메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 657-667

The Influence of Forest and Stand Conditions on Spruce Budworm Defoliation in New Brunswick, Canada

Author keywords

Abies balsamea; Balsam fir; Choristoneura fumiferana; Mixedwood; Picea sp.; Site quality; Softwood; Spruce

Indexed keywords

COMPOSITION; HARDWOODS; SOFTWOODS;

EID: 0142126862     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0030849801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and sequence analyses of the granulin gene of Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus
    • BAH, A., J. BERGERON, M. ARELLA, C.J. LUCAROTTI, AND C. GUERTIN. 1997. Identification and sequence analyses of the granulin gene of Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. Arch. Virol. 142:1577-1584.
    • (1997) Arch. Virol. , vol.142 , pp. 1577-1584
    • Bah, A.1    Bergeron, J.2    Arella, M.3    Lucarotti, C.J.4    Guertin, C.5
  • 4
    • 0029802245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One and two years impact of commercial thinning on spruce budworm feeding ecology and host tree foliage production and chemistry
    • BAUCE, E. 1996. One and two years impact of commercial thinning on spruce budworm feeding ecology and host tree foliage production and chemistry. For. Chron. 72:393-398.
    • (1996) For. Chron. , vol.72 , pp. 393-398
    • Bauce, E.1
  • 5
    • 0028980341 scopus 로고
    • Balsam fir mortality following the last spruce budworm outbreak in northwestern Quebec
    • BERGERON, Y., A. LEDUC, H. MORIN, AND C. JOYAL. 1995. Balsam fir mortality following the last spruce budworm outbreak in northwestern Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 25:1375-1384.
    • (1995) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 1375-1384
    • Bergeron, Y.1    Leduc, A.2    Morin, H.3    Joyal, C.4
  • 6
    • 0000033185 scopus 로고
    • Some relationships of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) to black spruce, Picea mariana (Moench) Voss
    • BLAIS, J.R. 1957. Some relationships of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) to black spruce, Picea mariana (Moench) Voss. For. Chron. 33:364-372.
    • (1957) For. Chron. , vol.33 , pp. 364-372
    • Blais, J.R.1
  • 7
    • 0006920309 scopus 로고
    • The vulnerability of balsam fir to spruce budworm attack in northwestern Ontario, with special reference to the physiological age of the tree
    • BLAIS, J.R. 1958. The vulnerability of balsam fir to spruce budworm attack in northwestern Ontario, with special reference to the physiological age of the tree. For. Chron. 34:405-422.
    • (1958) For. Chron. , vol.34 , pp. 405-422
    • Blais, J.R.1
  • 8
    • 0005300578 scopus 로고
    • Silviculture, forest management and the spruce budworm
    • Managing the Spruce Budworm in Eastern North America, Schmitt, D.M., D.G. Grimble, and J.L. Searcy (eds.). USDA, Washington, DC
    • BLUM, B.M., AND D.A. MACLEAN. 1984. Silviculture, forest management and the spruce budworm. P. 83-102 in Managing the Spruce Budworm in Eastern North America, Schmitt, D.M., D.G. Grimble, and J.L. Searcy (eds.). Agric. Handb. 620, USDA, Washington, DC.
    • (1984) Agric. Handb. , vol.620 , pp. 83-102
    • Blum, B.M.1    MacLean, D.A.2
  • 9
    • 0142032348 scopus 로고
    • Potential silviculture, harvesting, and salvage practices in eastern North America
    • Sanders, C.J., et al. (eds.). Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, ON, Canada
    • BLUM, B.M., AND D.A. MACLEAN. 1985. Potential silviculture, harvesting, and salvage practices in eastern North America. P. 264-280 in Recent Advances in Spruce Budworms Research, Sanders, C.J., et al. (eds.). Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    • (1985) Recent Advances in Spruce Budworms Research , pp. 264-280
    • Blum, B.M.1    MacLean, D.A.2
  • 10
    • 0031925608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spruce budworm impact, abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape
    • CAPPUCCINO, N., D. LAVERTU, Y. BERGERON, AND J. RÉGNIÈRE. 1998. Spruce budworm impact, abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape. Oecologia 114:236-242.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.114 , pp. 236-242
    • Cappuccino, N.1    Lavertu, D.2    Bergeron, Y.3    Régnière, J.4
  • 13
    • 0038305908 scopus 로고
    • Relation between mortality of trees attacked by the spruce budworm (Cacoecia fumiferana Clem.) and previous growth
    • CRAIGHEAD, F.C. 1925. Relation between mortality of trees attacked by the spruce budworm (Cacoecia fumiferana Clem.) and previous growth. J. Agric. Res. 30:541-555.
