Long-term base cation balances of forest mineral soils in Finland

Water, Air, and Soil Pollution

Volumn 150, Issue 1-4, 2003, Pages 255-273

  Joki Heiskala, Päivi ^a   Johansson, Matti ^a   Holmberg, Maria ^a   Mattsson, Tuija ^a   Forsius, Martin ^a   Kortelainen, Pirkko ^a   Hallin, Lena ^a  

^a FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Base cation balances; Deposition; Soils; Weathering; Whole tree harvesting

Indexed keywords

FORESTRY; HARVESTING; POSITIVE IONS; REDUCTION; VEGETATION; WEATHERING;

CATION BALANCES; CATION DEPLETION;

SOILS;

CALCIUM; CATION; MAGNESIUM; POTASSIUM; SULFUR;

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL; ALKALINITY; ARTICLE; ASH; CALCULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FINLAND; FOREST SOIL; GEOGRAPHY; HARVESTING; LEACHING; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; PLANT STEM; SOIL ANALYSIS; TREE; VEGETATION; WEATHERING;

FRAXINUS;

EID: 0242525628     PISSN: 00496979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1026139730651     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Ahtiainen, M.: 1988, 'Effects of Clear Cutting and Forestry Drainage on Water Quality in the Nurmes-study', Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Hydrology of Wetlands in Temperate and Cold Regions, Joensuu, Finland, 6-8 June 1988, Vol. 1, Publications of the Academy of Finland, 4.
2. Ahtainen, M.: 1991, 'Avohakkuun ja metsäojituksen vaikutukset purovesien laatuun (The effects of clear-cutting and forestry drainage on water quality of forest brooks)' Publications of the Water and Environment Administration - Series A 45, Helsinki, 122 pp. (in Finnish with English summary).
3. Ahtiainen, M.: 1992, 'The effects of clear-cutting and scarification on the water quality of small brooks', Hydrobiologia 243/244, 465-473.
4. Amann, M., Bertok, I., Cofala, J., Gyarfas, F., Heyes, C., Klimont, Z. and Schöpp, W.: 1996, 'Cost-effective Control of Acidification and Ground-Level Ozone', Second Interim Report to the European Commission (DG XI) IIASA, December 1996, 112 pp.
5. Anttila, P.: 1998, 'Tuhkan Kemiallinen Analysointi', in P. Anttila and A. Korpilahti (eds), Tuhkahankkeen väliseminaari 1998. Metsätehon raportti 52, 26-29, Helsinki, 51 pp. (in Finnish).
6. Anttila, P. and Korpilahti, A. (eds): 1998, 'Tuhkahankkeen väliseminaari 1998', Metsätehon raportti 52, Helsinki, 51 pp. (in Finnish).
7. Boyle, J. R. and Voigt, G. K.: 1973, 'Biological weathering of silicate minerals, implications for tree nutrition and soil genesis', Plant and Soil 38, 191-201.
8. EMEP/MSC-W: 1998, 'Transboundary Acidifying Air Pollution in Europe, Part 1: Calculation of Acidifying and Eutrophying Compounds and Comparison with Observations', EMEP/MSC-W Report 1/1998, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway, 150 pp.
9. Eriksson, E., Karltun, E. and Lundmark, J. E.: 1992, 'Long-term changes in pH of forest soils in southern Sweden', Ambio 21, 150-154.
10. Eriksson, H. M.: 1996, 'Effects of Tree Species and Nutrient Application on Distribution and Budgets of Base Cations in Swedish Forest Ecosystems', D.Sc. Thesis. Silvestria 2, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 31 pp.
11. Eriksson, H. M. and Jönsson, C.: 1994, 'Four tree species and the calcium, magnesium, and potassium budgets of a Swedish forest site', New Zealand J. For. Sci. 25(2/3), 415-426.
12. Eriksson, J. and Börjesson, P.: 1991, 'Wood Ash in Forests. A Literature Review', Vattenfall, FUD-raport 1991/46, 77 pp. (in Swedish).
13. Ferm, A., Hokkanen, T., Moilanen, M. and Issakainen, J.: 1992, 'Effects of wood bark ash on the grouth and nutrition of a Scots pine afforestation in central Finland', Plant and Soil 147, 305-316.
14. Forsius, M., Kleemola, S., Starr, M. and Ruoho-Airola, T.: 1995, 'Ion mass budgets for small forested catchments in Finland', Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 79, 19-38.
