메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 255-285

Financial interests and research bias

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0142256741     PISSN: 10636145     EISSN: 15309274     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/106361400750340497     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (98)
  • 1
    • 0033522171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science Comes to Terms with the Lessons of Fraud
    • Abbott, A. 1999. "Science Comes to Terms with the Lessons of Fraud." Nature 398:13-17.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 13-17
    • Abbott, A.1
  • 2
    • 0033605544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIH Invites Activists into the Inner Sanctum
    • Agnew, B. 1999. "NIH Invites Activists into the Inner Sanctum." Science 283:1999-2001.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1999-2001
    • Agnew, B.1
  • 3
    • 0345408319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secrecy is Hurting Medical Research, a US Official Says
    • 10 February, sec. A
    • Altman, L. 1996. "Secrecy is Hurting Medical Research, a US Official Says." New York Times, 10 February, sec. A, p. 11.
    • (1996) New York Times , pp. 11
    • Altman, L.1
  • 4
    • 0034702265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pharmaceutical Industry-To Whom Is It Accountable?
    • Angell, M. 2000. "The Pharmaceutical Industry-To Whom Is It Accountable?" New EnglandJournal of Medicine 342: 1902-4.
    • (2000) New EnglandJournal of Medicine , vol.342 , pp. 1902-1904
    • Angell, M.1
  • 5
    • 0344155395 scopus 로고
    • American Physical Society (APS), Washington: APS
    • American Physical Society (APS). 1991. Guidelines for Professional Conduct. Washington: APS.
    • (1991) Guidelines for Professional Conduct
  • 6
    • 0013430827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Statistical Association (ASA), Alexandria, VA: ASA
    • American Statistical Association (ASA). 1999. Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice. Alexandria, VA: ASA.
    • (1999) Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice
  • 7
    • 84859314451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report: Diet Drug Firm Accused of Funding Favorable Journal Articles
    • Associated Press, 24 May, sec. A
    • Associated Press. 2000. "Report: Diet Drug Firm Accused of Funding Favorable Journal Articles." The Daily Reflector, 24 May, sec. A, p. 3.
    • (2000) The Daily Reflector , pp. 3
  • 8
    • 84859314458 scopus 로고
    • Drug Maker Lilly Accused of Cloaking Toxic Reaction
    • Associated Press, 10 December, sec. A
    • Associated Press. 1993. "Drug Maker Lilly Accused of Cloaking Toxic Reaction." The Denver Post. 10 December, sec. A, p. 22.
    • (1993) The Denver Post , pp. 22
  • 9
    • 0028537665 scopus 로고
    • Big-Time Biology
    • Beardsley, T. 1994. "Big-Time Biology." Scientific American 271, 5: 90-94.
    • (1994) Scientific American , vol.271 , Issue.5 , pp. 90-94
    • Beardsley, T.1
  • 11
    • 0030903440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withholding Research Results in Academic Life Science: Evidence from a National Survey of Faculty
    • Blumenthal, D. 1997. "Withholding Research Results in Academic Life Science: Evidence from a National Survey of Faculty." Journal of the American Medical Association 277: 1224-28.
    • (1997) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.277 , pp. 1224-1228
    • Blumenthal, D.1
  • 12
    • 78650860246 scopus 로고
    • An Evaluation of University-Business Partnerships
    • In: Bowie, N. ed., Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield
    • Bowie, N. 1994. "An Evaluation of University-Business Partnerships." In: Bowie, N. ed. University-Business Partnerships: an Assessment. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 45-99.
    • (1994) University-Business Partnerships: An Assessment , pp. 45-99
    • Bowie, N.1
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0009123014 scopus 로고
    • New York: Simon and Schuster
    • Crossen, C. 1994. Tainted Truth. New York: Simon and Schuster.
    • (1994) Tainted Truth
    • Crossen, C.1
  • 17
    • 0022716057 scopus 로고
    • Source of Funding and Outcome of Clinical Trials
    • Davidson, R. 1986. "Source of Funding and Outcome of Clinical Trials" Journal of General Internal Medicine 1: 155-58.
    • (1986) Journal of General Internal Medicine , vol.1 , pp. 155-158
    • Davidson, R.1
  • 18
    • 0032600806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics and Ethics in Medical Research
    • DeMets, D. 1999. "Statistics and Ethics in Medical Research." Science and Engineering Ethics 5: 97-118.
    • (1999) Science and Engineering Ethics , vol.5 , pp. 97-118
    • Demets, D.1
  • 19
    • 84859295565 scopus 로고
    • Objectivity in Research
    • Department of Health and Human Services
    • Department of Health and Human Services. 1994. Objectivity in Research. Federal Register 59, 123:33242-33251.