    • (1925) J. Agric. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 541-555
    • Craighead, F.C.1
  • 14
    • 0142064303 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of balsam fir to spruce budworm defoliation as affected by thinning
    • CROOK, G.W., P.E. VEZINA, AND Y. HARDY. 1979. Susceptibility of balsam fir to spruce budworm defoliation as affected by thinning. Can. J. For. Res. 9:428-435.
    • (1979) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 428-435
    • Crook, G.W.1    Vezina, P.E.2    Hardy, Y.3
  • 15
    • 0142127604 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal populations of insectivorous birds in a mature bottomland hardwood forest in south Louisiana
    • Dickson, J.G., et al. (eds.). Academic Press, NY
    • DICKSON, J.G. 1979. Seasonal populations of insectivorous birds in a mature bottomland hardwood forest in south Louisiana. P. 261-269 in The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems, Dickson, J.G., et al. (eds.). Academic Press, NY.
    • (1979) The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems , pp. 261-269
    • Dickson, J.G.1
  • 16
    • 0142032346 scopus 로고
    • Stand conditions and spruce budworm damage in a western Montana forest
    • FAUSS, D.L., AND W.R. PIERCE. 1969. Stand conditions and spruce budworm damage in a western Montana forest. J. For. 67:322-325.
    • (1969) J. For. , vol.67 , pp. 322-325
    • Fauss, D.L.1    Pierce, W.R.2
  • 17
    • 0142064302 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of sampling techniques for population studies of the spruce budworm on balsam fir in Ontario
    • Forest Insect Lab., Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
    • FETTES, J.J. 1950. Investigations of sampling techniques for population studies of the spruce budworm on balsam fir in Ontario. Forest Insect Lab., Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada. Annu. Tech. Rep. 4. P. 163-401.
    • (1950) Annu. Tech. Rep. , vol.4 , pp. 163-401
    • Fettes, J.J.1
  • 18
    • 0000424843 scopus 로고
    • The taxonomy and genetics of Picea rubens and its relationship to Picea mariana
    • GORDON, A.G. 1976. The taxonomy and genetics of Picea rubens and its relationship to Picea mariana. Can. J. Bot. 54:781-813.
    • (1976) Can. J. Bot. , vol.54 , pp. 781-813
    • Gordon, A.G.1
  • 19
    • 0005331283 scopus 로고
    • Host species and the spruce budworm
    • The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations, Morris, R.F. (ed.)
    • GREENBANK, D.O. 1963. Host species and the spruce budworm. P. 219-223 in The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations, Morris, R.F. (ed.). Mem. Ent. Soc. Can. 31.
    • (1963) Mem. Ent. Soc. Can. , vol.31 , pp. 219-223
    • Greenbank, D.O.1
  • 21
    • 0008170723 scopus 로고
    • The influence of stand factors on parasitism of spruce budworm eggs by Trichogramma minutum
    • KEMP, W.P., AND G.A. SIMMONS. 1978. The influence of stand factors on parasitism of spruce budworm eggs by Trichogramma minutum. Environ. Entomol. 7:685-688.
    • (1978) Environ. Entomol. , vol.7 , pp. 685-688
    • Kemp, W.P.1    Simmons, G.A.2
  • 22
    • 0012715744 scopus 로고
    • Aerial spraying for protection of forests infested by spruce budworm
    • KETTELA, E.G. 1975. Aerial spraying for protection of forests infested by spruce budworm. For. Chron. 51:141-142.
    • (1975) For. Chron. , vol.51 , pp. 141-142
    • Kettela, E.G.1
  • 23
    • 0030613929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White spruce and the spruce budworm: Defining the phenological window of susceptibility
    • LAWRENCE, R.K., W.J. MATTSON, AND R.A. HAACK. 1997. White spruce and the spruce budworm: defining the phenological window of susceptibility. Can. Ent. 129:291-318.
    • (1997) Can. Ent. , vol.129 , pp. 291-318
    • Lawrence, R.K.1    Mattson, W.J.2    Haack, R.A.3
  • 24
    • 0001943083 scopus 로고
    • A forest classification for the Maritime Provinces
    • LOUCKS, O.L. 1962. A forest classification for the Maritime Provinces. Proc. of the Nova Scotia Inst. of Sci. 25:86-167.
