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Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: Results from overview of randomised trials
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Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S, et al. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results from overview of randomised trials. BMJ 2000; 321:1493-1497.
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The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome: Cumulative meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials
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Ballantyne, J.C.1
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Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid-based analgesic regimens on postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, PONV and pain after abdominal surgery
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Jorgensen H, Wetterslev J, Moiniche S, Dahl JB. Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid-based analgesic regimens on postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, PONV and pain after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; (4):CD001893.
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Jorgensen, H.1
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Epidural analgesia reduces postoperative myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis
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Beattie WS, Badner NH, Choi P. Epidural analgesia reduces postoperative myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:853-858.
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Beattie, W.S.1
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Choi, P.3
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Effect of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on perioperative outcome: A randomized, controlled Veterans Affairs Cooperative study
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Park WY, Thompson JS, Lee KK. Effect of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on perioperative outcome: a randomized, controlled Veterans Affairs Cooperative study. Ann Surg 2001; 234:560-569.
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Ann Surg
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Park, W.Y.1
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6
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Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: A randomised trial
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Rigg JR, Jamrozik K, Myles PS, et al. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 359:1276-1282. A large randomized trial of EAA versus general anaesthesia/systemic analgesia, known as the MASTER trial, which has initiated a wide discussion on outcome benefits. It is a milestone trial in anaesthesia with regard to size and multicentre design, but has also been criticized with regard to trial design, conduct and power (see [8•9,10]).
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Lancet
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Rigg, J.R.1
Jamrozik, K.2
Myles, P.S.3
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Perioperative epidural analgesia and outcome after major abdominal surgery in high-risk patients
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Peyton PJ, Myles PS, Silbert BS, et al. Perioperative epidural analgesia and outcome after major abdominal surgery in high-risk patients. Anesth Analg 2003; 96:548-554. A summary of predetermined subgroup analyses of the MASTER trial [6••], which found no further morbidity and mortality benefits of EAA and answers some of the issues under current discussion.
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Anesth Analg
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Peyton, P.J.1
Myles, P.S.2
Silbert, B.S.3
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8
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letter to the editor
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Van Aken H, Gogarten W, Brussel T, Brodner G. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in major surgery [letter to the editor]. Lancet 2002; 360:568. A letter to the editor of the Lancet, which provides major criticism of the MASTER trial and initiated the ongoing discussion - the reply of the authors can be found on p. 569 of this issue.
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Lancet
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Van Aken, H.1
Gogarten, W.2
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9
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Low J. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in major surgery. Lancet 2002; 360:568.
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Low, J.1
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Kehlet H, Holte K. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in major surgery. Lancet 2002; 360:568-569.
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Kehlet, H.1
Holte, K.2
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11
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0036932491
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Effect of ilioinguinal nerve block on the catecholamine plasma levels in orchidopexy: Comparison with caudal epidural block
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Somri M, Gaitini LA, Vaida SJ, et al. Effect of ilioinguinal nerve block on the catecholamine plasma levels in orchidopexy: comparison with caudal epidural block. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12:791-797. Excellent paper utilizing catecholamine response to surgery to assess block quality in children and show superiority of epidural over peripheral nerve block with regard to this parameter.
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(2002)
Paediatr Anaesth
, vol.12
, pp. 791-797
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Somri, M.1
Gaitini, L.A.2
Vaida, S.J.3
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12
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0036714158
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Postoperative pain management in orthopaedic patients: No differences in pain score, but improved stress control by epidural anaesthesia
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Adams HA, Saatweber P, Schmitz CS, Hecker H. Postoperative pain management in orthopaedic patients: no differences in pain score, but improved stress control by epidural anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19:658-665. Small study in adults with similar results to [11••].
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(2002)
Eur J Anaesthesiol
, vol.19
, pp. 658-665
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Adams, H.A.1
Saatweber, P.2
Schmitz, C.S.3
Hecker, H.4
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13
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0036150146
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Central neuraxial analgesia in cardiac surgery
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Falcucci O. Central neuraxial analgesia in cardiac surgery. Mt Sinai J Med 2002; 69:45-50. Good review of the pertinent literature.
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(2002)
Mt Sinai J Med
, vol.69
, pp. 45-50
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Falcucci, O.1
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14
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0037235478
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Prospective randomized trial of high thoracic epidural analgesia for coronary artery bypass surgery
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Royse C, Royse A, Soeding P, et al. Prospective randomized trial of high thoracic epidural analgesia for coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75:93-100. Outstanding RCT of EAA in coronary artery bypass surgery with a good trial design and interesting outcome parameters including assessment of postoperative depression and posttraumatic stress.
