Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

Volumn 90, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 121-132

  Goodacre, Charles J ^a   Bernal, Guillermo ^a   Rungcharassaeng, Kitichai ^a   Kan, Joseph Y K ^a  

^a LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RESIN;

BLEEDING; CALCULATION; CERAMIC PROSTHESIS; COMPLICATION; DATA ANALYSIS; DENTURE; ESTHETIC SURGERY; HUMAN; IMPLANT; INCIDENCE; MAXILLA; MEDICAL RESEARCH; OSTEOLYSIS; PHONETICS; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; SOFT TISSUE; TOOTH CROWN; TOOTH FRACTURE; TOOTH PROSTHESIS; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DENTAL CARE; DENTAL SURGERY; MECHANICAL STRESS; META ANALYSIS; ORAL BLEEDING; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; SPEECH DISORDER; SURFACE PROPERTY; TOOTH IMPLANTATION;

ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS; BONE DENSITY; DENTAL IMPLANTS; DENTAL PROSTHESIS, IMPLANT-SUPPORTED; DENTAL RESTORATION FAILURE; DENTAL VENEERS; DENTURE REBASING; DENTURE RETENTION; DENTURE, OVERLAY; DENTURE, PARTIAL, FIXED; ESTHETICS, DENTAL; HUMANS; ORAL HEMORRHAGE; PERIODONTAL DISEASES; SPEECH DISORDERS; STRESS, MECHANICAL; SURFACE PROPERTIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0142061952     PISSN: 00223913     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00212-9     Document Type: Review

References (218)

1. Goodacre CJ, Bernal DG, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JYK. Clinical complications in fixed prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent.
2. Johns R.B., Jemt T., Heath M.R., Hutton J.E., McKenna S., McNamara D.C., et al. A multicenter study of overdentures supported by Branemark implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 7:1992;513-522.
3. van Steenberghe D., Lekholm U., Bolender C., Folmer T., Henry P., Herrmann I., et al. Applicability of osseointegrated oral implants in the rehabilitation of partial edentulism a prospective multicenter study on 558 fixtures . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 5:1990;272-281.
4. Jemt T., Laney W.R., Harris D., Henry P.J., Krogh P.H. Jr, Polizzi G., et al. Osseointegrated implants for single tooth replacement a 1-year report from a multicenter prospective study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 6:1991;29-36.
5. Wismeyer D., van Waas M.A., Vermeeren J.I. Overdentures supported by ITI implants a 6.5-year evaluation of patient satisfaction and prosthetic aftercare . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;744-749.
6. Henry P.J., Tolman D.E., Bolender C. The applicability of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous patients three-year results of a prospective multicenter study . Quintessence Int. 24:1993;123-129.
7. Lekholm U., van Steenberghe D., Herrmann I., Bolender C., Folmer T., Gunne J., et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous jaws a prospective 5-year multicenter study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 9:1994;627-635.
8. Astrand P., Borg K., Gunne J., Olsson M. Combination of natural teeth and osseointegrated implants as prosthesis abutments a 2-year longitudinal study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 6:1991;305-312.
9. Higuchi K.W., Folmer T., Kultje C. Implant survival rates in partially edentulous patients a 3-year prospective multicenter study . J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 53:1995;264-268.
10. Avivi-Arber L., Zarb G.A. Clinical effectiveness of implant-supported single-tooth replacement the Toronto Study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 11:1996;311-321.
11. Albrektsson T. A multicenter report on osseointegrated oral implants. J Prosthet Dent. 60:1988;75-84.
12. Ellies L.G., Hawker P.B. The prevalence of altered sensation associated with implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;674-679.
13. Lazzara K., Siddiqui A.A., Binon P., Feldman S.A., Weiner R., Phillips R., et al. Retrospective multicenter analysis of 3i endosseous dental implants placed over a five-year period. Clin Oral Implants Res. 7:1996;73-83.
14. Allen P.F., McMillan A.S., Smith D.C. Complications and maintenance requirements of implant-supported prostheses provided in a UK dental hospital. Br Dent J. 182:1997;298-302.
15. Walton J.N. Altered sensation associated with implants in the anterior mandible a prospective study . J Prosthet Dent. 83:2000;443-449.
16. Jemt T., Lekholm U., Adell R. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous patients a preliminary study on 876 consecutively placed fixtures . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 4:1989;211-217.
17. Jemt T., Pettersson P. A 3-year follow-up study on single implant treatment. J Dent. 21:1993;203-208.
18. Rubenstein J.E., Taylor T.D. Apical nerve transection resulting from implant placement a 10-year follow-up report . J Prosthet Dent. 78:1997;537-541.
19. Kim S.G. Implant-related damage to an adjacent tooth a case report . Implant Dent. 9:2000;278-280.
20. Margelos J.T., Verdelis K.G. Irreversible pulpal damage of teeth adjacent to recently placed osseointegrated implants. J Endod. 21:1995;479-482.
21. Rothman S.L., Schwarz M.S., Chafetz N.I. High-resolution computerized tomography and nuclear bone scanning in the diagnosis of postoperative stress fractures of the mandible a clinical report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;765-768.
22. Mason M.E., Triplett R.C., van Sickels J.E., Parel S.M. Mandibular fractures through endosseous cylinder implants report of cases and review . J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 48:1990;311-317.