    • (1962) Proc. of the Nova Scotia Inst. of Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 86-167
    • Loucks, O.L.1
  • 25
    • 0000407954 scopus 로고
    • Effects of spruce budworm outbreaks on forest growth and yield
    • Recent Advances in Spruce Budworms Research, Sanders, C.J., et al. (eds.). Ottawa, ON, Canada
    • MACLEAN, D.A. 1985. Effects of spruce budworm outbreaks on forest growth and yield. P. 148-175 in Recent Advances in Spruce Budworms Research, Sanders, C.J., et al. (eds.). Proc. CANUSA Spruce Budworms Res. Symp. Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    • (1985) Proc. CANUSA Spruce Budworms Res. Symp. Can. For. Serv. , pp. 148-175
    • MacLean, D.A.1
  • 26
    • 0025627256 scopus 로고
    • Impact of forest pests and fire on stand growth and timber yield: Implications for forest management planning
    • MACLEAN, D.A. 1990. Impact of forest pests and fire on stand growth and timber yield: Implications for forest management planning. Can. J. For. Res. 20:391-404.
    • (1990) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 391-404
    • MacLean, D.A.1
  • 27
    • 0029843259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest management strategies to reduce spruce budworm damage in the Fundy Model Forest
    • MACLEAN, D.A. 1996. Forest management strategies to reduce spruce budworm damage in the Fundy Model Forest. For. Chron. 62:399-405.
    • (1996) For. Chron. , vol.62 , pp. 399-405
    • MacLean, D.A.1
  • 28
    • 0020384305 scopus 로고
    • Defoliation by spruce budworm: Estimation by ocular and shoot-count methods and variability among branches, trees, and stands
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND R.G. LIDSTONE. 1982. Defoliation by spruce budworm: estimation by ocular and shoot-count methods and variability among branches, trees, and stands. Can. J. For. Res. 12:582-594.
    • (1982) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 582-594
    • MacLean, D.A.1    Lidstone, R.G.2
  • 29
    • 0031408608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of stand and site characteristics on susceptibility and vulnerability of balsam fir and spruce to spruce budworm in New Brunswick
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND W.E. MACKINNON. 1997. Effects of stand and site characteristics on susceptibility and vulnerability of balsam fir and spruce to spruce budworm in New Brunswick. Can. J. For. Res. 27:1859-1871.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1859-1871
    • MacLean, D.A.1    MacKinnon, W.E.2
  • 30
    • 0142064299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample sizes required to estimate defoliation of spruce and balsam fir caused by spruce budworm accurately
    • MACLEAN, D. A., AND W.E. MACKINNON. 1998. Sample sizes required to estimate defoliation of spruce and balsam fir caused by spruce budworm accurately. North. J. Appl. For. 15:135-140.
    • (1998) North. J. Appl. For. , vol.15 , pp. 135-140
    • MacLean, D.A.1    MacKinnon, W.E.2
  • 31
    • 0142032345 scopus 로고
    • The use of phyllotaxis in estimating defoliation of individual balsam fir shoots
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND M.G. MORGAN. 1981. The use of phyllotaxis in estimating defoliation of individual balsam fir shoots. Can. For. Serv. Res. Notes 1:12-14.
    • (1981) Can. For. Serv. Res. Notes , vol.1 , pp. 12-14
    • MacLean, D.A.1    Morgan, M.G.2
  • 32
    • 0024894214 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal biology of Meteorus trachynotus Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and of its overwintering host Choristoneura rosacea (Harr.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    • MALTAIS, J., J.C. RÉGNIÈRE, C. CLOUTIER, C. HÉBERT, AND D.F. PERRY. 1989. Seasonal biology of Meteorus trachynotus Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and of its overwintering host Choristoneura rosacea (Harr.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 121:745-756.
    • (1989) Can. Ent. , vol.121 , pp. 745-756
    • Maltais, J.1    Régnière, J.C.2    Cloutier, C.3    Hébert, C.4    Perry, D.F.5
  • 33
    • 0023557132 scopus 로고
    • The role of drought stress in provoking outbreaks of phytophagous insects
    • Barbosa, P., and J.C. Schultz (eds.). Academic Press, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • MATTSON, W.J., AND R.A. HAACK. 1987. The role of drought stress in provoking outbreaks of phytophagous insects. P. 365-407 in Insect outbreaks, Barbosa, P., and J.C. Schultz (eds.). Academic Press, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    • (1987) Insect Outbreaks , pp. 365-407
    • Mattson, W.J.1    Haack, R.A.2
  • 34
    • 0025954197 scopus 로고
    • Considering the nutritional ecology of the spruce budworm in its management
    • MATTSON, W.J., R.A. HAACK, R.K. LAWRENCE, AND S.S. SLOCUM. 1991. Considering the nutritional ecology of the spruce budworm in its management. For. Ecol. Manage. 39:183-210.
