메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 444-450

Introversion and extroversion: Implications for depression and suicidality

Author keywords

Bipolar Patient; Extroversion Score; Eysenck Personality Inventory; Subsyndromal Depression; Unipolar Depression

Indexed keywords

EXTRAVERSION; HUMAN; INTROVERSION; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SUICIDE ATTEMPT;

EID: 0142224940     PISSN: 15233812     EISSN: 15351645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-001-0037-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0020621381 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of personality to affective disorders
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL3s3jtVWhsQ%3D%3D
    • Akiskal HS, Hirschfeld RMA, Boghos IY: The relationship of personality to affective disorders. Arch Gen Psy 1983, 40:801–810.
    • (1983) Arch Gen Psy , vol.40 , pp. 801-810
    • Akiskal, H.S.1    Hirschfeld, R.M.A.2    Boghos, I.Y.3
  • 2
    • 0020612948 scopus 로고
    • Personality and depression: empirical findings
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL3szgslynsA%3D%3D
    • Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL, Lavori P, et al.: Personality and depression: empirical findings. Arch Gen Psy 1983, 40:993–998.
    • (1983) Arch Gen Psy , vol.40 , pp. 993-998
    • Hirschfeld, R.M.A.1    Klerman, G.L.2    Lavori, P.3
  • 3
    • 0024517348 scopus 로고
    • Premorbid personality assessments of first onset of major depression
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1M7pt1Omtg%3D%3D
    • Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL, Lavori P, et al.: Premorbid personality assessments of first onset of major depression. Arch Gen Psy 1989, 46:345–350.
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psy , vol.46 , pp. 345-350
    • Hirschfeld, R.M.A.1    Klerman, G.L.2    Lavori, P.3
  • 4
    • 0020261328 scopus 로고
    • Dependency and self criticism: psychological dimensions of depression
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL387itVKrug%3D%3D
    • Blatt SJ, Quinlan DM, Chevron ES, et al.: Dependency and self criticism: psychological dimensions of depression. J Consul Clin Psych 1982, 50:113–124. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.50.1.113
    • (1982) J Consul Clin Psych , vol.50 , pp. 113-124
    • Blatt, S.J.1    Quinlan, D.M.2    Chevron, E.S.3
  • 5
    • 0028711442 scopus 로고
    • Depressive personality styles and the five-factor model of personality
    • PID: 7844736, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7kslWrsQ%3D%3D
    • Zuroff DC: Depressive personality styles and the five-factor model of personality. J Pers Assess 1994, 63:453–472. DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6303_5
    • (1994) J Pers Assess , vol.63 , pp. 453-472
    • Zuroff, D.C.1
  • 6
    • 0031983192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality patterns and outcome in depressive and bipolar disorders
    • PID: 9500682, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c7mtVeiug%3D%3D, Demonstrated that introversion had a negative effect, and extroversion had a positive effect on outcome melancholic depression 3 years later
    • Heerlein A, Richter P, Gonalez M, Santander J: Personality patterns and outcome in depressive and bipolar disorders. Psychopathology 1998, 31:15–22. Demonstrated that introversion had a negative effect, and extroversion had a positive effect on outcome in melancholic depression 3 years later. DOI: 10.1159/000029019
    • (1998) Psychopathology , vol.31 , pp. 15-22
    • Heerlein, A.1    Richter, P.2    Gonalez, M.3    Santander, J.4
  • 7
    • 0026641063 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic specificity of the dependent and self-critical personality dimensions in major depression
    • PID: 1430669, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FlsF2ksw%3D%3D
    • Bagby RM, Cox BJ, Schuller DR, et al.: Diagnostic specificity of the dependent and self-critical personality dimensions in major depression. J Affect Disord 1992, 26:59–63. DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(92)90035-5
    • (1992) J Affect Disord , vol.26 , pp. 59-63
    • Bagby, R.M.1    Cox, B.J.2    Schuller, D.R.3
  • 8
    • 0029079677 scopus 로고
    • Major depression and the five-factor model of personality
    • Bagby RM, Joffee RT, Parker JD, et al.: Major depression and the five-factor model of personality. J Pers Disord 1995, 9:224–234.
