메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 135-140

Sample sizes required to estimate defoliation of spruce and balsam fir caused by spruce budworm accurately

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0142064299     PISSN: 07426348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/njaf/15.3.135     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (25)
  • 2
    • 0006970443 scopus 로고
    • A review of entomological survey and assessment techniques used in regional spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), surveys and in the assessment of operational spray programs
    • DORAIS, L., AND E.G. KETTELA (EDS.). Eastern Spruce Budworm Counc., Quebec Dep. Energy and Resour., Quebec
    • DORAIS, L., AND E.G. KETTELA (EDS.). 1982. A review of entomological survey and assessment techniques used in regional spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), surveys and in the assessment of operational spray programs. Rep. Comm. for Standardization of Survey and Assessment Techniques. Eastern Spruce Budworm Counc., Quebec Dep. Energy and Resour., Quebec.
    • (1982) Rep. Comm. for Standardization of Survey and Assessment Techniques
  • 3
    • 0142064302 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of sampling techniques for population studies of the spruce budworm on balsam fir in Ontario
    • Can. Dep. Agric., For. Insect Lab., Sault Ste. Marie
    • FETTES, J.J. 1950. Investigations of sampling techniques for population studies of the spruce budworm on balsam fir in Ontario. Can. Dep. Agric., For. Insect Lab., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. Ann. Tech. Rep. 4. P. 163-401.
    • (1950) Ont. Ann. Tech. Rep. , vol.4 , pp. 163-401
    • Fettes, J.J.1
  • 4
    • 0000424843 scopus 로고
    • The taxonomy and genetics of Picea rubens and its relationship to Picea mariana
    • GORDON, A.G. 1976. The taxonomy and genetics of Picea rubens and its relationship to Picea mariana. Can. J. Bot. 54:781-813.
    • (1976) Can. J. Bot. , vol.54 , pp. 781-813
    • Gordon, A.G.1
  • 5
    • 0030302411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of a stand dynamics model in the spruce budworm decision support system
    • MACLEAN, D.A. 1996. The role of a stand dynamics model in the spruce budworm decision support system. Can. J. For. Res. 26:1731-1741.
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 1731-1741
    • Maclean, D.A.1
  • 6
    • 0343829394 scopus 로고
    • Development of relationships between spruce budworm defoliation and forest stand increment in New Brunswick
    • Solomon, D.S., and T.B. Brann (eds.). Maine Agric. Exp. Sta., Misc. Publ. 691. Univ. Maine, Orono, ME
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND T.A. ERDLE. 1986. Development of relationships between spruce budworm defoliation and forest stand increment in New Brunswick. P. 106-115 in Environmental influences on tree and stand increment, Solomon, D.S., and T.B. Brann (eds.). Maine Agric. Exp. Sta., Misc. Publ. 691. Univ. Maine, Orono, ME.
    • (1986) Environmental Influences on Tree and Stand Increment , pp. 106-115
    • Maclean, D.A.1    Erdle, T.A.2
  • 7
    • 0020384305 scopus 로고
    • Defoliation by spruce budworm: Estimation by ocular and shoot-count methods and variability among branches, trees, and stands
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND R.G. LIDSTONE. 1982. Defoliation by spruce budworm: Estimation by ocular and shoot-count methods and variability among branches, trees, and stands. Can. J. For. Res. 12:582-594.
    • (1982) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 582-594
    • Maclean, D.A.1    Lidstone, R.G.2
  • 8
    • 0030404180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of aerial sketch-mapping estimates of spruce budworm defoliation in New Brunswick
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND W.E. MACKINNON. 1996. Accuracy of aerial sketch-mapping estimates of spruce budworm defoliation in New Brunswick. Can. J. For. Res. 26:2099-2108.
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 2099-2108
    • Maclean, D.A.1    Mackinnon, W.E.2
  • 9
    • 0142032345 scopus 로고
    • The use of phyllotaxis in estimating defoliation of individual balsam fir shoots
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND M.G. MORGAN: 1981. The use of phyllotaxis in estimating defoliation of individual balsam fir shoots. Can. For. Serv. Res. Notes 1:12-14.
    • (1981) Can. For. Serv. Res. Notes , vol.1 , pp. 12-14
    • Maclean, D.A.1    Morgan, M.G.2
  • 10
    • 0024900601 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of balsam fir mortality caused by an uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreak
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND D.P. OSTAFF. 1989. Patterns of balsam fir mortality caused by an uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreak. Can. J. For. Res. 19:1087-1095.
    • (1989) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 1087-1095
    • Maclean, D.A.1    Ostaff, D.P.2
  • 11
    • 0028984147 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation
    • MACLEAN, D.A., AND H. PIENE. 1995. Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation. Can. J. For. Res. 25:902-911.
    • (1995) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 902-911
    • Maclean, D.A.1    Piene, H.2
  • 12
    • 0005246934 scopus 로고
    • The spruce budworm
    • The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations, Morris, R.F. (ed.).
    • MILLER, C.A. 1963. The spruce budworm. P. 12-19 in The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations, Morris, R.F. (ed.). Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 31.