    • (1991) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.39 , pp. 183-210
    • Mattson, W.J.1    Haack, R.A.2    Lawrence, R.K.3    Slocum, S.S.4
  • 36
    • 0009698757 scopus 로고
    • Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) performance in relation to foliar chemistry of its host plants
    • Talerico, R.T., and M. Montgomery (eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-85
    • MATTSON, W.J., S.S. SLOCUM, AND C.N. KOLLER. 1983. Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) performance in relation to foliar chemistry of its host plants. P. 55-65 in Proc.: Forest defoliator-host interactions: A comparison between gypsy moth and spruce budworms, Talerico, R.T., and M. Montgomery (eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-85.
    • (1983) Proc.: Forest Defoliator-host Interactions: A Comparison between Gypsy Moth and Spruce Budworms , pp. 55-65
    • Mattson, W.J.1    Slocum, S.S.2    Koller, C.N.3
  • 37
    • 84959723679 scopus 로고
    • Needle-mining habits and larval instars of the spruce budworm
    • MCGUGAN, B.M. 1954. Needle-mining habits and larval instars of the spruce budworm. Can. Ent. 86:439-454.
    • (1954) Can. Ent. , vol.86 , pp. 439-454
    • McGugan, B.M.1
  • 38
    • 0032428786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of resource availability on growth and foliar chemistry within and among young white spruce trees
    • MCKINNON, M.L., D.T. QUIRING, AND E. BAUCE. 1998. Influence of resource availability on growth and foliar chemistry within and among young white spruce trees. Ecoscience 5:295-305.
    • (1998) Ecoscience , vol.5 , pp. 295-305
    • McKinnon, M.L.1    Quiring, D.T.2    Bauce, E.3
  • 39
    • 0027331451 scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of the silvicultural hypothesis in spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) management in eastern Canada
    • MILLER, A., AND P. RUSNOCK. 1993. The rise and fall of the silvicultural hypothesis in spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) management in eastern Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 61:171-189.
    • (1993) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.61 , pp. 171-189
    • Miller, A.1    Rusnock, P.2
  • 40
    • 0142032342 scopus 로고
    • Biomass and nitrogen budgets during larval development of Lymantria dispar and Choristoneura fumiferana: Allometric relationships
    • Talerico, R.T., and M. Montgomery (eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-85
    • MONTGOMERY, B.A. 1983. Biomass and nitrogen budgets during larval development of Lymantria dispar and Choristoneura fumiferana: allometric relationships. P. 133-140 in Proc.: Forest defoliator-host interactions: A comparison between gypsy moth and spruce budworms, Talerico, R.T., and M. Montgomery (eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-85.
    • (1983) Proc.: Forest Defoliator-host Interactions: A Comparison between Gypsy Moth and Spruce Budworms , pp. 133-140
    • Montgomery, B.A.1
  • 41
    • 0002684537 scopus 로고
    • The effects of insectivorous birds' activities in forest ecosystems: An evaluation
    • Dickson, J.G., R.N. Connor, R.R. Fleet, J.A. Jackson, and J.C. Kroll (eds.). Academic Press, New York
    • OTVOS, I.S. 1979. The effects of insectivorous birds' activities in forest ecosystems: an evaluation. P. 314-375 in The role of insectivorous birds in forest ecosystems, Dickson, J.G., R.N. Connor, R.R. Fleet, J.A. Jackson, and J.C. Kroll (eds.). Academic Press, New York.
    • (1979) The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems , pp. 314-375
    • Otvos, I.S.1
  • 42
    • 0001275461 scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of young white spruce to spruce budworm defoliation
    • PIENE, H. 1991. The sensitivity of young white spruce to spruce budworm defoliation. North. J. Appl. For. 8:168-171.
    • (1991) North. J. Appl. For. , vol.8 , pp. 168-171
    • Piene, H.1
  • 43
    • 0008314837 scopus 로고
    • Effects of spruce budworm-caused defoliation on the growth of balsam fir: Experimental design and methodology
    • Can. For. Serv., Marit. For. Res. Cent., Fredericton, NB, Canada
    • PIENE, H., D.A. MACLEAN, AND R.E. WALL. 1981. Effects of spruce budworm-caused defoliation on the growth of balsam fir: experimental design and methodology. Can. For. Serv., Marit. For. Res. Cent., Fredericton, NB, Canada. Inf. Rep. M-X-128. 19 p.
    • (1981) Inf. Rep. M-X-128.
    • Piene, H.1    MacLean, D.A.2    Wall, R.E.3
  • 44
    • 0142032343 scopus 로고
    • The spruce budworm problem
    • PREBBLE, M.L., AND R.F. MORRIS. 1951. The spruce budworm problem. For. Chron. 27:14-22.