    • (1995) J Pers Disord , vol.9 , pp. 224-234
    • Bagby, R.M.1    Joffee, R.T.2    Parker, J.D.3
  • 9
    • 0032907803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality traits and cognitive styles as risk factors for serious suicide attempts among young people
    • PID: 10322619, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3lsF2huw%3D%3D
    • Beautrais AL, Joyce Pr, Mulder RT: Personality traits and cognitive styles as risk factors for serious suicide attempts among young people. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1999, 29:37–47.
    • (1999) Suicide Life Threat Behav , vol.29 , pp. 37-47
    • Beautrais, A.L.1    Joyce, P.2    Mulder, R.T.3
  • 11
    • 0002429938 scopus 로고
    • Trait psychology comes of age
    • Sonderegger TB, (ed), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE
    • Costa PT Jr, McCrae RR: Trait psychology comes of age. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Psychology and Aging. Edited by Sonderegger TB. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press; 1992:169–202.
    • (1992) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Psychology and Aging , pp. 169-202
    • Costa, P.T.1    McCrae, R.R.2
  • 13
    • 0000206990 scopus 로고
    • Examination of the relationship between the Myers Briggs type indicator and the NEO-PI personality inventory
    • MacDonald DA, Anderson PE, Tsagarakis CL, Holland CJ: Examination of the relationship between the Myers Briggs type indicator and the NEO-PI personality inventory. Psychol Report 1994, 74:339–344.
    • (1994) Psychol Report , vol.74 , pp. 339-344
    • MacDonald, D.A.1    Anderson, P.E.2    Tsagarakis, C.L.3    Holland, C.J.4
  • 14
    • 0024634133 scopus 로고
    • Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs type indicator from the perspective the five-factor model of personality
    • PID: 2709300, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1M3hs1Cgsw%3D%3D
    • McCrae RR, Costa PT Jr: Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs type indicator from the perspective the five-factor model of personality. J Pers 1989, 57:17–40. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00759.x
    • (1989) J Pers , vol.57 , pp. 17-40
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Costa, P.T.2
  • 17
    • 0025606738 scopus 로고
    • Personality variables in depressed patients and normal controls
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3nvV2ktA%3D%3D
    • Roy A: Personality variables in depressed patients and normal controls. Neuropsychobiology 1991, 23:119–123.
    • (1991) Neuropsychobiology , vol.23 , pp. 119-123
    • Roy, A.1
  • 18
    • 0027339111 scopus 로고
    • The personality of unipolar depressive and bipolar manic-depressive patients
    • PID: 8413758, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FhvF2lsg%3D%3D
    • Richter P, Diebold K, Schutzwohl M: The personality of unipolar depressive and bipolar manic-depressive patients. Nervenarzt 1993, 64:572–577.
    • (1993) Nervenarzt , vol.64 , pp. 572-577
    • Richter, P.1    Diebold, K.2    Schutzwohl, M.3
  • 20
    • 0007662726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underlying personality characteristics related to affective disorders and suicidality
    • Normura J, Tsu Mie, (eds), Mie Press, Japan
    • Janowsky D, Hong L, Morter S, et al.: Underlying personality characteristics related to affective disorders and suicidality. In Neurobiology of Depression and Related Disorders. Edited by Normura J. Tsu Mie, Japan: Mie Press; 1998:9–29.
    • (1998) Neurobiology of Depression and Related Disorders , pp. 9-29
    • Janowsky, D.1    Hong, L.2    Morter, S.3
  • 21
    • 0033301299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myers Briggs type indicator and tridimensional personality questionnaire differences between bipolar patients and unipolar depressed patients
    • ws the differences extroversion and novelty seeking between bipolar and unipolar depressed patients
    • Janowsky DS, Morter S, Hong L, Howe L: Myers Briggs type indicator and tridimensional personality questionnaire differences between bipolar patients and unipolar depressed patients. Bipolar Disord 1999, 2:98–108. ws the differences in extroversion and novelty seeking between bipolar and unipolar depressed patients DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-5618.1999.010207.x
    • (1999) Bipolar Disord , vol.2 , pp. 98-108
    • Janowsky, D.S.1    Morter, S.2    Hong, L.3    Howe, L.4
  • 22
    • 0033047063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underlying personality differences between alcohol/substance-use disorder patients with and without an affective disorder
    • PID: 10414613, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzktFGlsQ%3D%3D
    • Janowsky DS, Morter S, Hong L, Howe L: Underlying personality differences between alcohol/substance-use disorder patients with and without an affective disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 1999, 34:370–377.