    • (1963) Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. , vol.31 , pp. 12-19
    • Miller, C.A.1
  • 13
    • 33745565768 scopus 로고
    • The spruce budworm manual for the Lake States
    • Michigan Coop. For. Pest Manage. Prog., Univ. Michigan, East Lansing
    • MONTGOMERY, B.A., J.A. WITTER, G.A. SIMMONS, AND R.G. ROGAN. 1982. The spruce budworm manual for the Lake States. Michigan Coop. For. Pest Manage. Prog., Tech. Manual 82-6. Univ. Michigan, East Lansing.
    • (1982) Tech. Manual , vol.82 , Issue.6
    • Montgomery, B.A.1    Witter, J.A.2    Simmons, G.A.3    Rogan, R.G.4
  • 14
    • 0003323969 scopus 로고
    • The development of sampling techniques for forest insect defoliators, with particular reference to the spruce budworm
    • MORRIS, R.F. 1955. The development of sampling techniques for forest insect defoliators, with particular reference to the spruce budworm. Can. J. Zool. 33:225-294.
    • (1955) Can. J. Zool. , vol.33 , pp. 225-294
    • Morris, R.F.1
  • 15
    • 0028979341 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of balsam fir foliar production and growth in relation to defoliation by spruce budworm
    • OSTAFF, D.P., AND D.A. MACLEAN. 1995. Patterns of balsam fir foliar production and growth in relation to defoliation by spruce budworm. Can. J. For. Res. 25:1128-1136.
    • (1995) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 1128-1136
    • Ostaff, D.P.1    Maclean, D.A.2
  • 16
    • 0000694957 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insect defoliation on growth and foliar nutrients of young balsam fir
    • PIENE, H. 1980. Effects of insect defoliation on growth and foliar nutrients of young balsam fir. For. Sci. 26:665-673.
    • (1980) For. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 665-673
    • Piene, H.1
  • 17
    • 0024937538 scopus 로고
    • Spruce budworm defoliation and growth loss in young balsam fir: Defoliation in spaced and unspaced stands and individual tree survival
    • PIENE, H. 1989. Spruce budworm defoliation and growth loss in young balsam fir: Defoliation in spaced and unspaced stands and individual tree survival. Can. J. For. Res. 19:1211-1217.
    • (1989) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 1211-1217
    • Piene, H.1
  • 18
    • 0001275461 scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of young white spruce to spruce budworm defoliation
    • PIENE, H. 1991. The sensitivity of young white spruce to spruce budworm defoliation. North. J. Appl. For. 8:168-171.
    • (1991) North. J. Appl. For. , vol.8 , pp. 168-171
    • Piene, H.1
  • 19
    • 0030322075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in spruce budworm defoliation with crown level
    • PIENE, H. 1996. Changes in spruce budworm defoliation with crown level. Can. Ent. 128:1109-1113.
    • (1996) Can. Ent. , vol.128 , pp. 1109-1113
    • Piene, H.1
  • 20
    • 0008314837 scopus 로고
    • Effects of spruce budworm-caused defoliation on the growth of balsam fir: Experimental design and methodology
    • PIENE, H., D.A. MACLEAN, AND R.E. WALL. 1981. Effects of spruce budworm-caused defoliation on the growth of balsam fir: Experimental design and methodology. Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. M-X-128.
    • (1981) Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. , vol.M-X-128
    • Piene, H.1    Maclean, D.A.2    Wall, R.E.3
  • 21
    • 0142095949 scopus 로고
    • A summary of current techniques used for sampling spruce budworm populations and estimating defoliation in eastern Canada
    • COMP..
    • SANDERS, C.J. (COMP.). 1980. A summary of current techniques used for sampling spruce budworm populations and estimating defoliation in eastern Canada. Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. O-X-306.
    • (1980) Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. , vol.O-X-306
    • Sanders, C.J.1
  • 22
    • 0030498982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm
    • SU, Q., D.A. MACLEAN, AND T.D. NEEDHAM. 1996. The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm. Can. J. For. Res. 26:1620-1628.
    • (1996) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 1620-1628
    • Su, Q.1    Maclean, D.A.2    Needham, T.D.3
  • 23
    • 26844433459 scopus 로고
    • Calibration of STAMAN model for defoliation impacts
    • Contract Rep. to Can. For. Serv.-Maritimes Region, Fredericton, N.B., Canada. (Copies available on request from D.A. MacLean.)
    • VANGUARD FOREST MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD. 1993. Calibration of STAMAN model for defoliation impacts. P. C1-C18 in Forest protection planning to sustain long-term wood supplies. Contract Rep. to Can. For. Serv.-Maritimes Region, Fredericton, N.B., Canada. (Copies available on request from D.A. MacLean.)
    • (1993) Forest Protection Planning to Sustain Long-term Wood Supplies
  • 24
    • 0027064192 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and estimation of jack pine budworm defoliation
    • VOLNEY, W.J.A. 1992. The distribution and estimation of jack pine budworm defoliation. Can. J. For. Res. 22:1079-1088.
    • (1992) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 1079-1088
    • Volney, W.J.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.