23. Tolman D.E., Keller E.E. Management of mandibular fractures in patients with endosseous implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 6:1991;427-436.
24. Shonberg D.C., Stith H.D., Jameson L.M., Chai J.Y. Mandibular fracture through an endosseous implant. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 7:1992;40-44.
25. Neyt L., De Clercq C., Abeloos J., Mommaerts M. Mandibular fractures following insertion of denial implants. Acta Stomatol Belg. 90:1993;251-258. Dutch.
26. Kan J.Y., Lozada J.L., Boyne P.J., Goodacre C.J., Rungcharassaeng K. Mandibular fracture after endosseous implant placement in conjunction with inferior alveolar nerve transposition a patient treatment report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 12:1997;655-659.
27. Raghoebar G.M., Stellingsma K., Batenburg R.H., Vissink A. Etiology and management of mandibular fractures associated with endosteal implants in the atrophic mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 89:2000;553-559.
28. Laboda G. Life-threatening hemorrhage after placement of an endosseous implant report of case . J Am Dent Assoc. 121:1990;599-600.
29. Mason M.E., Triplett R.G., Alfonso W.F. Life-threatening hemorrhage from placement of a dental implant. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 48:1990;201-244.
30. ten Bruggenkate C.M., Krekeler G., Kraaijenhagen H.A., Foitzik C., Oosterbeek H.S. Hemorrhage of the floor of the mouth resulting from lingual perforation during implant placement a clinical report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;329-334.
31. Mordenfeld A., Andersson L., Bergstrom B. Hemorrhage in the floor of the mouth during implant placement in the edentulous mandible a case report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 12:1997;558-561.
32. Givol N., Chaushu G., Halamish-Shani T., Taicher S. Emergency tracheostomy following life-threatening hemorrhage in the floor of the mouth during immediate implant placement in the mandibular canine region. J Periodontol. 71:2000;1893-1895.
33. Dwyer M.S. Re Near fatal venous nitrogen/air embolism occurrence while inserting cylindrical endosseous oral implants . J Periodontol. 63:1992;63.
34. Theisen F.C., Shultz R.E., Elledge D.A. Displacement of a root form implant into the mandibular canal. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 70:1990;24-28.
35. Bergermann M., Donald P.J., Wengen D.F. Screwdriver aspiration. A complication of dental implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 21:1992;339-341.
36. Li K.K., Varvares M.A., Meara J.G. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis a complication of dental implant surgery . Head Neck. 18:1996;192-196.
37. Krepler K., Wedrich A., Schranz R. Intraocular hemorrhage associated with dental implant surgery. Am J Ophthal. 122:1996;745-746.
38. Strull G.E., Dym H. Singultus a distressing postsurgical complication . J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 53:1995;711-713.
39. Adell R., Lekholm U., Rockler B., Branemark P.I. A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg. 10:1981;387-416.
40. Cox J.F., Zarb G.A. The longitudinal clinical efficacy of osseointegrated dental implants a 3-year report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2:1987;91-100.
41. Albrektsson T., Dahl F., Enbom L., Engevall S., Engquist B., Eriksson A.R., et al. Osseointegrated oral implants. A Swedish multicenter study of 8139 consecutively inserted Nobelpharma implants. J Periodontol. 59:1988;287-296.
42. Zarb G.A., Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants the Toronto study. Part I: Surgical results . J Prosthet Dent. 63:1990;451-457.
43. Jemt T. Failures and complications in 391 consecutively inserted fixed prostheses supported by Branemark implants in edentulous jaws a study of treatment from the time of prosthesis placement to the first annual checkup . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 6:1991;270-276.
44. Naert I., Quirynen M., van Steenberghe D., Darius P. A study of 589 consecutive implants supporting complete fixed prostheses. Part II Prosthetic aspects . J Prosthet Dent. 68:1992;949-956.
45. Jemt T. Fixed implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla. A five-year follow-up report. Clin Oral Implants Res. 5:1994;142-147.
46. Branemark P.I., Svensson B., van Steenberghe D. Ten-year survival rates of fixed prostheses on four or six implants ad modum Branemark in full edentulism. Clin Oral Implants Res. 6:1995;227-231.
47. Astrand P., Anzen B., Karlsson U., Sahlholm S., Svardstrom P., Hellem S. Nonsubmerged implants in the treatment of the edentulous upper jaw a prospective clinical and radiographic study of ITI implants - results after 1 year . Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2:2000;166-174.
48. Hemmings K.W., Schmitt A., Zarb G.A. Complications and maintenance requirements for fixed prostheses and overdentures in the edentulous mandible a 5-year report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 9:1994;191-196.
49. Makkonen T.A., Holmberg S., Niemi L., Olsson C., Tammisalo T., Peltola J. A 5-year prospective clinical study of Astra Tech dental implants supporting fixed bridges or overdentures in the edentulous mandible. Clin Oral Implants Res. 8:1997;469-475.
50. Arvidson K., Bystedt H., Frykholm A., von Konow L., Lothigius E. Five-year prospective follow-up report of the Astra Tech Dental Implant System in the treatment of edentulous mandibles. Clin Oral Implants Res. 9:1998;225-234.