    • (1999) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.34 , pp. 370-377
    • Janowsky, D.S.1    Morter, S.2    Hong, L.3    Howe, L.4
  • 23
    • 0346785702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental influences on the continuous scales of the Myers-Briggs type indicator: an analysis based on twins reared apart
    • trated an adopted away twin study that Myers Briggs type indicator variables are significantly heritable
    • Bouchard TJ Jr, Hur YM: Genetic and environmental influences on the continuous scales of the Myers-Briggs type indicator: an analysis based on twins reared apart. J Pers 1998, 66:145–149. trated in an adopted away twin study that Myers Briggs type indicator variables are significantly heritable. DOI: 10.1111/1467-6494.00006
    • (1998) J Pers , vol.66 , pp. 145-149
    • Bouchard, T.J.1    Hur, Y.M.2
  • 24
    • 0014293702 scopus 로고
    • Eysenck Personality Inventory scores of patients with depressive illnesses
    • PID: 5665961, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaF1czlvVSrtw%3D%3D
    • Kendell RE, DiScipio WJ: Eysenck Personality Inventory scores of patients with depressive illnesses. Br J Psychiatry 1968, 114:767–770. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.114.511.767
    • (1968) Br J Psychiatry , vol.114 , pp. 767-770
    • Kendell, R.E.1    DiScipio, W.J.2
  • 25
    • 0030999615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the five-factor model of personality and unipolar, bipolar and schizophrenic patients
    • PID: 9194202, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2szjslClsA%3D%3D
    • Bagby RM, Bindseil KD, Schuller DR, et al.: Relationship between the five-factor model of personality and unipolar, bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res 1997, 70:83–94. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1781(97)03096-5
    • (1997) Psychiatry Res , vol.70 , pp. 83-94
    • Bagby, R.M.1    Bindseil, K.D.2    Schuller, D.R.3
  • 26
    • 0018943596 scopus 로고
    • Personality in unipolar and bipolar manic-melancholic patients
    • Bech P, Shapiro RW, Sihm F, et al.: Personality in unipolar and bipolar manic-melancholic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1980, 62:303–308.
    • (1980) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.62 , pp. 303-308
    • Bech, P.1    Shapiro, R.W.2    Sihm, F.3
  • 27
    • 0016185671 scopus 로고
    • Personality differences in patients with depressive illness and anxiety neurosis
    • PID: 4853591, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE2czgsFGisQ%3D%3D
    • Murray LG, Blackburn IM: Personality differences in patients with depressive illness and anxiety neurosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1974, 50:183–191.
    • (1974) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.50 , pp. 183-191
    • Murray, L.G.1    Blackburn, I.M.2
  • 28
    • 0026568204 scopus 로고
    • Personality traits in subjects at risk for unipolar major depression: a family study perspective
    • PID: 1573124, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK383kt1KrsA%3D%3D
    • Maier W, Lichtermann D, Minges J, Heun R: Personality traits in subjects at risk for unipolar major depression: a family study perspective. J Affect Disord 1992, 24:153–163. DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(92)90063-C
    • (1992) J Affect Disord , vol.24 , pp. 153-163
    • Maier, W.1    Lichtermann, D.2    Minges, J.3    Heun, R.4
  • 29
    • 0018289609 scopus 로고
    • Personality features of patients with primary affective disorder
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL3c%2FmtF2nsg%3D%3D
    • Liebowitz MR, Stallone F, Dunner DL, Fieve RF: Personality features of patients with primary affective disorder. Acta Psychiat Scan 1979, 60:214–224.
    • (1979) Acta Psychiat Scan , vol.60 , pp. 214-224
    • Liebowitz, M.R.1    Stallone, F.2    Dunner, D.L.3    Fieve, R.F.4
  • 30
    • 0018348894 scopus 로고
    • Personality attributes and affective disorders
    • PID: 758831, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE1M%2FotVCmsA%3D%3D
    • Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL: Personality attributes and affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1979, 136:67–70.