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(2003)
Ann Thorac Surg
, vol.75
, pp. 93-100
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Royse, C.1
Royse, A.2
Soeding, P.3
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15
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0033946445
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The role of epidural anesthesia and analgesia in postoperative outcome
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Grass JA. The role of epidural anesthesia and analgesia in postoperative outcome. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2000; 18:407-428, viii.
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Anesthesiol Clin North Am
, vol.18
, pp. 407-428
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Grass, J.A.1
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16
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0036022698
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Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia: Effects on surgical stress responses and implications for postoperative nutrition
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Holte K, Kehlet H. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia: effects on surgical stress responses and implications for postoperative nutrition. Clin Nutr 2002; 21:199-206. An excellent review, summarizing suggestions by this group to utilize EAA to enable 'fast-track' recovery after surgery and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality. A paper every surgeon should read!
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(2002)
Clin Nutr
, vol.21
, pp. 199-206
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Holte, K.1
Kehlet, H.2
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17
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0037311811
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Effects of epidural anaesthesia on intestinal oxygenation in pigs
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Vagts DA, Iber T, Szabo B, et al. Effects of epidural anaesthesia on intestinal oxygenation in pigs. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90:212-220. Interesting animal study further supporting the preference for vasoconstrictors over fluid loading for treatment of EAA induced hypotension.
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(2003)
Br J Anaesth
, vol.90
, pp. 212-220
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Vagts, D.A.1
Iber, T.2
Szabo, B.3
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18
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0036039997
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Effect of thoracic epidural anaesthesia on colonic blood flow
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Gould TH, Grace K, Thorne G, Thomas M. Effect of thoracic epidural anaesthesia on colonic blood flow. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89:446-451. Similar results to [17•], but here in a technically demanding study in humans.
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(2002)
Br J Anaesth
, vol.89
, pp. 446-451
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Gould, T.H.1
Grace, K.2
Thorne, G.3
Thomas, M.4
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20
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0036828476
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A randomized, double-blinded comparison of thoracic epidural ropivacaine, ropivacaine/fentanyl, or bupivacaine/fentanyl for postthoracotomy analgesia
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Macias A, Monedero P, Adame M, et al. A randomized, double-blinded comparison of thoracic epidural ropivacaine, ropivacaine/fentanyl, or bupivacaine/fentanyl for postthoracotomy analgesia. Anesth Analg 2002; 95:1344-1350.
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(2002)
Anesth Analg
, vol.95
, pp. 1344-1350
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Macias, A.1
Monedero, P.2
Adame, M.3
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21
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0036224168
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Motor function during patient-controlled analgesia via a lumbar epidural catheter after major abdominal surgery: Ropivacaine-sufentanil vs. bupivacaine-sufentanil
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Eberhart LH, Lehle B, Kiefer P, et al. [Motor function during patient-controlled analgesia via a lumbar epidural catheter after major abdominal surgery: ropivacaine-sufentanil vs. bupivacaine-sufentanil]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2002; 37:216-221. German-language publication (with English abstract), demonstrating an interesting difference between measured motor function and ability to ambulate, which illustrates clinical relevance (or better irrelevance) of certain measures.
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(2002)
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther
, vol.37
, pp. 216-221
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Eberhart, L.H.1
Lehle, B.2
Kiefer, P.3
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22
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0036713163
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Epidural combination of ropivacaine with sufentanil for postoperative analgesia after total knee replacement: A pilot study
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Kampe S, Diefenbach C, Kanis B, et al. Epidural combination of ropivacaine with sufentanil for postoperative analgesia after total knee replacement: a pilot study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19:666-671. Small pilot study suggesting that lower concentrations of ropivacaine than the commonly used 0.2% might offer advantages for lumbar administration after orthopaedic surgery.
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(2002)
Eur J Anaesthesiol
, vol.19
, pp. 666-671
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Kampe, S.1
Diefenbach, C.2
Kanis, B.3
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23
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0344837772
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Epidural ketamine potentiates epidural morphine but not fentanyl in acute nociception in rats
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Hoffmann VL, Baker AK, Vercauteren MP, et al. Epidural ketamine potentiates epidural morphine but not fentanyl in acute nociception in rats. Eur J Pain 2003; 7:121-130. Animal study challenging our common understanding of opioids effects.
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(2003)
Eur J Pain
, vol.7
, pp. 121-130
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Hoffmann, V.L.1
Baker, A.K.2
Vercauteren, M.P.3
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24
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0036063806
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A 'membrane in syringe' technique that allows identification of the epidural space with saline while avoids injection of air into the epidural space
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Lin BC, Chen KB, Chang CS, et al. A 'membrane in syringe' technique that allows identification of the epidural space with saline while avoids injection of air into the epidural space. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 2002; 40:55-60. A clever idea, which needs to prove its clinical usefulness.
