Dendritic and star polymers: Classification, nomenclature, structure representation, and registration in the DuPont SCION database

Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 85-99

  Schultz, John L ^a   Wilks, Edward S ^a  

^a DUPONT COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0242326226     PISSN: 00952338     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ci9700900     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Patterson, J. A.; Schultz, J. L.; Wilks, E. S. Enhanced Polymer Structure, Searching, And Retrieval in an Interactive Database. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1995, 35, 8-20 (a) Section 6.1 (b) Section 6.2.2 (c) Section 5.10.
2. Tomalia, D. A.; Baker, H.; Dewald, J.; Hall, M.; Kallos, G.; Martin, S.; Roeck, J.; Ryder, J.; Smith, P.: (a) Dendritic Macromolecules: Synthesis of Starburst Dendrimers. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2466-2468; (Tomalia acknowledges A. J. Vogel for coining the term dendrimer)
3. (b) A New Class of Polymers: Starburst-Dendritic Macromolecules. Polym. J. (Tokyo) 1985, 17, 117-132. See also; Meltzer, A. D.; Tirrell, D. A.; Jones, A. A.; Inglefield, P. T.; Downing, D. M.; Tomalia, D. A. 13-C NMR Relaxation in Poly(amidoamine) Starburst Dendrimers. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30(1), 121; European Patent Application No. 0 473 088 A2; International Patent Application No. WO 94/17130; U.S. Patent 4,507,466; U.S. Patent 4,587,329; U.S. Patent 4.857,599.
4. (b) A New Class of Polymers: Starburst-Dendritic Macromolecules. Polym. J. (Tokyo) 1985, 17, 117-132. See also; Meltzer, A. D.; Tirrell, D. A.; Jones, A. A.; Inglefield, P. T.; Downing, D. M.; Tomalia, D. A. 13-C NMR Relaxation in Poly(amidoamine) Starburst Dendrimers. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30(1), 121; European Patent Application No. 0 473 088 A2; International Patent Application No. WO 94/17130; U.S. Patent 4,507,466; U.S. Patent 4,587,329; U.S. Patent 4.857,599.
5. De Brabander, E. M. M.; Put, J. A. Polypropylene Dendrimers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications; presented as paper PMSE-041, 210th ACS National Meeting, Chicago, JL, August 20-24, 1995.
6. Newkome, G. R. A Systematic Nomenclature for Cascade Polymers. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 1993, 31(3), 641-651.
7. Cloutet, E.; Six, J-L.; Taton, D.; Gnanou, Y. Dendritic Block Copolymers made of Polystyrene and Poly(ethylene oxide) Generations; presented as paper PMSE-069, 210th ACS National Meeting, Chicago, IL, August 20-24, 1995.
8. Turner, R. S. Hyperbranched Polymers - Review and Progress; presented as paper PMSE-040, 210th ACS National Meeting, Chicago, IL, August 20-24, 1995.
9. Teague, S. J., Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, OH, 1996.
10. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Source-Based Nomenclature for Non-Linear Macromolecules and Macromolecular Assemblies. Pure Appl. Chem. 1997, 69, 2511-2521.
11. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Graphic Representations (Chemical Formulae) of Macromolecules. Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, 66, 2469-2482.
12. 1
13. Miller, T. M.; Neenan, T. X.; Bair, H. E. The Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Monodisperse, 1,3,5-Phenylene Based Hydrocarbon Dendrimers Including C276H186. Polym. Prepr. 1991, 32(3), 627-628.
14. Webster, O. W.; Kim, Y. H.; Gentry, F. P.; Farlee, R. D.; Smart, B. E. Hyperbranched and Hypercrosslinked Rigid Polymers. Polym. Prepr. 1992, 33(1), 186-187.
15. Schultz, J. L; Wilks, E. S. Symmetrical "1"-Shaped Hyperbranched Structural-Repeating-Unit (SRU) Polymers: Converting Unregistrable SRUs to SRUs Registrable by Chemical Abstracts Service's Registry System J. Chem. Inf. Comput Sci. 1996, 36, 967-972.
16. Schultz, J. L.; Wilks, E. S. Orientation and Nomenclature of Multiple Radicals in Comb, Star, and Other Polymers with Multichain End Groups. J. Chem Inf. Comput. Sci. 1996, 36, 510-515.
17. Fréchet, J. M. J.; Hawker, C. J.; Wooley, K. L. The Convergent Route to Globular Dendritic Macromolecules: A Versatile Approach to Precisely Functionalized Three-Dimensional Polymers and Novel Block Copolymers. Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 1627-1645. Fréchet et al. have, many other publications on this topic.
18. Tyler, T. L.; Hanson, J. E. New Approaches to the Synthesis of Poly(aryl ether) Dendrimers; presented as paper PMSE-191, 210th ACS National Meeting, Chicago, IL, August 20-24, 1995.
19. Each SCION chemical-file record contains a free-text NOTES field that may be used, for example, for additional information not included in a polymer name or structure, which can help to elucidate the structure of a polymer.
20. In a manner that parallels registration of a substance with a Registry Number in the CAS Registry File, a substance in SCION is registered with a CNUM (an acronym for C-Number). CNUMs cited in this paper are fictitious.
21. Schultz, J. L.; Wilks, E. S. A nomenclature and Structural Representation System for Ladder and Spiro Polymers. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1996, 36, 786-796; Appendix.
22. 2:-type SRUs. In this case, phase-shifting to define an SRU with the minimum number of atoms results in the structure shown, in which oxygen is no longer the head atom.
