The traumatized child at the emergency department

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 763-777

  Berkowitz, Steven J ^a   Marans, Steven ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER; ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CHILD; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; DEPRESSION; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; HUMAN; PHOBIA; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT PLANNING;

EID: 0142123305     PISSN: 10564993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00037-3     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Halamandaris PV, Anderson TR. Children and adolescents in the psychiatric emergency setting. Psychiatric Clin North Am 1999;22(4):865-74.
2. McCaig L, Nghi L. National hospital ambulatory medical care survey: 2000 emergency department summary. Advance Data 2002;22(326):1-31.
3. Sills MR, Bland SD. Summary statistics for pediatric psychiatric visits to US emergency departments, 1993-1999. Pediatrics 2002;110(4):e40.
4. Saunders BE, Villeponteaux LA, Lipovsky JA, Kilpatrick DG, et al. Child sexual assault as a risk factor for mental disorders among women: a community survey. Journal of Interpers Violence 1997;7(2):189-204.
5. Carter LS, Weithorn LA, Behrman RE. Domestic violence and children: analysis and recommendations. Future of Children 1999;9(3):4-20.
6. Wang C, Daro D. Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities: the results of the 1997 annual fifty state survey. Chicago: National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse; 1998.
7. Anonymous. Rates of homicide, suicide, and firearm-related death among children: 26 industrialized countries. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46(5):101-5.
8. Fehon DC, Grilo CM, Lipschitz DS. Correlates of community violence exposure in hospitalized adolescents. Compr Psychiatry 2001;42(4):283-90.
9. Lipschitz DS, Winegar RK, Hartnick E, Foote B, Southwick SM. Posttraumatic stress disorder in hospitalized adolescents: psychiatric comorbidity and clinical correlates. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999;38(4):385-92.
10. Ng V, Norwood A. Psychological trauma, physical health and somatisation. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2000;29(5):658-64.
11. Freeman LN, Mokros H, Poznanski E. Violent events reported by normal urban school-aged children: characteristics and depression correlates. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;32(2):419-23.
12. Boney-McCoy S, Finkelhor D. Psychosocial sequelae of violent victimization in a national youth sample. J Consult Clin Psychol 1995;63(5):726-36.
13. DuRant RH, Getts A, Cadenhead C, Emans S, et al. Exposure to violence and victimization and depression, hopelessness, and purpose in life among adolescents living in and around public housing. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1995;16(4):233-7.
14. Schwab-Stone ME, Ayers TS, Kasprow W, Voyce C, et al. No safe haven: a study of violence exposure in an urban community. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiat 1995;34(10):1343-52.
15. Ford JD. Traumatic victimization in childhood and persistent problems with oppositional-defiance. Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma 2002;6(1):25-58.
16. Yen S, Shea MT, Battle CL, et al. Traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders: findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002;190(8): 510-8.
17. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
18. Armenian HK, Morikawa M, Melkonian AK, Hovanesian A, Akiskal K, Akiskal HS. Risk factors for depression in the survivors of the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. J Urban Health 2002;79(3): 373-82.
19. Udwin O, Boyle S, Yule W, Bolton D, O'Ryan D. Risk factors for long-term psychological effects of a disaster experienced in adolescence: predictors of post traumatic stress disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000;41(8):969-79.
20. Rusch MD, Gould LJ, Dzwierzynski WW, Larson DL. Psychological impact of traumatic injuries: what the surgeon can do. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109(1):18-24.
21. Laor N, Wolmer L, Mayes LC, Gershon A. Israeli preschool children under SCUDs: 30-month follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36(3):349-56.