51. Branemark P.I., Engstrand P., Ohrnell L.O., Grondahl K., Nilsson P., Hagberg K., et al. Branemark Novum a new treatment concept for rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible. Preliminary results from a prospective clinical follow-up study . Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 1:1999;2-16.
52. Randow K., Ericsson I., Nilner K., Petersson A., Glantz P.O. Immediate functional loading of Branemark dental implants. An 18-month clinical follow-up study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 10:1999;8-15.
53. Colomina L.E. Immediate loading of implant-fixed mandibular prostheses a prospective 18-month follow-up clinical study-preliminary report . Implant Dent. 10:2001;23-29.
54. Engquist B., Bergendal T., Kallus T., Linden U. A retrospective multicenter evaluation of osseointegrated implants supporting overdentures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 3:1988;129-134.
55. Naert I., Quirynen M., Theuniers G., van Steenberghe D. Prosthetic aspects of osseointegrated fixtures supporting overdentures. A 4-year report. J Prosthet Dent. 65:1991;671-680.
56. Jemt T., Book K., Linden ??, Urde G. Failures and complications in 92 consecutively inserted overdentures supported by Branemark implants in severely resorbed edentulous maxillae a study from prosthetic treatment to first annual check-up . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 7:1992;162-167.
57. Smedberg J.I., Lothigius F., Bodin I., Frykholm A., Nilner K. A clinical and radiological two-year follow-up study of maxillary overdentures on osseointegrated implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 4:1993;39-46.
58. Cune M.S., de Putter C., Hoogstraten J. Treatment outcome with implant-retained overdentures. Part I Clinical findings and predictability of clinical treatment outcome . J Prosthet Dent. 72:1994;144-151.
59. Hutton J.E., Heath M.R., Chai J.Y., Harnett J., Jemt T., John R.B., et al. Factors related to success and failure rates at 3-year follow-up in a multicenter study of overdentures supported by Branemark implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;33-42.
60. Naert I., De Clercq M., Theuniers G., Schepers F. Overdentures supported by osseointegrated fixtures for the edentulous mandible a 2.5-year report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 3:1988;191-196.
61. Mericske-Stern R. Clinical evaluation of overdenture restorations supported by osseointegrated titanium implants a retrospective study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 5:1990;375-383.
62. Leimola-Virtanen R., Peltola J., Oksala F., Helenius H., Happonen R.P. ITI titanium plasma-sprayed screw implants in the treatment of edentulous mandibles a follow-up study of 39 patients . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;373-378.
63. Versteegh P.A., van Beek G.J., Slagter A.P., Ottervanger J.P. Clinical evaluation of mandibular overdentures supported by multiple-bar fabrication a follow-up study of two implant systems . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;595-603.
64. Buchs A.U., Hahn J., Vassos D.M. Efficacy of threaded hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the anterior mandible supporting overdentures. Implant Dent. 5:1996;188-192.
65. Naert I., Gizani S., Vuylsteke M., van Steenberghe D. A 5-year randomized clinical trial on the influence of splinted and unsplinted oral implants in the mandibular overdenture therapy. Part I Peri-implant outcome . Clin Oral Implants Res. 9:1998;170-177.
66. Deporter D., Watson P., Pharoah M., Levy D., Todescan R. Five- to six-year results of a prospective clinical trial using the ENDOPORE dental implant and a mandibular overdenture. Clin Oral Implants Res. 10:1999;95-102.
67. Wismeijer D., van Waas M.A., Mulder J., Vermeeren J.I., Kalk W. Clinical and radiological results of patients treated with three treatment modalities for overdentures on implants of the ITI Dental Implant System. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 10:1999;297-306.
68. Cooper L.F., Scurria M.S., Lang L.A., Guckes A.D., Moriarty J.D., Felton D.A. Treatment of edentulism using Astra Tech implants and ball abutments to retain mandibular overdentures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 14:1999;646-653.
69. Gotfredsen K., Holm B. Implant-supported mandibular overdentures retained with ball or bar attachments a randomized prospective 5-year study . Int J Prosthodont. 13:2000;125-130.
70. Meijer H.J., Raghoebar G.M., Van't Hof M.A., Visser A., Geertman M.E., Van Oort R.P. A controlled clinical trial of implant-retained mandibular overdentures; five-years' results of clinical aspects and aftercare of IMZ implants and Branemark implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 11:2000;441-447.
71. Olson J.W., Shernoff A.F., Tarlow J.L., Colwell J.A., Scheetz J.P., Bingham S.F. Dental endosseous implant assessments in a type 2 diabetic population a prospective study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 15:2000;811-818.
72. Gatti C., Haefliger W., Chiapasco M. Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with immediate loading a prospective study of ITI implants . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 15:2000;383-388.
73. Roynesdal A.K., Amundrud B., Hannaes H.R. A comparative clinical investigation of 2 early loaded ITI dental implants supporting an overdenture in the mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 16:2001;246-251.
74. van Steenberghe D. A retrospective multicenter evaluation of the survival rate of osseointegrated fixtures supporting fixed partial prostheses in the treatment of partial edentulism. J Prosthet Dent. 61:1989;217-223.
75. Pylant T., Triplett R.C., Key M.C., Brunsvold M.A. A retrospective evaluation of endosseous titanium implants in the partially edentulous patient. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 7:1992;195-202.