15. Fransman, B. and Nihlgård, B.: 1995, 'Water chemistry in forested catchments after topsoil treatment with liming agents in South Sweden', Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 85, 895-900.
16. Fritze, H., Perkiömäki, J., Saarela, U., Katainen, R., Tikka, P., Yrjälä, K., Karp, M., Haimi, J. and Romantschuk, M.: 2000, 'Effect of Cd-containing wood ash on the microflora of coniferous forest humus', FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 32, 43-51.
17. Fritze, H., Perkiömäki, J., Petäinen, T., Pennanen, T., Romantschuk, M., Karp, M. and Yrjälä, K.: 2001, 'A microcosmos study on the effects of Cd-containing wood ash on the coniferous humus fungal community and the Cd bioavailability', J. Soils Sedim. 1, 146-150.
18. Hakkila, P.: 1979, 'Wood density and dry weight tables for pine, spruce and birch stems in Finland', Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 96(3), 59 pp.
19. Hallbäcken, L. and Tamm, C. O.: 1986, 'Changes in soil acidity from 1927 to 1982-1984 in a forest area of southwest Sweden', Scan. J. For. Res. 1, 219-232.
20. Haveraaen, O.: 1981, 'Virkning av hogst på vannmengde og vannkvalitet fra rstnorsk barskog (The effect of cutting on water quantity and water quality from East-Norwegian coniferous forest)', Reports of the Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 36(7), 27 pp. (in Norwegian with English summary).
21. Huikari, O.: 1973, 'Koetuloksia metsäojitettujen soiden lannoituksesta (Results of fertilization experiments on peatlands drained for forestry)', Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen suontutkimusosaston tiedonantoja 1, 154 pp. (in Finnish with an English summary).
22. Johansson, M.: 1999, 'Integrated Models for the Assessment of Air Pollution Control Requirements', Monographs of the Boreal Environment Research, 13, Finnish Environment Institute, Finland.
23. Johansson, M. and Janssen, P.: 1994, 'Uncertainty Analysis on Critical Loads for Forest Soils', in J. Grasman and G. van Straten (eds), Predictability and Nonlinear Modelling in Natural Sciences and Economics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 447-459.
24. Johansson, M. and Tarvainen, T.: 1997, 'Estimation of weathering rates for critical load calculations in Finland, Environ. Geol. 29(3/4), 158-164.
25. Johansson, M., Kämäri, J., Pipatti, R., Savolainen, I., Tuovinen, J. P. and Tähtinen, M.: 1990, 'Development of an Integrated Model for the Assessment of Acidification in Finland', in P. Kauppi, P. Anttila and K. Kenttämies (eds), Acidification in Finland, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 1171-1194.
26. Järvinen, O. and Vänni, T.: 1990, 'Bulk Deposition Chemistry in Finland', in P. Kauppi, P. Anttila and K. Kenttämies (eds), Acidification in Finland, Springer, Berlin, pp. 151-165.
27. Kallio, K. and Kauppi, L.: 1990, 'Ion Budgets of Small Forested Basins', in P. Kauppi, P. Anttila and K. Kenttämies (eds), Acidification in Finland, Springer, Berlin, pp. 811-823.
28. Kortelainen, P., Saukkonen, S. and Mattsson, T.: 1997, 'Leaching of nitrogen from forested catchments in Finland', Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 627-638.
29. Kubin, E.: 1995, 'Site Preparation and Leaching of Nutrients', Proceedings of the Symposium Northern Siviculture and Management, 16-22 August 1987 in Lapland, Finland, Metsäntutkimuslaitos, Research Papers, 567, pp. 55-62.
30. Kubin, E.: 1998, 'Leaching of nitrate nitrogen into the groundwater after clear felling and site preparation', Boreal Environ. Res. 3, 3-8.
31. Kuusela, K.: 1977, 'Increment and Timber Assortment Structure and their Regionality of the Forests of Finland in 1970-1976', Folia Forestalia 320, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki.