23. Wilson, L. R.; Tomalia, D. A. Synthesis and Characterization of Starburst* Dendrimers. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30(1), 115-116 (* Registered trademark of the Dow Chemical Company); Padias, A. B.; Hall, H. K.; Tomalia, D. A. Starburst* Polyether and Polythioether Dendrimers. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30(1), 119-120.
24. Wilson, L. R.; Tomalia, D. A. Synthesis and Characterization of Starburst* Dendrimers. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30(1), 115-116 (* Registered trademark of the Dow Chemical Company); Padias, A. B.; Hall, H. K.; Tomalia, D. A. Starburst* Polyether and Polythioether Dendrimers. Polym. Prepr. 1989, 30(1), 119-120.
25. Special input text descriptors are used primarily to prevent rejection by the CASRS of a polymer that has a different name and intellectual structure, but a structure identical with that of a previously registered polymer. Example: POLY-2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL- vs. POLY-2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL-, STAR. To avoid possible CASRS rejects, unnecessary registration delays and/or repeats, etc., it is customary to add routinely appropriate special input text descriptors such as the one shown; 8 denotes a CAS class 8 substance, DP is assigned by CAS to DuPont, and STA denotes a star polymer. CAS classifies polymers, radical ions, minerals, inorganic compounds, and incompletely defined structures as "class 8 substances".
26. Hawker, C. J.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Monodispersed Dendritic Polyesters with Removable Chain Ends: a Versatile Approach to Globular Macromolecules with Chemically Reversible Polarities. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1992, 1, 2459-2469.
27. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 2287-2311.
28. Roovers, J.; Toporowski, P.; Martin, J. Synthesis and Characterization of Multiarm Star Polybutadienes. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1897-1903.
29. 29 does not address this point. By SCION rules, example (a) is considered to be a block polymer, whereas example (b) is not.
30. Wang, L.; McKenna, S. T.; Faust, R. Initiation via Haloboration in Living Cationic Polymerization. 3. Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Star-Branched Polyisobutylenes. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4681-4685; Tian, D.; Dubois, Ph.; Jerome, R.; Teyssie, Ph. Macromolecular Engineering of Polylactones and Polylactides. 18. Synthesis of Star-Branched Aliphatic Polyesters Bearing Various Functional End Groups. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4134-4144; Simms, J. A. Recent Advances in the Use of Star Polymers in Coatings. Progr. Org. Coat. 1993, 22, 367-377.
31. Wang, L.; McKenna, S. T.; Faust, R. Initiation via Haloboration in Living Cationic Polymerization. 3. Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Star-Branched Polyisobutylenes. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4681-4685; Tian, D.; Dubois, Ph.; Jerome, R.; Teyssie, Ph. Macromolecular Engineering of Polylactones and Polylactides. 18. Synthesis of Star-Branched Aliphatic Polyesters Bearing Various Functional End Groups. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4134-4144; Simms, J. A. Recent Advances in the Use of Star Polymers in Coatings. Progr. Org. Coat. 1993, 22, 367-377.
32. Wang, L.; McKenna, S. T.; Faust, R. Initiation via Haloboration in Living Cationic Polymerization. 3. Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Star-Branched Polyisobutylenes. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4681-4685; Tian, D.; Dubois, Ph.; Jerome, R.; Teyssie, Ph. Macromolecular Engineering of Polylactones and Polylactides. 18. Synthesis of Star-Branched Aliphatic Polyesters Bearing Various Functional End Groups. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4134-4144; Simms, J. A. Recent Advances in the Use of Star Polymers in Coatings. Progr. Org. Coat. 1993, 22, 367-377.
33. Schultz, J. L.; Wilks, E. S. Multiple-Level Registration in the DuPont SCION Database. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1997, 37, 165-170.
34. Chemical Abstracts Index Guide, Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, OH, 1994, Appendix IV, Section 222.
35. 1 The prefix "multi" is used here to avoid any "polymeric" connotation.
36. Chujo, Y.; Murai, K.; Yamashita, Y. Synthesis of Polysiloxane Graft Copolymers by Hydrosilylation Reactions Makromol. Chem. 1985, 186, 1203-1211.
37. Rubinsztajn, S. Synthesis and Characterization of New Poly(siloxysilanes). J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 1994, 4, 61-77.
38. Borggreve, R. J. M.; De Brabander, E. M. M.; Beusen, G. P. C. European Patent Application No. 0 672 703 Al; filed October 3, 1995.
39. Gitsov, I.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Stimuli Responsive Dendritic Macromolecules. Novel Amphiphilic Star Copolymers with Dendritic Groups at the Periphery. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1995, 73, 129-130.
40. Gitsov, I.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Stimuli-Responsive Hybrid Macromolecules: Novel Amphiphilic Star Copolymers with Dendritic Groups at the Periphery. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3785-3786.