    • (1994) Federal Register , vol.59 , Issue.123 , pp. 33242-33251
  • 21
    • 0026462068 scopus 로고
    • Wanted: Single, White Male for Research
    • Dresser, R. 1992. "Wanted: Single, White Male for Research." Hastings Center Report 22,1: 24-29.
    • (1992) Hastings Center Report , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-29
    • Dresser, R.1
  • 22
    • 0032601588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Advocacy and Allocation of Federal Funds for Biomedical Research
    • Dresser, R. 1999. "Public Advocacy and Allocation of Federal Funds for Biomedical Research." Milbank Quarterly 77, 2: 257-82.
    • (1999) Milbank Quarterly , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-282
    • Dresser, R.1
  • 23
    • 0025794172 scopus 로고
    • Publication Bias in Clinical Research
    • Easterbrook, P., et al. 1991. "Publication Bias in Clinical Research." Lancet 337:867-72.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 867-872
    • Easterbrook, P.1
  • 24
    • 0030462155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Trials: Fraud and Ethics Charges Hit Stroke Drug Trial
    • Enserink, M. 1996. "Clinical Trials: Fraud and Ethics Charges Hit Stroke Drug Trial." Science 274:2004-5.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 2004-2005
    • Enserink, M.1
  • 26
    • 0000083251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five Arguments for Increasing Public Participation in Making Science Policy
    • Foltz, F. 1999. "Five Arguments for Increasing Public Participation in Making Science Policy." Bulletin of Science, Technology, and Society 19,2: 117-27.
    • (1999) Bulletin of Science, Technology, and Society , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-127
    • Foltz, F.1
  • 27
    • 0033582684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public access to data
    • Frankel, M. 1999. "Public access to data." Science 283: 1114.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1114
    • Frankel, M.1
  • 28
    • 0032724035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Conflict of Interest in New Drugs Used in Oncology
    • Friedberg, M., et al. 1999. "Evaluation of Conflict of Interest in New Drugs Used in Oncology." Journal of the American Medical Association 282:1453-7.
    • (1999) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.282 , pp. 1453-1457
    • Friedberg, M.1
  • 30
    • 0003972299 scopus 로고
    • Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Fuller, S. 1988. Social Epistemology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
    • (1988) Social Epistemology
    • Fuller, S.1
  • 31
    • 0038921850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Price of Silence: Does Profit-minded Secrecy Retard Scientific Progress?
    • Gibbs, W. 1996. "The Price of Silence: Does Profit-minded Secrecy Retard Scientific Progress?" Scientific American 275, 5: 15-16.
    • (1996) Scientific American , vol.275 , Issue.5 , pp. 15-16
    • Gibbs, W.1
  • 33
    • 0027514798 scopus 로고
    • A Call for the Development of Good Research Practices (GPR) Guidelines
    • Glick, J. and Shamoo, A. 1993. "A Call for the Development of Good Research Practices (GPR) Guidelines." Accountability in Research 2: 231-35.
    • (1993) Accountability in Research , vol.2 , pp. 231-235
    • Glick, J.1    Shamoo, A.2
  • 35
  • 37
    • 0033527031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to Restore Public Trust in Science
    • Haerlin, B. and Parr, D. 1999. "How to Restore Public Trust in Science." Nature 400: 499.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 499
    • Haerlin, B.1    Parr, D.2
  • 39
    • 0033291075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression, Bias, and Selection in Science: The Case of Cancer Research
    • Hess, D. 1999. "Suppression, Bias, and Selection in Science: the Case of Cancer Research." Accountability in Research 6, 4: 245-257.
    • (1999) Accountability in Research , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 245-257
    • Hess, D.1
  • 40
    • 84859337035 scopus 로고
    • Philip Morris Blocked '83 Paper Showing Tobacco is Addictive, Panel Finds
    • 1 April, sec A
    • Hilts, P. 1994a. "Philip Morris Blocked '83 Paper Showing Tobacco is Addictive, Panel Finds." New York Times, 1 April, sec A, p. 1.
    • (1994) New York Times , pp. 1
    • Hilts, P.1
  • 41
    • 84859347619 scopus 로고
    • Two Scientists Testify Against Tobacco Firm
    • 29 April, sec. A
    • Hilts, P. 1994b. "Two Scientists Testify Against Tobacco Firm." New York Times, 29 April, sec. A, p. 1.
    • (1994) New York Times , pp. 1
    • Hilts, P.1
  • 42
    • 84859297772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Researcher Profited After Study by Investing in Cold Treatment
    • 1 February, sec. A
    • Hilts, P. 1997. "Researcher Profited After Study by Investing in Cold Treatment." New York Times, 1 February, sec. A, p. 6.