    • (1979) Am J Psychiatry , vol.136 , pp. 67-70
    • Hirschfeld, R.M.A.1    Klerman, G.L.2
  • 31
    • 0031300540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating stability and change in personality and depression
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FnvFCkug%3D%3D
    • Santor DA, Bagby RM, Joffee RT: Evaluating stability and change in personality and depression. J Pers Soc Psych 1997, 73:1354–1362. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1354
    • (1997) J Pers Soc Psych , vol.73 , pp. 1354-1362
    • Santor, D.A.1    Bagby, R.M.2    Joffee, R.T.3
  • 32
    • 0029858022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does major depression result in lasting personality changes
    • PID: 8890672, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FksFOgug%3D%3D
    • Shea MT, Leon AC, Mueller TI, et al.: Does major depression result in lasting personality changes? Am J Psychiatry 1996, 153:1404–1410.
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1404-1410
    • Shea, M.T.1    Leon, A.C.2    Mueller, T.I.3
  • 33
    • 0031809244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between personality and anxiety: findings from a 3-year prospective study
    • PID: 9604554, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3msl2isQ%3D%3D, Demonstrated that an interaction between low extroversion and high neuroticism predicted global depression and anxiety 3 years later
    • Gershuny BS, Sher KJ: The relation between personality and anxiety: findings from a 3-year prospective study. J Abnorm Psychol 1998, 107:252–262. Demonstrated that an interaction between low extroversion and high neuroticism predicted global depression and anxiety 3 years later. DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.107.2.252
    • (1998) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.107 , pp. 252-262
    • Gershuny, B.S.1    Sher, K.J.2
  • 34
    • 0018142077 scopus 로고
    • Personality and the prediction of long-term outcome of depression
    • PID: 665790, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE1c3gvVGrsQ%3D%3D
    • Weissman MM, Prusoff BA, Klerman GL: Personality and the prediction of long-term outcome of depression. Am J Psychiatry 1978, 135:797–800.
    • (1978) Am J Psychiatry , vol.135 , pp. 797-800
    • Weissman, M.M.1    Prusoff, B.A.2    Klerman, G.L.3
  • 35
    • 0028576936 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of sociotropy and autonomy to symptoms, cognition and personality in depressed patients
    • PID: 7897087, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3gsVOkug%3D%3D
    • Moore RG, Blackburn IM: The relationship of sociotropy and autonomy to symptoms, cognition and personality in depressed patients. J Affect Disord 1994, 32:239–245. DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(94)90087-6
    • (1994) J Affect Disord , vol.32 , pp. 239-245
    • Moore, R.G.1    Blackburn, I.M.2
  • 36
    • 0027618443 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental effects on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness: an adoption/twin study
    • Bergamen CS, Chipuer HM, Plomin R, et al.: Genetic and environmental effects on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness: an adoption/twin study. J Pers Soc Psychol 1993, 61:158–179.
    • (1993) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.61 , pp. 158-179
    • Bergamen, C.S.1    Chipuer, H.M.2    Plomin, R.3
  • 37
    • 0024225357 scopus 로고
    • Neuroticism, extraversion, and related traits in adult twins reared apart and reared together
    • Pederson NL, Plomin R, McClearn GE, Friberg L: Neuroticism, extraversion, and related traits in adult twins reared apart and reared together. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988, 55:950–957. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.950
    • (1988) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.55 , pp. 950-957
    • Pederson, N.L.1    Plomin, R.2    McClearn, G.E.3    Friberg, L.4
  • 38
    • 0031797506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is introversion a risk factor in suicidal behavior in depression
    • Demonstrates that non-suicidal depressed patients do not have increased introversion, although suicidal depressed patients have increased introversion
    • Roy A: Is introversion a risk factor in suicidal behavior in depression? Psychol Med 1998, 28:1451–1457. Demonstrates that non-suicidal depressed patients do not have increased introversion, although suicidal depressed patients have increased introversion. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291798007028
    • (1998) Psychol Med , vol.28 , pp. 1451-1457
    • Roy, A.1
  • 39
    • 85129946373 scopus 로고
    • Personality correlates of suicidal tendency among Iranian and Turkish students
    • Irfani S: Personality correlates of suicidal tendency among Iranian and Turkish students. J Psychol 1978, 99:111–115.