    • (1951) For. Chron. , vol.27 , pp. 14-22
    • Prebble, M.L.1    Morris, R.F.2
  • 45
    • 0002615287 scopus 로고
    • Organization of plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: The fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea)
    • ROOT, R.B. 1973. Organization of plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: The fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecol. Monogr. 43:94-125.
    • (1973) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.43 , pp. 94-125
    • Root, R.B.1
  • 46
    • 0000919110 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana
    • ROYAMA, T. 1984. Population dynamics of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. Ecol. Monogr. 54:429-462.
    • (1984) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.54 , pp. 429-462
    • Royama, T.1
  • 47
    • 0004275183 scopus 로고
    • Analytical population dynamics
    • Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom
    • ROYAMA, T. 1992. Analytical population dynamics. Population and Community Biology Series 10. Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom. 371 p.
    • (1992) Population and Community Biology Series , vol.10
    • Royama, T.1
  • 48
    • 0001181012 scopus 로고
    • Enemies hypothesis: A review of the effect of vegetational diversity on predatory insects and parasitoids
    • RUSSELL, E.P. 1989. Enemies hypothesis: a review of the effect of vegetational diversity on predatory insects and parasitoids. Environ. Entomol. 18:590-599.
    • (1989) Environ. Entomol. , vol.18 , pp. 590-599
    • Russell, E.P.1
  • 49
    • 0142095949 scopus 로고
    • A summary of current techniques used for sampling spruce budworm populations and estimating defoliation in eastern Canada
    • Can. For. Serv., Great Lakes For. Res. Cent., Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
    • SANDERS, C.J. 1980. A summary of current techniques used for sampling spruce budworm populations and estimating defoliation in eastern Canada. Can. For. Serv., Great Lakes For. Res. Cent., Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada. Inf. Rep. O-X-306. 34 p.
    • (1980) Inf. Rep. O-X-306
    • Sanders, C.J.1
  • 52
    • 0142064301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand and landscape diversity as a mechanism of forest resistance to insects
    • Dynamics of forest herbivory: quest for pattern and principle, Mattson, W.J., P. Niemella, and M. Rousi (eds.)
    • SCHOWALTER, T.D. 1996. Stand and landscape diversity as a mechanism of forest resistance to insects. P. 21-27 in Dynamics of forest herbivory: quest for pattern and principle, Mattson, W.J., P. Niemella, and M. Rousi (eds.). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-183.
    • (1996) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-183 , pp. 21-27
    • Schowalter, T.D.1
  • 54
    • 0004821425 scopus 로고
    • Influence of tree species density and composition on parasitism on the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)
    • SIMMONS, G.A., D.E. LEONARD, AND C.W. CHEN. 1975. Influence of tree species density and composition on parasitism on the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Environ. Entomol. 4:832-836.
    • (1975) Environ. Entomol. , vol.4 , pp. 832-836
    • Simmons, G.A.1    Leonard, D.E.2    Chen, C.W.3
  • 56
    • 0030498982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm
    • SU, Q., D. A. MACLEAN, AND T.D. NEEDHAM. 1996. The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm. Can. J. For. Res. 26:1620-1628.
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 1620-1628
    • Su, Q.1    MacLean, D.A.2    Needham, T.D.3
  • 57
    • 0030620269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needle mining by the spruce budworm provides sustenance in the midst of privation
    • TRIER, T.M., AND W.J. MATTSON. 1997. Needle mining by the spruce budworm provides sustenance in the midst of privation. Oikos 79:241-246.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.79 , pp. 241-246
    • Trier, T.M.1    Mattson, W.J.2
  • 58
    • 0024196498 scopus 로고
    • The effect of host-plant density on the numbers of Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis
    • TURCHIN, P. 1988. The effect of host-plant density on the numbers of Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis. Am. Midl. Natur. 119:15-20.
    • (1988) Am. Midl. Natur. , vol.119 , pp. 15-20
    • Turchin, P.1
  • 59
    • 0012712299 scopus 로고
    • My fir lady - The New Brunswick production with its facts and fancies
    • WEBB, P.E., AND H.J. IRVING. 1983. My fir lady - the New Brunswick production with its facts and fancies. For. Chron. 59:118-122.
    • (1983) For. Chron. , vol.59 , pp. 118-122
    • Webb, P.E.1    Irving, H.J.2
  • 60
    • 0142127603 scopus 로고
    • Forest management as a means of controlling the spruce budworm
    • WESTVELD, M. 1946. Forest management as a means of controlling the spruce budworm. J. For. 44:949-953.
    • (1946) J. For. , vol.44 , pp. 949-953
    • Westveld, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.