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(2002)
Acta Anaesthesiol sin
, vol.40
, pp. 55-60
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Lin, B.C.1
Chen, K.B.2
Chang, C.S.3
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25
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0036058819
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Clinical results with a new acoustic device to identify the epidural space
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Lechner TJ, van Wijk MG, Maas AJ. Clinical results with a new acoustic device to identify the epidural space. Anaesthesia 2002; 57:768-772. Another clever tool (or toy) requiring more detailed evaluation.
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(2002)
Anaesthesia
, vol.57
, pp. 768-772
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Lechner, T.J.1
Van Wijk, M.G.2
Maas, A.J.3
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26
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0034752443
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Thoracic epidural analgesia via the caudal approach in pediatric patients undergoing fundoplication using nerve stimulation guidance
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Tsui BC, Seal R, Koller J, et al. Thoracic epidural analgesia via the caudal approach in pediatric patients undergoing fundoplication using nerve stimulation guidance. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:1152-1155.
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(2001)
Anesth Analg
, vol.93
, pp. 1152-1155
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Tsui, B.C.1
Seal, R.2
Koller, J.3
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27
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Confirmation of epidural catheter placement using nerve stimulation
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Tsui BC, Gupta S, Finucane B. Confirmation of epidural catheter placement using nerve stimulation. Can J Anaesth 1998; 45:640-644.
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Can J Anaesth
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Tsui, B.C.1
Gupta, S.2
Finucane, B.3
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28
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The placement of the epidural catheter at the predicted site by electrical stimulation test
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Hayatsu K, Tomita M, Fujihara H, et al. The placement of the epidural catheter at the predicted site by electrical stimulation test. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:1035-1039.
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Anesth Analg
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Hayatsu, K.1
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Fujihara, H.3
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29
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0346667067
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Ultrasound and local anaesthesia: Part III. Ultrasound and neuroaxial local anaesthesia
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Grau T, Conradi R, Martin E, Motsch J. [Ultrasound and local anaesthesia: part III. Ultrasound and neuroaxial local anaesthesia]. Anaesthesist 2003; 52:68-73. Excellent German-language meta-analysis (with English abstract) of the usefulness of ultrasound, utilizing detailed biomathematical assessments.
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Anaesthesist
, vol.52
, pp. 68-73
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Grau, T.1
Conradi, R.2
Martin, E.3
Motsch, J.4
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0033944216
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Complications of spinal and epidural anesthesia
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Horlocker TT. Complications of spinal and epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2000; 18:461-485.
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Anesthesiol Clin North Am
, vol.18
, pp. 461-485
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Horlocker, T.T.1
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0036791779
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Neurological complications following central neuraxial blocks; are there predictive factors?
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De Tommaso O, Caporuscio A, Tagariello V. Neurological complications following central neuraxial blocks; are there predictive factors? Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19:705-716. Extensive review of the literature (139 references) in a worthwhile attempt to identify predictive factors for neurological disasters.
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(2002)
Eur J Anaesthesiol
, vol.19
, pp. 705-716
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De Tommaso, O.1
Caporuscio, A.2
Tagariello, V.3
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Predictors of successful neuraxial block: A prospective study
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de Oliveira Filho GR, Gomes HP, da Fonseca MH, et al. Predictors of successful neuraxial block: a prospective study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19:447-451. Large prospective study in 1481 patients calculating independent odds ratios for 'first attempt' identification of epidural and intrathecal space, confirming the high importance of patient positioning (odds ratio 3.84).
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(2002)
Eur J Anaesthesiol
, vol.19
, pp. 447-451
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De Oliveira Filho, G.R.1
Gomes, H.P.2
Da Fonseca, M.H.3
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33
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Intrinsic spinal cord lesions complicating epidural anaesthesia and analgesia: Report of three cases
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Wilkinson PA, Valentine A, Gibbs JM. Intrinsic spinal cord lesions complicating epidural anaesthesia and analgesia: report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:537-539.
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(2002)
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
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, pp. 537-539
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Wilkinson, P.A.1
Valentine, A.2
Gibbs, J.M.3
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0036242725
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Post-operative paraplegia following spinal cord infarction
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Weinberg L, Harvey WR, Marshall RJ. Post-operative paraplegia following spinal cord infarction. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:469-472. Case report confirming the multifactorial causation of paraplegia in a patient, who also had EAA.