    • (1997) New York Times , pp. 6
    • Hilts, P.1
  • 44
    • 0003804679 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Hull, D. 1988. Science as a Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1988) Science as a Process
    • Hull, D.1
  • 45
    • 0011075189 scopus 로고
    • Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press
    • Huizenga, J. 1992. Cold Fusion. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
    • (1992) Cold Fusion
    • Huizenga, J.1
  • 46
    • 0029841046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends and Patterns of Research and Development Expenditures in the United States
    • Jaffe, A. 1996. "Trends and Patterns of Research and Development Expenditures in the United States." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93:12658-12663.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.93 , pp. 12658-12663
    • Jaffe, A.1
  • 48
    • 0003487099 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Jasanoff, S. 1995. Science at the Bar. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1995) Science at the Bar
    • Jasanoff, S.1
  • 49
    • 0003926193 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Joravsky, D. 1970. The Lysenko Affair. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1970) The Lysenko Affair
    • Joravsky, D.1
  • 51
    • 0034604485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science and Secrecy
    • Kennedy, D. 2000. "Science and Secrecy." Science 289:722.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 722
    • Kennedy, D.1
  • 52
    • 0002037003 scopus 로고
    • The Naturalists Return
    • Kitcher, P. 1992. "The Naturalists Return." The Philosophical Review 101, 1: 53-110.
    • (1992) The Philosophical Review , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-110
    • Kitcher, P.1
  • 54
  • 56
    • 0030251463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial Interests of Authors in Scientific Journals: A Pilot Study of 14 Publications
    • Krimsky S, et al. 1996. "Financial Interests of Authors in Scientific Journals: a Pilot Study of 14 Publications." Science and Engineering Ethics 4: 395-410.
    • (1996) Science and Engineering Ethics , vol.4 , pp. 395-410
    • Krimsky, S.1
  • 58
    • 0003666086 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Kuhn, T. 1977. The Essential Tension. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1977) The Essential Tension
    • Kuhn, T.1
  • 59
    • 0004122605 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley: University of California Press
    • LaFollette M. 1992. Stealing into Print. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1992) Stealing Into Print
    • Lafollette, M.1
  • 60
    • 0004318924 scopus 로고
    • J. Worrall and G. Curie, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Lakatos, I. 1978. Philosophical Papers, J. Worrall and G. Curie, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1978) Philosophical Papers
    • Lakatos, I.1
  • 62
    • 0004235034 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley: University of California Press
    • Laudan, L. 1984. Science and Values. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1984) Science and Values
    • Laudan, L.1
  • 63
    • 0004245984 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Laudan, L. 1990. Science and Relativism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1990) Science and Relativism
    • Laudan, L.1
  • 65
    • 0032562986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zinc Gluconate Lozenges for Treating the Common Cold in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    • Macknin, M. et al. 1998. "Zinc Gluconate Lozenges for Treating the Common Cold in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of the American Medical Association 279: 1662-67.
    • (1998) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.279 , pp. 1662-1667
    • Macknin, M.1
  • 66
    • 0034735835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A National Survey of Policies of Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research
    • McCrary, V. et al. 2000. "A National Survey of Policies of Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research." New England Journal of Medicine 343:1621-26.
    • (2000) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.343 , pp. 1621-1626
    • McCrary, V.1
  • 67
  • 69
    • 0032527569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Publication Bias and Research on Passive Smoking: Comparison of Published and Unpublished Studies
    • Misakian, A. and Bero, L. 1998. "Publication Bias and Research on Passive Smoking: Comparison of Published and Unpublished Studies." Journal of the American Medical Association 280: 250-53.
    • (1998) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.280 , pp. 250-253
    • Misakian, A.1    Bero, L.2
  • 71
    • 0343321453 scopus 로고
    • National Academy of Science, Washington: National Academy Press
    • National Academy of Science. 1994. On Being a Scientist. Washington: National Academy Press.
    • (1994) On Being a Scientist
  • 72
    • 0004310043 scopus 로고
    • New York: W.H. Freeman, Revised Ed
    • Nelkin, D. 1995. Selling Science, revised ed. New York: W.H. Freeman.
    • (1995) Selling Science
    • Nelkin, D.1
  • 74
    • 0242403170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Policy on Research Misconduct
    • Office of Research Integrity
    • Office of Research Integrity. 1999. Federal Policy on Research Misconduct. Federal Register 64, 198: 55722-55725.
    • (1999) Federal Register , vol.64 , Issue.198 , pp. 55722-55725
  • 75
    • 0004251010 scopus 로고
    • Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research, Washington: National Academy Press
    • Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research. 1992. Responsible Science. Washington: National Academy Press.