76. Naert I., Quirynen M., van Steenberghe D., Darius P. A six-year prosthodontic study of 509 consecutively inserted implants for the treatment of partial edentulism. J Prosthet Dent. 67:1992;236-245.
77. Bahat O. Treatment planning and placement of implants in the posterior maxillae report of 732 consecutive Nobelpharma implants . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;151-161.
78. Jemt T., Lekholm U. Oral implant treatment in posterior partially edentulous jaws a 5-year follow-up report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;635-640.
79. Nevins M., Langer B. The successful application of osseointegrated implants to the posterior jaw a long-term retrospective study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;428-432.
80. Tolman D.E., Laney W.R. Tissue-integrated dental prosthesis the first 78 months of experience at the Mayo Clinic . Mayo Clin Proc. 68:1993;323-331.
81. Zarb G.A., Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants in anterior partially edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont. 6:1993;180-188.
82. Zarb G.A., Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants in posterior partially edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont. 6:1993;189-196.
83. Lekholm U., Gunne J., Henry P., Higuchi K., Linden U., Bergstrom C., vanSteenberghe D. Survival of the Branemark implant in partially edentulous jaws a 10-year prospective multicenter study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 14:1999;639-645.
84. 2-blasted surface. J Prosthodont. 10:2001;2-7.
85. Deporter D.A., Todescan R., Watson P.A., Pharoah M., Pilliar R.M., Tomlinson G. A prospective human clinical trial of Endopore dental implants in restoring the partially edentulous maxilla using fixed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 16:2001;527-536.
86. Gunne J., Astrand P., Ahlen K., Borg K., Olsson M. Implants in partially edentulous patients. Clin Oral Implant Res. 3:1992;49-56.
87. Buchs A.U., Hahn J., Vassos D.M. Efficacy of threaded hydroxyapatite-coated implants placed in the posterior mandible in support of fixed prostheses. Implant Dent. 5:1996;106-110.
88. Babbush C.A., Shimura M. Five-year statistical and clinical observations with the IMZ two-stage osseointegrated implant system. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;245-253.
89. Fugazzotto P.A., Gulbransen H.J., Wheeler S.L., Lindsay J.A. The use of IMZ osseointegrated implants in partially and completely edentulous patients success and failure rates of 2023 implant cylinders up to 60+ months in function . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;617-621.
90. Schmitt A., Zarb G.A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants for single-tooth replacement. Int J Prosthodont. 6:1993;197-202.
91. Ekfeldt A., Carlsson G.F., Borjesson G. Clinical evaluation of single-tooth restorations supported by osseointegrated implants a retrospective study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 9:1994;179-183.
92. Laney W.R., Jemt T., Harris D., Henry P.J., Krogh P.H., Polizzi G., et al. Osseointegrated implants for single-tooth replacement progress report from a multicenter prospective study after 3 years . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 9:1994;49-54.
93. Cordioli G., Castagna S., Consolati F. Single-tooth implant rehabilitation a retrospective study of 67 implants . Int J Prosthodont. 7:1994;525-531.
94. Andersson B., Odman P., Lindvall A.M., Lithner B. Single-tooth restorations supported by osseointegrated implants results and experiences from a prospective study after 2 to 3 years . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;702-711.
95. Haas R., Mensdorff-Pouilly N., Mailath G., Watzek G. Branemark single tooth implants a preliminary report of 76 implants . J Prosthet Dent. 73:1995;274-279.
96. Becker W., Becker B.E. Replacement of maxillary and mandibular molars with single endosseous implant restorations a retrospective study . J Prosthet Dent. 74:1995;51-55.
97. Kemppainen P., Eskola S., Ylipaavalniemi P. A comparative prospective clinical study of two single-tooth implants a preliminary report of 102 implants . J Prosthet Dent. 77:1997;382-387.
98. Wannfors K., Smedberg J.I. A prospective clinical evaluation of different single-tooth restoration designs on osseointegrated implants. A 3-year follow-up of Branemark implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 10:1999;453-458.
99. Watson C.J., Tinsley D., Ogden A.R., Russell J.L., Mulay S., Davison E.M. A 3 to 4 year study of single tooth hydroxylapatite coated endosseous dental implants. Br Dent J. 187:1999;90-94.
100. Levine R.A., Clem D.S. 3rd, Wilson T.G. Jr, Higginbottom F., Solnit G. Multicenter retrospective analysis of the ITI implant system used for single-tooth replacements results of loading for 2 or more years . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 14:1999;516-520.
101. Polizzi G., Rangert B., Lekholm U., Gualini F., Lindstrom H. Branemark System Wide Platform implants for single molar replacement clinical evaluation of prospective and retrospective materials . Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2:2000;61-69.
102. Chaushu G., Chaushu S., Tzohar A., Dayan D. Immediate loading of single-tooth implants immediate versus non-immediate implantation. A clinical report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 16:2001;267-272.
103. Cooper L., Felton D.A., Kugelberg C.F., Ellner S., Chaffee N., Molina A.L., et al. A multicenter 12-month evaluation of single-tooth implants restored 3 weeks after 1-stage surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 16:2001;182-192.