22. Lonigan CJ, Shannon MP, Taylor CM, Finch A, et al. Children exposed to disaster: II. Risk factors for the development of post-traumatic symptomatology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;33(1):94-105.
23. Fein JA, Kassam-Adams N, Vu T, Datner EM. Emergency department evaluation of acute stress disorder symptoms in violently injured youths. Ann Emerg Med 2001;38(4):391-6.
24. Gill AC. Risk factors for pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder after traumatic injury. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2002;16(4):168-75.
25. McFarlane AC. Posttraumatic stress disorder: a model of the longitudinal course and the role of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61(Suppl 5):15-20.
26. Lagomasino I, Daly R, Stoudemire A. Medical assessment of patients presenting with psychiatric symptoms in the emergency setting. Psychiatric Clin North Am 1999;22(4):819-50.
27. Robert R, Meyer III WJ, Villarreal C, Blakeney PE, Desai M, Herndon D. An approach to the timely treatment of acute stress disorder. J Burn Care Rehabil 1999;20(3):250-8.
28. Cohen JA, Berliner L, Mannarino AP. Treating traumatized children: a research review and synthesis. Trauma Violence Abuse 2000;1(1):29-46.
29. Lipschitz DS, Rasmusson AM, Southwick SM. Childhood posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of neurobiologic sequelae. Psychiatr Ann 1998;28(8):452-7.
30. Shannon MP, Lonigan CJ, Finch A, Taylor CM. Children exposed to disaster: I. Epidemiology of post-traumatic symptoms and symptom profiles. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;33(1):80-93.
31. Singer MI, Anglin TM, Song LY, Lunghofer L. Adolescents' exposure to violence and associated symptoms of psychological trauma. JAMA 1995;273(6):477-82.
32. Shalev AY, Sahar T, Freedman S, et al. A prospective study of heart rate response following trauma and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55(6):553-9.
33. Bryant RA, Moulds ML, Guthrie RM. Acute stress disorder scale: a self-report measure of acute stress disorder. Psychol Assess 2000;12(1):61-8.
34. Kassam-Adams N. Acute stress checklist (ASC-KIDS). Philadelphia: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; 2002.
35. Winston FK, Kassam-Adams N, Vivarelli-O'Neill C, et al. Acute stress disorder symptoms in children and their parents after pediatric traffic injury. Pediatrics 2002;109(6):e90.
36. Harvey AG, Bryant RA. The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: a 2-year prospective evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999;67(6):985-8.
37. Cohen JA, Mannarino AP. Factors that mediate treatment outcome of sexually abused preschool children: six- and 12-month follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37(1):44-51.
38. Richters JE, Martinez PE. Violent communities, family choices, and children's chances: an algorithm for improving the odds. Dev Psychopathol 1993;5(4):609-27.
39. Marans S. Psychoanalysis on the beat: children, police, and urban trauma. Psychoanal Study Child 1996;51:522-41.
40. Marans S, Berkman M, Cohen D. Child development and adaptation to catastrophic circumstances. In: Apfel RJ, Simon B, editors. Minefields in their hearts: the mental health of children in war and communal violence. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press; 1996. p. 104-27.
41. Marans S, Berkowitz SJ, Cohen DJ. Police and mental health professionals: collaborative responses to the impact of violence on children and families. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am 1998;7(3):635-51.
42. Martinez P, Richters JE. The NIMH Community Violence Project: II. Children's distress symptoms associated with violence exposure. Psychiatry 1993;56(1):22-35.
43. Gelpin E, Bonne O, Peri T, Brandes D, Shalev AY. Treatment of recent trauma survivors with benzodiazepines: a prospective study. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57(9):390-4.
44. Mellman TA, Byers PM, Augenstein JS. Pilot evaluation of hypnotic medication during acute traumatic stress response. J Trauma Stress 1998;11(3):563-9.
45. Ford JD. Trauma adaptive recovery group education and therapy for acute trauma (TARGET-AT): leader manual and participant guide. Farmington (CT): University of Connecticut Health Center; 2002.
46. Bryant RA, Sackville T, Dang ST, Moulds M, Guthrie R. Treating acute stress disorder: an evaluation of cognitive behavior therapy and supporting counseling techniques. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156(11):1780-6.