    • (1992) Responsible Science
  • 79
    • 84859341230 scopus 로고
    • The Great Nicotine Debate: Are Cigarette Recipes Cooked to Keep Smokers Hooked?
    • Raloff, J. 1994. "The Great Nicotine Debate: Are Cigarette Recipes Cooked to Keep Smokers Hooked?" Science News 145, 20: 314-317.
    • (1994) Science News , vol.145 , Issue.20 , pp. 314-317
    • Raloff, J.1
  • 81
    • 0037581833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflicts of Interest in Science
    • Resnik D. 1998b. "Conflicts of Interest in Science." Perspectives on Science 6, 4:381-408.
    • (1998) Perspectives on Science , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 381-408
    • Resnik, D.1
  • 82
    • 0344114385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industry-Sponsored Research: Secrecy Versus Corporate Responsibility
    • Resnik D. 1998c. "Industry-Sponsored Research: Secrecy Versus Corporate Responsibility." Business and Society Review 99,1: 31-35.
    • (1998) Business and Society Review , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-35
    • Resnik, D.1
  • 83
    • 0032706376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Privatized Biomedical Research, Public Fears, and the Hazards of Regulation: Lessons from Stem Cell Research
    • Resnik D. 1999. "Privatized Biomedical Research, Public Fears, and the Hazards of Regulation: Lessons from Stem Cell Research." Health Care Analysis 7: 273-87.
    • (1999) Health Care Analysis , vol.7 , pp. 273-287
    • Resnik, D.1
  • 84
    • 0038140701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics, Ethics, and Research: An Agenda for Education and Reform
    • Resnik, D. 2000. "Statistics, Ethics, and Research: an Agenda for Education and Reform." Accountability in Research 8: 163-188.
    • (2000) Accountability in Research , vol.8 , pp. 163-188
    • Resnik, D.1
  • 87
    • 84917299385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity
    • Sokal, A. 1996. "Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity." Social Text 46/47: 217-52.
    • (1996) Social Text , vol.46 , Issue.47 , pp. 217-252
    • Sokal, A.1
  • 88
    • 0346011278 scopus 로고
    • A More Social Epistemology
    • In F. Schmitt, ed., Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield
    • Solomon, M. 1994. "A More Social Epistemology." In F. Schmitt, ed. Socializing Epistemology. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp.218-233.
    • (1994) Socializing Epistemology , pp. 218-233
    • Solomon, M.1
  • 89
    • 85050788052 scopus 로고
    • Ethical Problems in Academic Research
    • Swazey, J., et al 1993. "Ethical Problems in Academic Research." American Scientist 81: 542-53.
    • (1993) American Scientist , vol.81 , pp. 542-553
    • Swazey, J.1
  • 90
    • 0033288265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing Drugs in Pediatric Populations: The FDA Mandate
    • Tauer, C. 1999. "Testing Drugs in Pediatric Populations: the FDA Mandate." Accountability in Research 7: 37-58.
    • (1999) Accountability in Research , vol.7 , pp. 37-58
    • Tauer, C.1
  • 92
    • 0348036846 scopus 로고
    • The Erosion of the Academic Ethos: The Case of Biology
    • In Bowie, N., Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield
    • Wade, N. 1994. "The Erosion of the Academic Ethos: the Case of Biology." In Bowie, N. University-Business Partnerships: an Assessment. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 143-158.
    • (1994) University-Business Partnerships: An Assessment , pp. 143-158
    • Wade, N.1
  • 93
    • 0029936544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Company Suppressed Publication of Research
    • Wadman, M. 1996. "Drug Company Suppressed Publication of Research." Nature 381: 4.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 4
    • Wadman, M.1
  • 94
    • 4243691872 scopus 로고
    • Inquiry Finds 'Star Wars' Plan Tried to Exaggerate Test Results
    • 22 July, sec. A
    • Weiner, T. 1994. "Inquiry Finds 'Star Wars' Plan Tried to Exaggerate Test Results." New York Times, 22 July, sec. A, p. 1.
    • (1994) New York Times , pp. 1
    • Weiner, T.1
  • 96
    • 0004265635 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Ziman, J. 1968. Public Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1968) Public Knowledge
    • Ziman, J.1
  • 97
    • 0029778171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Science Losing Its Objectivity?
    • Ziman, J. 1996. "Is Science Losing Its Objectivity?" Nature 382: 751-754.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 751-754
    • Ziman, J.1
  • 98
    • 0141647097 scopus 로고
    • The Professor, the University, and Industry
    • Zolla-Parker, S. 1994. "The Professor, the University, and Industry." Scientific American 270, 3:120.
    • (1994) Scientific American , vol.270 , Issue.3 , pp. 120
    • Zolla-Parker, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.