104. Jemt T. Implant treatment in resorbed edentulous upper jaws. Clin Oral Implants Res. 4:1993;187-194.
105. Johansson G., Palmqvist S. Complications, supplementary treatment, and maintenance in edentulous arches with implant-supported fixed prostheses. Int J Prosthodont. 3:1990;89-92.
106. Jemt T., Linden B., Lekholm U. Failure and complications in 127 consecutively placed fixed partial prostheses supported by Branemark implants from prosthetic treatment to first annual checkup . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 7:1992;40-44.
107. Widmark G., Andersson B., Carlsson G.E., Lindvall A.M., Ivanoff C.J. Rehabilitation of patients with severely resorbed maxillae by means of implants with or without bone grafts a 3- to 5-year follow-up clinical report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 16:2001;73-79.
108. Gunne J., Jemt T., Linden B. Implant treatment in partially edentulous patients a report on prostheses after 3 years . Int J Prosthodont. 7:1994;143-148.
109. Friberg B., Grondahl K., Lekholm U., Branemark P.I. Long-term follow-up of severely atrophic edentulous mandibles reconstructed with short Branemark implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2:2000;184-189.
110. Jemt T., Lekholm U. Implant treatment in edentulous maxillae a 5-year follow-up report on patients with different degrees of jaw resorption . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;303-311.
111. Triplett R.G., Mason M.E., Alfonso W.F., McAnear J.T. Endosseous cylinder implants in severely atrophic mandibles. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 6:1991;264-269.
112. Palmer R.M., Palmer P.J., Smith B.J. A 5-year prospective study of Astra single tooth implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 11:2000;179-182.
113. Block M.S., Gardiner D., Kent J.N., Misiek D.J., Finger I.M., Guerra L. Hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical implants in the posterior mandible 10-year observations . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 11:1996;626-633.
114. ten Bruggenkate C.M., Asikainen P., Foitzik C., Krekeler G., Sutter F. Short (6-mm) nonsubmerged dental implants results of a multicenter clinical trial of 1 to 7 years . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 13:1998;791-798.
115. Deporter D.A., Todescan R., Watson P.A., Pharoah M., Pilliar R.M., Tomlinson G. A prospective human clinical trial of Endopore dental implants in restoring the partially edentulous maxilla using fixed prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 16:2001;527-536.
116. Testori T., Wiseman L., Woolfe S., Porter S.S. A prospective multicenter clinical study of the Osseotite implant four-year interim report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 16:2001;193-200.
117. Saadoun A.P., Le Gall M.G. An 8-year compilation of clinical results obtained with Steri-Oss endosseous implants. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 17:1996;669-674 676 passim; quiz 688.
118. Jaffin R.A., Berman C.L. The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone a 5-year analysis . J Periodontol. 62:1991;2-4.
119. Bain C.A., Moy P.K. The association between the failure of dental implants and cigarette smoking. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;609-615.
120. Gorman L.M., Lambert P.M., Morris H.F., Ochi S., Winkler S. The effect of smoking on implant survival at second-stage surgery DICRG Interim Report No. 5. Dental Implant Clinical Research Group . Implant Dent. 3:1994;165-168.
121. De Bruyn H., Collaert B. The effect of smoking on early implant failure. Clin Oral Implants Res. 5:1994;260-264.
122. Minsk L., Polson A.M., Weisgold A., Rose L.F., Sanavi F., Baumgarten H., Listgarten M.A. Outcome failures of endosseous implants from a clinical training center. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 17:1996;848-850 852-4, 856 passim.
123. Jensen O.T., Shulman L.B., Block M.S., Iacono V.J. Report of the Sinus Consensus Conference of 1996. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 13:(Suppl):1998;11-45.
124. Kan J.Y., Rungcharassaeng K., Lozada J.L., Goodacre C.J. Effects of smoking on implant success in grafted maxillary sinuses. J Prosthet Dent. 82:1999;307-311.
125. Jones J.D., Lupori J., Van Sickels J.E., Gardner W. A 5-year comparison of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium plasma-sprayed and titanium plasma-sprayed cylinder dental implants. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 87:1999;649-652.
126. Wallace R.H. The relationship between cigarette smoking and dental implant failure. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 8:2000;103-106.
127. Taylor T.D., Worthington P. Osseointegrated implant rehabilitation of the previously irradiated mandible results of a limited trial at 3 to 7 years . J Prosthet Dent. 69:1993;60-69.
128. Franzen L., Rosenquist J.B., Rosenquist K.I., Gustafsson I. Oral implant rehabilitation of patients with oral malignancies treated with radiotherapy and surgery without adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;183-187.
129. Watzinger F., Ewers R., Henninger A., Sudasch G., Babka A., Woelfl G. Endosteal implants in the irradiated lower jaw. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 24:1996;237-244.
130. Ali A., Patton D.W., el-Sharkawi A.M., Davies J. Implant rehabilitation of irradiated jaws a preliminary report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 12:1997;523-526.
131. Esser E., Wagner W. Dental implants following radical oral cancer surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 12:1997;552-557.
132. Jisander S., Grenthe B., Alberius P. Dental implant survival in the irradiated jaw a preliminary report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 12:1997;643-648.
133. Keller E.E., Tolman D.E., Zuck S.L., Eckert S.E. Mandibular endosseous implants and autogenous bone grafting in irradiated tissue a 10-year retrospective study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 12:1997;800-813.