    • (1978) J Psychol , vol.99 , pp. 111-115
    • Irfani, S.1
  • 40
    • 0023790012 scopus 로고
    • Hopelessness, social desirability, depression and parasuicide in two college student samples
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7lsVajsA%3D%3D
    • Cole D: Hopelessness, social desirability, depression and parasuicide in two college student samples. J Cons Clin Psych 1988, 56:131–136. DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.131
    • (1988) J Cons Clin Psych , vol.56 , pp. 131-136
    • Cole, D.1
  • 41
    • 0007701308 scopus 로고
    • Nonthreatening, objective psychometric identification of students at risk for depression and/or suicidal behavior
    • Lacy O: Nonthreatening, objective psychometric identification of students at risk for depression and/or suicidal behavior. J College Students Psychother 1990, 4:141–163. DOI: 10.1300/J035v04n03_09
    • (1990) J College Students Psychother , vol.4 , pp. 141-163
    • Lacy, O.1
  • 42
    • 0034566030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality and the affective disorders: Past efforts, current models, and future directions
    • PID: 11122997, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2Fgs1SisQ%3D%3D
    • Bagby R, Ryder AG: Personality and the affective disorders: Past efforts, current models, and future directions. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2000, 2:465–472. DOI: 10.1007/s11920-000-0004-8
    • (2000) Curr Psychiatry Rep , vol.2 , pp. 465-472
    • Bagby, R.1    Ryder, A.G.2
  • 43
    • 0029737685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragile states of mind: neuroticism, vulnerability and the long-term outcome of depression
    • PID: 8879721, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FjsVSlsQ%3D%3D
    • Surtees PG, Wainwright NWJ: Fragile states of mind: neuroticism, vulnerability and the long-term outcome of depression. Br J Psychiatry 1996, 169:338–347. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.169.3.338
    • (1996) Br J Psychiatry , vol.169 , pp. 338-347
    • Surtees, P.G.1    Wainwright, N.W.J.2
  • 44
    • 2642608654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality dimensions associated with depressive personality disorder
    • Lyoo K, Gunderson JG, Phillips KA: Personality dimensions associated with depressive personality disorder. J Pesonal Disord 1998, 1291:46–55.
    • (1998) J Pesonal Disord , vol.1291 , pp. 46-55
    • Lyoo, K.1    Gunderson, J.G.2    Phillips, K.A.3
  • 45
    • 0033960510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delineating the longitudinal structure of depressive illness: beyond clinical subtypes and duration thresholds
    • PID: 10721877, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7osV2jsA%3D%3D
    • Judd LL, Akiskal HS: Delineating the longitudinal structure of depressive illness: beyond clinical subtypes and duration thresholds. Pharmacopsychiatry 2000, 33:3–7. DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7671
    • (2000) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 3-7
    • Judd, L.L.1    Akiskal, H.S.2
  • 46
    • 0028297440 scopus 로고
    • Personality traits of men who develop unipolar or bipolar disorders
    • Clayton PJ, Ernst C, Angst J: Personality traits of men who develop unipolar or bipolar disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994, 243:34–346. DOI: 10.1007/BF02195728
    • (1994) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.243 , pp. 34-346
    • Clayton, P.J.1    Ernst, C.2    Angst, J.3
  • 47
    • 0030890307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality differences between patients with major depression and bipolar disorder: the impact of minor symptoms on self-ratings of personality
    • PID: 9105958, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3lvFymuw%3D%3D
    • Sauer H, Richtere P, Czernik A, et al.: Personality differences between patients with major depression and bipolar disorder: the impact of minor symptoms on self-ratings of personality. J Affect Disord 1997, 42:169–177. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0327(96)01408-5
    • (1997) J Affect Disord , vol.42 , pp. 169-177
    • Sauer, H.1    Richtere, P.2    Czernik, A.3
  • 48
    • 85129993413 scopus 로고
    • The psychotherapeutic utility of the five-factor model of personality
    • Miller T: The psychotherapeutic utility of the five-factor model of personality. J Pers Assess 1991, 415:433.
    • (1991) J Pers Assess , vol.415 , pp. 433
    • Miller, T.1
  • 49
    • 84932647673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapist and patient personality characteristics and the nature, quality and outcome of psychotherapy: focus on the Myers Briggs Type Indicator
    • Janowsky DS, (ed), American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
    • Janowsky DS: Therapist and patient personality characteristics and the nature, quality and outcome of psychotherapy: focus on the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. In Psychotherapy Indications and Outcomes. Edited by Janowsky DS. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1999:47–69.
    • (1999) Psychotherapy Indications and Outcomes , pp. 47-69
    • Janowsky, D.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.