostic X-rays. HPA Scientific Report Series 30
3. Bull C R; Zwiggelaar R (1997a). Discrimination between low atomic number materials from their characteristic scattering of X-ray radiation. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 68, 77-87
4. Bull C R; Zwiggelaar R; Speller R D (1997b). Review of inspection techniques based on the elastic and inelastic scattering of X-rays and their potential in the food and agricultural industry. Journal of Food Engineering, 33, 167-179
5. Davies E R; Patel D; Johnstone A I C (1995). Crucial issues in the design of a real-time contaminant system for food products. Real-time Imaging, 1, 397-407
6. Duke P R; Hanson J A (1984). Compton scatter densitometry with polychromatic sources. Medical Physics, 11(5), Sept/Oct, 624-632
7. Dykes G W (1985). Automated inspection of food jars for glass fragments. Proceedings of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers Conference on Machine Vision, "Vision 85", Detroit, MI, USA, 25-28 March, chapter 6, pp 21-30
8. Finney E E; Norris K H (1971). X-ray scans for detecting hollow-heart in potatoes. American Potato Journal, 55, 95-105
9. Graves M; Batchelor B G; Palmer S (1994a). 3D X-ray inspection of food products. Proceedings of the SPIE conference on applications of digital image processing XVII, San Diego, CA, USA, 26-29 July, Vol 298, chapter 78, pp 248-259
10. Graves M; Smith A; Batchelor B (1998). Approaches to foreign body detection in foods. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 9, 21-27
11. Graves M; Smith A; Batchelor B G; Palmer S (1994b). Design and analysis of X-ray vision systems for high-speed detection of foreign body contamination in food. Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Machine Vision and Applications, Architectures and Systems Integration, III, Boston, MA, USA, 31 October -2 November, Vol. 2347, chapter 42, pp 80-92
12. Han Y J; Bowers S V; Dodd R B (1992). Nondestructive detection of split-pit peaches. Transactions of the ASAE, 35(6), Nov-Dec, 2063-2067
13. Harding G (1997). Inelastic photon scattering effects and applications in biomedical science and industry. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 50(1), 91-111
14. Harding G; Kozanetsky J (1989). Scattered X-ray beam non-destructive testing. Nuclear Instruments in Physics Research A, 280(2-3), 517-528
15. Harding G; Kosanetzky J; Neitzel U (1987). X-ray diffraction computed tomography. Medical Physics, 14(4), Jul/Aug, 515-525
16. Jenkins T M; Nelson W R; Rindi A (1988). Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons, chapter 12, pp 287-305. Plenum Press, New York, http://ehssun.lbl.gov/egs/egs.html
17. Kalliat M; Kwak C Y; Schmidt P W; Cutter B E; McGinnes E A (1983). Small angle X-ray scattering measurement of porosity in wood following pyrolysis. Wood Science and Technology, 7, 241-257
18. Lenker D H; Adrian P A (1971). Use of X-rays for selecting mature lettuce heads. Transactions of the ASAE, 14(5), 894-989
19. Luggar R D; Gilboy W B (1994). Applications of Rayleigh scattered photons to substance identification. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Research A, 353(1-3), 650-653
20. Luggar R D; Horrocks J A; Farquharson M J; Speller R D; Lacey R J (1996). Real time analysis of scattered X-ray spectra for sheet explosives detection. Proceedings of the SPIE, 2936 (Nov), 219-229
21. Martens G; Bomsdorf H; Harding G; Kanzenbach J; Linde R (1993). Coherent X-ray scatter imaging for foodstuff contamination detection. Proceedings of the SPIE, Substance detection systems, 2092, 387-397
22. Ogawa Y; Morita K; Tanaka S; Setoguchi M; Thai C N (1998). Application of X-ray CT for detection of physical foreign materials in foods. Transactions of the ASAE, 41(1), 157-162
23. Patel D; Davies E R; Hannah I (1996). The use of convolution operators for detecting contaminants in food images. Pattern Recognition, 29(26), 1019-1029
24. Penman D W (1996). Automated X-ray detection of contaminants in continuous food streams. Proceedings of the SPIE, 2908, Chapter 31, pp 160-166
25. Penman D; Olsson O; Beach D (1992). Automatic X-ray inspection of canned products for foreign material. Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Machine Vision Applications, Architectures and Systems Integration, Boston, USA, 17-18 November chapter 36, pp 342-347
26. Royle G J; Speller R D (1995). Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of bone and marrow volumes in excised femoral head samples. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 40, 1487-1498
27. Schatzki T F; Haff R P; Young R; Can I; Le L C; Toyofuku N (1997). Defect detection in apples by means of X-ray imaging. Transactions of the ASAE, 40(5), 1407-1415
28. Schrevens E; De Busscher R; Verstreken E; De Baerdemaeker J (1998). Detection of hollow pears by tree based modelling on non-destructive acoustic response spectra. Acta Horticulturae, 464, chapter 130, pp 441-446
29. Speller R D; Horrocks J A (1991). Photon scattering: a new source of information in medicine and biology? Physics in Medicine and Biology, 36(1), 1-6
30. Strecker H; Harding G; Bomsdorf H; Kanzenbach J; Linde R; Martens G (1993). Detection of explosives in airport baggage using coherent X-ray scatter. Proceedings of the SPIE, Substance detection systems, 2092, chapter 52, pp 399-410
31. Tollner E W; Hung Y C; Upchurch B L; Prussia S E (1992). Relating X-ray absorption to density and water content in apples. Transactions of the ASAE, 35(6), Nov-Dec, 1921-1928
32. Zhu P; Peix G; Babot D; Muller J (1995). In-line density measurement system using X-ray Compton scattering. NDT & E International, 28(1), 3-7
33. Zwiggelaar R; Bull C R; Mooney M J (1996). X-ray simulations for imaging applications in the agricultural and food industries. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 63, 161-170
34. Zwiggelaar R; Bull C R; Mooney M J; Czarnes S (1997). The detection of "soft" materials by selective energy X-ray transmission imaging and computer tomography. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 66, 203-212