134. Niimi A., Ueda M., Keller E.E., Worthington P. Experience with osseointegrated implants placed in irradiated tissues in Japan and the United States. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 13:1998;407-411.
135. Ihara K., Goto M., Miyahara A., Toyota J., Katsuki T. Multicenter experience with maxillary prostheses supported by Branemark implants a clinical report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 13:1998;531-538.
136. Wagner W., Esser E., Ostkamp K. Osseointegration of dental implants in patients with and without radiotherapy. Acta Oncol. 37:1998;693-696.
137. Weischer T., Mohr C. Ten-year experience in oral implant rehabilitation of cancer patients treatment concept and proposed criteria for success . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 14:1999;521-528.
138. Shernoff A.F., Colwell J.A., Bingham S.F. Implants for type II diabetic patients interim report. VA implants in Diabetic Study Group . Implant Dent. 3:1994;183-185.
139. Balshi T.J., Wolfinger G.J. Dental implants in the diabetic patient a retrospective study . Implant Dent. 8:1999;355-359.
140. Fiorellini J.P., Chen P.K., Nevins M., Nevins M.L. A retrospective study of dental implants in diabetic patients. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 20:2000;366-373.
141. Olson J.W., Shernoff A.F., Tarlow J.L., Colwell J.A., Scheetz J.P., Bingham S.F. Dental endosseous implant assessments in a type 2 diabetic population a prospective study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 15:2000;811-818.
142. Morris H.F., Ochi S., Winkler S. Implant survival in patients with type 2 diabetes placement to 36 months . Ann Periodontol. 5:2000;157-165.
143. Karr R.A., Kramer D.C., Toth B.B. Dental implants and chemotherapy complications. J Prosthet Dent. 67:1992;683-687.
144. Steiner M., Windchy A., Gould A.R., Kushner G.M., Weber R. Effects of chemotherapy in patients with dental implants. J Oral Implantol. 21:1995;142-147.
145. McDonald A.R., Pogrel M.A., Sharma A. Effects of chemotherapy on osseointegration of implants a case report . J Oral Implantol. 24:1998;11-13.
146. Ihara K., Goto M., Miyahara A., Toyota J., Katsuki T. Multicenter experience with maxillary prostheses supported by Branemark implants a clinical report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 13:1998;531-538.
147. Kovacs A.F. Clinical analysis of implant losses in oral tumor and defect patients. Clin Oral Implants Res. 11:2000;494-504.
148. Dao T.T., Anderson J.D., Zarb G.A. Is osteoporosis a risk factor for osseointegration of dental implants? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;137-144.
149. Starck W.J., Epker B.N. Failure of osseointegrated dental implants after diphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis a case report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;74-78.
150. Minsk L., Polson A.M. Dental implant outcomes in postmenopausal women undergoing hormone replacement. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 19:1998;859-862 864; quiz 866.
151. Eder A., Watzek G. Treatment of a patient with severe osteoporosis and chronic polyarthritis with fixed implant-supported prosthesis a case report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 14:1999;587-590.
152. Jensen J., Sindet-Pedersen S. Osseointegrated implants for prosthetic reconstruction in a patient with scleroderma report of a case . J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 48:1990;739-741.
153. Langer Y., Cardash H.S., Tal H. Use of dental implants in the treatment of patients with scleroderma a clinical report . J Prosthet Dent. 68:1992;873-875.
154. Raviv E., Harel-Raviv M., Shatz P., Gornitsky M. Implant-supported overdenture rehabilitation and progressive systemic sclerosis. Int J Prosthodont. 9:1996;440-444.
155. Patel K., Welfare R., Coonar H.S. The provision of dental implants and a fixed prosthesis in the treatment of a patient with scleroderma a clinical report . J Prosthet Dent. 79:1998;611-612.
156. Payne A.G., Lownie J.F., Van Der Linden W.J. Implant-supported prostheses in patients with Sjogren's syndrome a clinical report on three patients . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 12:1997;679-685.
157. Isidor F., Brondum K., Hansen H.J., Jensen J., Sindet-Pedersen S. Outcome of treatment with implant-retained dental prostheses in patients with Sjogren syndrome. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 14:1999;736-743.
158. Heckmann S.M., Heckmann J.G., Weber H.P. Clinical outcomes of three Parkinson's disease patients treated with mandibular implant overdentures. Clin Oral Implants Res. 11:2000;566-571.
159. Sager R.D., Theis R.M. Dental implants placed in a patient with multiple myeloma report of case . J Am Dent Assoc. 121:1990;699-701.
160. Rajnay Z.W., Hochstetter R.L. Immediate placement of an endosseous root-form implant in an HIV-positive patient report of a case . J Periodontol. 69:1998;1167-1171.
161. Adell K., Lekholm U., Rockler B., Branemark P.I., Lindhe J., Eriksson B., et al. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 15:1986;9-52.
162. Quirynen M., Naert I., van Steenberghe D., Nys L. A study of 589 consecutive implants supporting complete fixed prostheses. Part I Periodontal aspects . J Prosthet Dent. 68:1992;655-663.
163. Quirynen M., Naert I., van Steenberghe D. Fixture design and overload influence marginal bone loss and fixture success in the Branemark system. Clin Oral Implants Res. 3:1992;104-111.