32. Levula, T.: 1991, 'Tuhkalannoitus kangasmaalla', Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja 394, 49-59 (in Finnish).
33. Levula, T., Saarsalmi, A. and Rautavaara, A.: 2000, 'Effects of ash fertilization and prescribed burning on macronutrient, heavy metal, sulphur and 137Cs consentrations in lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)', For Ecol. Manage. 126, 269-279.
34. Lodenius, M., Soltanpour-Gargari, A. and Tulisalo, E.: 2002, 'Cadmium in forest mushrooms after application of wood ash', Bull. Env. Cont. Toxicol. 68, 211-216.
35. Ludwig, B., Khanna, P. K., Hölscher, D. and Anurugsa, B.: 1999, 'Modelling changes in cations in the topsoil of an Amazonian Acrisol in response to additions of wood ash', Eur. J. Soil Sci. 50, 717-72.
36. Lyman, J. and Fleming, R. H.: 1940, 'Composition of sea water', J. Marine Res. 3(2), 134-146.
37. Matzner, E. and Ulrich, B.: 1983, 'Effects of Acid Precipitation on Soil', in R. A. Fazzolare and C. B. Smith (eds), Beyond the Energy Crisis. Opportunity and Challenge, Vol. 4, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 555-563.
38. Nellemann, C. and Esser, J. M.: 1998, 'Crown condition and soil acidification in Norwegian spruce forests', Ambio 27(2), 143-147.
39. Nilsson, S. I.: 1985, 'Why is lake Gårdsjön acid? - An evaluation of processes contributing to soil and water acidification', Ecoll. Bull. 37, 311-318.
40. Nilsson, S. I.: 1993, 'Acidification of Swedish oligotropic lakes - Interactions between deposition, forest growth and effects on lake-water quality', Ambio 22(5), 272-276.
41. Nilsson, S. I., Miller, H. G. and Miller, J. D.: 1982, 'Forest growth as a possible cause of soil and water acidification; an examination of the concepts', Oikos 39, 40-49.
42. Nilsson, T. and Lundin, L.: 1996, 'Effects of drainage and wood ash fertilization on water chemistry at a cutover peatland', Hydrobiologia 335, 3-18.
43. Nykvist, N. and Rosén, K.: 1985, 'Effect of clear-felling and slash removal on the acidity of northern coniferous soils', For. Ecol. Manage. 11, 157-169.
44. Ojansuu, R. and Henttonen, H.: 1983, 'Estimation of local values of monthly mean temperature, effective temperature sum and precipitation sum from the measurements made by the Finnish Meteorological Office', Silva Fennica 17(2), 143-160 (in Finnish with English summary).
45. Olsson, M. and Melkerud, P.-A.: 1991, 'Determination of Weathering Rates Based on Chemical Properties of the Soil', in E. Pulkkinen (ed.), Environmental Geochemistry in Northern Europe, Geol. Sur. Finl. Spec. Pap., 9, pp. 69-78.
46. Olsson, M., Rosen, K. and Melkerud, P.-A.: 1993, 'Regional modelling of base cation losses from Swedish forest soils due to whole-tree harvesting', Applied Geochem., Suppl. Issue, 2, 189-194.
47. Oren, R., Schulze, E.-D., Werk, K. S. and Meyer, J.: 1988, 'Performance of two Picea abies (L.) Karlst. Stands at different stages of decline', Oecologia 77, 163-177.
48. Petersen, L.: 1976, Podzolization, DFR. Forlag, Copenhagen, 293 pp.
49. Piirainen, S.: 2000, 'Huuhtoumat tuhkalannoitetuilta turvemailta', Metsätehon raportti 90, Helsinki, 20 pp. (in Finnish).
50. Posch, M., De Smet, P. A. M., Hettelingh, J.-P. and Downing, R. J. (eds): 1999, Calculation and Mapping of Critical Thresholds in Europe: CCE Status Report 1999, National Insitute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Rep. 259101009, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, 165 pp.
51. Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A. and Vetterling, W. T.: 1986, Numerical Recipes. The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press, New York, 818 pp.
52. Rose, A. W., Hawkes, H. E. and Webb, J. S.: 1979, Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration, Academic Press, London, 657 pp.
53. Rosenquist, I. T.: 1977, Sur Jord-Surt Vann, Ingeniørlaget, Oslo (in Norwegian).