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(2002)
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
, vol.46
, pp. 469-472
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Weinberg, L.1
Harvey, W.R.2
Marshall, R.J.3
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35
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0036786357
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Paraplegia associated with combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia caused by preoperatively unrecognized spinal vertebral metastasis
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Kararmaz A, Turhanoglu A, Arslan H, et al. Paraplegia associated with combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia caused by preoperatively unrecognized spinal vertebral metastasis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:1165-1167.
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(2002)
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
, vol.46
, pp. 1165-1167
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Kararmaz, A.1
Turhanoglu, A.2
Arslan, H.3
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36
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0036105281
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Catheter-related epidural abscesses: Don't wait for neurological deficits
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Royakkers AA, Willigers H, van der Ven AJ, et al. Catheter-related epidural abscesses: don't wait for neurological deficits. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:611-615. Report of three cases, which are a timely reminder that early MRI scan is the diagnostic tool of choice in patients with any signs and symptoms of epidural infection irrespective of their neurological status.
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(2002)
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
, vol.46
, pp. 611-615
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Royakkers, A.A.1
Willigers, H.2
Van Der Ven, A.J.3
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37
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0036899487
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Bacterial contamination of epidural needles after multiple skin passes
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Orlikowski C, Majedi PM, Keil AD. Bacterial contamination of epidural needles after multiple skin passes. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89:922-924. Interesting study contradicting common beliefs about risks of bacterial contamination of needles with long insertion time and multiple insertion attempts.
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(2002)
Br J Anaesth
, vol.89
, pp. 922-924
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Orlikowski, C.1
Majedi, P.M.2
Keil, A.D.3
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Evaluation of S1 motor block to determine a safe, reliable test dose for epidural analgesia
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Daoud Z, Collis RE, Ateleanu B, Mapleson WW. Evaluation of S1 motor block to determine a safe, reliable test dose for epidural analgesia. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89:442-445. A good idea to objectify a rather subjective test, confirmed by a study.
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(2002)
Br J Anaesth
, vol.89
, pp. 442-445
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Daoud, Z.1
Collis, R.E.2
Ateleanu, B.3
Mapleson, W.W.4
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39
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0036072587
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Safer epidural and spinal connectors
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Lanigan CJ. Safer epidural and spinal connectors. Anaesthesia 2002; 57:567-571. A simple and elegant proposal for the prevention of potentially fatal errors, which won the Safety Prize of the AAGBI in Belfast 2001.
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(2002)
Anaesthesia
, vol.57
, pp. 567-571
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Lanigan, C.J.1
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40
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Paediatric regional anaesthesia, a survey of practice in the United Kingdom
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Sanders JC. Paediatric regional anaesthesia, a survey of practice in the United Kingdom. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89:707-710.
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Br J Anaesth
, vol.89
, pp. 707-710
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Sanders, J.C.1
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Regional anesthesia is a good alternative to general anesthesia in pediatric surgery: Experience in 1,554 children
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Uguralp S, Mutus M, Koroglu A, et al. Regional anesthesia is a good alternative to general anesthesia in pediatric surgery: experience in 1,554 children. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37:610-613.
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J Pediatr Surg
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In praise of the epidural space for analgesia in neonates
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Moriarty A. In praise of the epidural space for analgesia in neonates. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12:836-837.
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Paediatr Anaesth
, vol.12
, pp. 836-837
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Moriarty, A.1
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Pulmonary Doppler flow velocity pattern during caudal epidural anaesthesia in children
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Ozasa H, Hashimoto K, Saito Y. Pulmonary Doppler flow velocity pattern during caudal epidural anaesthesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12:317-321. Important observation with clinical implications.
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Paediatr Anaesth
, vol.12
, pp. 317-321
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Ozasa, H.1
Hashimoto, K.2
Saito, Y.3
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44
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Combined epidural and general anaesthesia in a patient with a transplanted heart undergoing upper abdominal surgery
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Grimsehl K, Levack ID. Combined epidural and general anaesthesia in a patient with a transplanted heart undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88:612-613.
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Br J Anaesth
, vol.88
, pp. 612-613
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Grimsehl, K.1
Levack, I.D.2
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45
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Epidural anaesthesia for arthroscopic knee surgery in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis
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Karaca S, Akgun I. Epidural anaesthesia for arthroscopic knee surgery in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19:528-529.
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Eur J Anaesthesiol
, vol.19
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Karaca, S.1
Akgun, I.2
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Epidural anaesthesia in a child with possible spinal muscular atrophy
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Veen A, Molenbuur B, Richardson FJ. Epidural anaesthesia in a child with possible spinal muscular atrophy. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12:556-558.
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Paediatr Anaesth
, vol.12
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Veen, A.1
Molenbuur, B.2
Richardson, F.J.3
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