164. Tal H. Spontaneous early exposure of submerged implants I. Classification and clinical observations . J Periodontol. 70:1999;213-219.
165. Quirynen M., Naert I., van Steenberghe H., Dekeyser C., Callens A. Periodontal aspects of osseointegrated fixtures supporting a partial bridge. An up to 6 years retrospective study. J Clin Periodontol. 19:1992;118-126.
166. Adell R., Lekholm U., Rockler B., Branemark P.I., Lindhe J., Eriksson B., Sbordone L. Marginal tissue reaction at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 15:1986;39-52.
167. Lekholm U., Adell R., Lindhe J., Branemark P.I., Eriksson B., Rockler B., et al. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (II). A cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 15:1986;53-61.
168. Apse P., Zarb G.A., Schmitt A., Lewis D.W. The longitudinal effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants. The Toronto study peri-implant mucosal response . Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 11:1991;94-111.
169. Mombelli A., van Oosten M.A., Schurch E. Jr, Land N.P. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2:1987;145-151.
170. Quirynen M., Naert I., van Steenberghe D., Teerlinck J., Dekeyser C., Theuniers G. Periodontal aspects of osseointegrated fixtures supporting an overdenture. A 4-year retrospective study. J Clin Periodontol. 18:1991;719-728.
171. Zarb G.A., Schmitt A. Osseointegration for elderly patients the Toronto study . J Prosthet Dent. 72:1994;559-568.
172. Wismeijer D., van Waas M.A., Mulder J., Vermeeren J.I., Kalk W. Clinical and radiological results of patients treated with three treatment modalities for overdentures on implants of the ITI Dental Implant System. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 10:1999;297-306.
173. Weber H.P., Crohin C.C., Fiorellini J.P. A 5-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 11:2000;144-153.
174. Kirsch A., Mentag P.J. The IMZ endosseous two phase implant system a complete oral rehabilitation treatment concept . J Oral Implantol. 12:1986;576-589.
175. Block M.S., Kent J.N. Long-term follow-up on hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical dental implants a comparison between developmental and recent periods . J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 52:1994;937-943.
176. Teixeira E.R., Sato Y., Akagawa Y., Kimoto T. Correlation between mucosal inflammation and marginal bone loss around hydroxyapatite-coated implants a 3-year cross-sectional study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 12:1997;74-81.
177. Salonen M.A., Oikarinen K., Virtanen K., Pernu H. Failures in the osseointegration of endosseous implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 8:1993;92-97.
178. Lindquist L.W., Carlsson G.E., Jemt T. A prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants. Clinical results and marginal bone loss. Clin Oral Implants Res. 7:1996;329-336.
179. Tang Z., Sha Y., Lin Y., Zhang G., Wang X., Cao C. Peri-implant mucosal inflammation and bone loss clinical and radiographic evaluation of 108 dental implants after 1-year loading . Clin J Dent Res. 3:2000;15-20.
180. Naert I., Quirynen M., Hooghe M., van Steenberghe D. A comparative prospective study of splinted and unsplinted Branemark implants in mandibular overdenture therapy a preliminary report . J Prosthet Dent. 71:1994;486-492.
181. Parein A.M., Eckert S.E., Wollan P.C., Keller E.E. Implant reconstruction in the posterior mandible a long-term retrospective study . J Prosthet Dent. 78:1997;34-42.
182. 2-blasted surface. J Prosthodont. 10:2001;2-7.
183. Johansson G., Palmqvist S. Complications, supplementary treatment, and maintenance in edentulous arches with implant-supported fixed prostheses. Int J Prosthodont. 3:1990;89-92.
184. Karlsson U., Gotfredsen K., Olsson C. A 2-year report on maxillary and mandibular fixed partial dentures supported by Astra Tech dental implants. A comparison of 2 implants with different surface textures. Clin Oral Implants Res. 9:1998;235-242.
185. Kallus T., Bessing C. Loose gold screws frequently occur in full-arch fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants after 5 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 9:1994;169-178.
186. Henry P.J., Laney W.R., Jemt T., Harris D., Krogh P.H., Polizzi G., et al. Osseointegrated implants for single-tooth replacement a prospective 5-year multicenter study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 11:1996;450-455.
187. Andersson B., Odman P., Lindvall A.M., Branemark P.I. Cemented single crowns on osseointegrated implants after 5 years results from a prospective study on CeraOne . Int J Prosthodont. 11:1998;212-218.
188. Scheller H., Urgell J.P., Kultje C., Klineberg I., Goldberg P.V., Stevenson-Moore P., et al. A 5-year multicenter study on implant-supported single crown restorations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 13:1998;212-218.
189. Priest G. Single-tooth implants and their role in preserving remaining teeth a 10-year survival study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 14:1999;181-188.
190. Schwartz-Arad D., Samet N., Samet N. Single tooth replacement of missing molars a retrospective study of 78 implants . J Periodontol. 70:1999;449-454.
191. Bianco G., Di Raimondo R., Luongo G., Paoleschi C., Piccoli P., Piccoli C., et al. Osseointegrated implant for single-tooth replacement a retrospective multicenter study on routine use in private practice . Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2:2000;152-158.