54. Saramäki, J. and Susila, P.: 1991, 'Tuhkalannoitus kivennäismailla', Metsänkasvatuksen perusteet turve- ja kivennäismailla: Metsäntutkimuspäivä Joensuussa 1991, Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja 383, pp. 82-83 (in Finnish).
55. Silfverberg, K.: 1995, 'Forest generation on nutrient-poor peat lands. Effects of fertilization, mounding and sowing', Silva Fennica 29(3), 205-215.
56. Silfverberg, K. and Huikari, O.: 1985, 'Tuhkalannoitus metsäojitetuilia turvemailla (Wood-ash fertilization on drained peat lands)', Folia Forestalia 633, 25 pp. (in Finnish with English summary).
57. Silfverberg, K. and Issakainen, J.: 1991, 'Tuhkalannoituksen vaikutukset metsämarjoihin (Effects of Ash fertilization on foret berries)', Folia Forestalia 769, 1-23 (in Finnish with English summary and tables).
58. Staaf, H. and Olsson, B. A.: 1991, 'Effects of slash removal and stump harvesting on soil water chemistry in a clear-cutting in SW Sweden', Scand. J. For. Res. 9, 305-3 10.
59. Starr, M., Lindroos. A.-J., Tarvainen, T. and Tanskanen, H.: 1998, 'Weathering rates in the Hietajärvi Integrated Monitoring catchment', Boreal Env. Res. 3, 275-285.
60. Sverdrup, H. and Rosén, K.: 1998, 'Long-term base cation mass balances for Swedish forests and the concept of sustainability', Forest Ecol. Manage. 110, 221-236.
61. Sverdrup, H. and De Vries, W.: 1994, 'Calculating critical loads for acidity with the simple mass balance method', Water Air, and Soil Pollut. 72, 143-162.
62. Syri, S., Johansson, M. and Kangas, L.: 1998, 'Application of nitrogen transfer matrices for integrated assessment', Atmos. Environ. 32(3), 409-413.
63. Tamm, C. O., Holmen, H., Popovic, B. and Wiklander, G.: 1974, 'Leaching of plant nutrients from soils as a consequence of forestry operations', Ambio 3(6), 211-221.
64. Tulonen, T., Arvola, L., Ollila, S., Mäkinen, A., Pihlström, M., Rask, M. and Karppinen, C.: 2000, 'Effects of Forest Fertilization by Wood Ash on Lake Ecosystems', in M. Ruoppa, J. Paasivirta, K.-J. Lehtinen and S. Ruonala (eds), 4th International Conference on Environmental Impacts of the Pulp and Paper Industry, Proceedings of the Conference, 12-15 June 2000, Helsinki, Finland, The Finnish Environment, 417, pp. 359-362.
65. UBA: 1996, Manual on Methodologies and Criteria for Mapping Critical Levels/Loads and Geographical Areas where they are Exceeded. Texte 71/96, Umweltsbundesamt, Berlin, Germany, 144 + LXXIV pp.
66. UN/ECE: 1994, The Second Sulphur Protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe, New York, Geneva.
67. UN/ECE: 1999, Protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone, United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe, New York, Geneva.
68. Wihersaari, M.: 1996, 'Biopolttoaineet ja ympäristö', Kauppa-ja teollisuusministerion tutkimuksia ja raportteja 17/1996 (in Finnish).
69. Wiklander, L.: 1976, 'The influence of anions on adsorption and leaching of cations in soils', Grundfoerbaettring 2b, 125-135.
70. Williams, T. M., Hollis, C. A. and Smith, B. R.: 1996, 'Forest soil and water chemistry following bark boiler bottom ash application', J. Environ. Qual. 25, 955-961.
71. Vuorenmaa, J., Rekolainen, S., Lepistö, A., Kenttämies, K. and Kauppila, P.: 2002, 'Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural and forest areas in Finland during the 1980s and 1990s', Environ. Monit. Assess. 76, 213-248.
72. Yanai, R. D., Siccama, T. G., Arthur, M. A., Federer, C. A. and Friedland A. J.: 1999, 'Accumulation and depletion of base cations in forest floors in the northeastern United States', Ecology 80(8), 2774-2787.
73. Zöttl, H. W., Hüttl, R. F., Fink, S., Tomlinson, G. H. and Wisniewski, J.: 1989, 'Nutritional disturbances and histological changes in declining forests', Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 48, 87-109.