192. Lazzara R., Siddiqui A.A., Binon P., Feldman S.A., Weiner R., Phillips R., et al. Retrospective multicenter analysis of 3i endosseous dental implants placed over a five-year period. Clin Oral Implants Res. 7:1996;73-83.
193. Zarb G.A., Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants the Toronto study. Part III: Problems and complications encountered . J Prosthet Dent. 64:1990;185-194.
194. Zarb G.A., Schmitt A. The edentulous predicament. I A prospective study of the effectiveness of implant-supported fixed prostheses . J Am Dent Assoc. 127:1996;59-65.
195. Behr M., Lang R., Leibrock A., Rosentritt M., Handel G. Complication rate with prosthodontic reconstructions on ITI and IMZ dental implants. Internationales Team fur Implantologie. Clin Oral Implants Res. 9:1998;51-58.
196. Weber H.P., Crohin C.C., Fiorellini J.P. A 5-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 11:2000;144-153.
197. Eckert S.E., Meraw S.J., Cal E., Ow R.K. Analysis of incidence and associated factors with fractured implants a retrospective study . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 15:2000;662-667.
198. Chang M., Odman P.A., Wennstrom J.L., Andersson B. Esthetic outcome of implant-supported single-tooth replacements assessed by the patient and by prosthodontists. Int J Prosthodont. 12:1999;335-341.
199. Eckert S.E., Desjardins R.P., Keller E.E., Tolman D.E. Endosseous implants in an irradiated tissue bed. J Prosthet Dent. 76:1996;45-49.
200. Johnson R.H., Persson G.R. A 3-year prospective study of a single-tooth implant-prosthodontic complications. Int J Prosthodont. 14:2001;183-189.
201. Batenburg R.H., Raghoebar G.M., Van Oort R.P., Heijdenrijk K., Boering G. Mandibular overdentures supported by two or four endosteal implants. A prospective, comparative study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 27:1998;435-439.
202. van Steenberghe D., Quirynen M., Naert I., Maffei G., Jacobs R. Marginal bone loss around implants retaining hinging mandibular overdentures, at 4-, 8- and 12-years follow-up. J Clin Periodontol. 28:2001;628-633.
203. Kiener P., Oetterli M., Mericske E., Mericske-Stern R. Effectiveness of maxillary overdentures supported by implants maintenance and prosthetic complications . Int J Prosthodont. 14:2001;133-140.
204. August M., Chung K., Chang Y., Glowacki J. Influence of estrogen status on endosseous implant osseointegration. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 59:2001;1285-1289.
205. Donatsky O., Hillerup S. Non-submerged osseointegrated dental implants with ball attachments supporting overdentures in patients with mandibular alveolar ridge atrophy. A short-term follow-up. Clin Oral Implants Res. 7:1996;170-174.
206. Davis D.M., Rogers J.O., Packer M.E. The extent of maintenance required by implant-retained mandibular overdentures a 3-year report . Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 11:1996;767-774.
207. Block M.S., Kent J.N., Finger I.M. Use of the integral implant for overdenture stabilization. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 5:1990;140-147.
208. Boerrigter E.M., van Oort R.P., Raghoebar G.M., Stegenga B., Schoen P.J., Boering G. A controlled clinical trial of implant-retained mandibular overdentures clinical aspects . J Oral Rehabil. 24:1997;182-190.
209. Geertman M.E., Boerrigter E.M., Van Waas M.A., van Oort R.P. Clinical aspects of a multicenter clinical trial of implant-retained mandibular overdentures in patients with severely resorbed mandibles. J Prosthet Dent. 75:1996;194-204.
210. Spiekermann H., Jansen V.K., Richter E.J. A 10-year follow-up study of IMZ and TPS implants in the edentulous mandible using bar-retained overdentures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 10:1995;231-243.
211. Marker P., Siemssen S.J., Bastholt L. Osseointegrated implants for prosthetic rehabilitation after treatment of cancer of the oral cavity. Acta Oncologica. 36:1997;37-40.
212. Weibrich G., Buch R.S.R., Wegener J., Wagner W. Five-year prospective follow-up report of the Astra Tech standard dental implant in clinical treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 16:2001;557-562.
213. Marx R.E., Morales M.J. The use of implants in the reconstruction of oral cancer patients. Dent Clin North Am. 42:1998;177-202.
214. Friberg B., Ekestubbe A., Mellstrom D., Sennerby L. Branemark implants and osteoporosis a clinical exploratory study . Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 3:2001;50-56.
215. Granstrom G., Tjellstrom A., Brånemark P.I., Fornander J. Bone-anchored reconstruction of the irradiated head and neck cancer patient. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 108:1993;334-343.
216. Arcuri M.R., Fridrich K.L., Funk G.F., Tabor M.W., LaVelle W.E. Titanium osseointegrated implants combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in previously irradiated mandibles. J Prosthet Dent. 77:1997;177-183.
217. Roumanas E.D., Nishimura R.D., Davis B.K., Beumer J. 3rd. Clinical evaluation of implants retaining edentulous maxillary obturator prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 77:1997;184-190.
218. Nishimura R.D., Roumanas E., Beumer J. 3rd, Moy P.K., Shimizu K.T. Restoration of irradiated patients using osseointegrated implants current perspectives . J Prosthet Dent. 79:1998;641-647.