Lessons from America: The role of business improvement districts as an agent of urban regeneration

Town Planning Review

Volumn 74, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 301-314

  Symes, Martin ^a   Steel, Mark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC REGENERATION; LEGISLATION; URBAN PLANNING; URBAN POLICY; URBAN RENEWAL;

UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0142009598     PISSN: 00410020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3828/tpr.74.3.3     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. AREFI, M. (2002), 'Jump starting main street:: a case study of the Los Angeles Neighbourhood Initiative (LANI)', Town Planning Review, 73, 83-110.
2. ASHCROFT, L. (2000), 'Changing cultures and building shared ownership', Local Economy, 15, 256-61.
3. BERMAN, H. et al. (1997), Managing the Micropolis: Proposals to Strengthen Business Improvement District Performance and Accountability, New York, Council of the City of New York, www.tenant.net/oversight/bid97/bid97.html.
4. BRIFFAULT, R. (1999),'A government for our time?', Colombia Law Review, 99, 365-477.
5. CLARK, G.(1997), 'US regeneration policy to the millennium', Local Economy, 12, 58-63.
6. CLARK, S. E. (2002),'Globalism and cities: a North American perspective' in R. Hambleton, H. V. Savitch and M. Stewart (eds), Globalism and Local Democracy: Challenge and Change in Europe and North America, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 30-51.
7. CLARKE, T. N. (2002), 'Globalisation and transformations in political cultures' in R. Hambleton, H. V. Savitch and M. Stewart (eds), Globalism and Local Democracy: Challenge and Change in Europe and North America, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 67-94.
8. CURRAN, S. et al. (2000), 'Is there a local business community?, Local Economy, 15, 128-47.
9. DAVIES, M. (1990), City of Quartz, New York, Verso.
10. GARODNICK, D. (2000), 'What's the BID deal? Can the Grand Central Business Improvement District serve a special limited purpose?', University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 148(l), 733-74.
11. GRATZ, R. (2001), Cities Back from the Edge, New York, Wiley.
12. GROGAN, P. (2000), Comeback Cities, Boulder, Westview Press.
13. HAMBLETON, R. (1995), 'Cross-national urban policy transfer: insights from the USA' in R. Hambleton and R. Thomas (eds), Urban Policy Evaluation: Challenge and Change, London, Paul Chapman, 24-37.
14. HAMILTON, R. et al. (2001), Downtown New York: A Community Comes of Age, New York, Alliance for Downtown New York.
15. HOUSTOUN, L. (1999), Business Improvement Districts, Washington, DC, International Downtown Association.
16. JOUVE, B. and LEFEVRE, C. (2002), 'Governance and institutional dynamics' in R. Hambleton, H. V. Savitch and M. Stewart, Globalism and Local Democracy: Challenge and Change in Europe and North America, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 185-200.
17. JOVER, J. et al. (1998), Strategic Framework for Commercial Revitalisation, Centre for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers State University, New York.
18. LAWLESS, P. (1996), 'The inner cities: towards a new agenda', Town Planning Review, 67, 21-44.
19. LEVY, P. (1998), Paying for Public Life, New York, International Downtown Association.
20. MARMOT, A. F. and SYMES, M. (1983), 'Grant aided design. British beginnings and American experience', Architects Journal, 178, 34-42.
21. MITCHELL, J. (1999), Business Improvement Districts and Innovative Service Delivery, New York, Pricewaterhouse Coopers.
22. OATLEY, N. (1995), 'Competitive urban policy and the regeneration game', Town Planning Review, 66, 1-14.
23. PIERCE, N. (1993), Citistates: How Urban America can Prosper in a Competitive World, New York, Seven Locks.
24. PORTER, M. (1995), 'The competitive advantage of the inner city', Harvard Business Review, 73, May, 55-71.
25. SMYTH, H. (1994), Marketing the City, London, Spon.
26. SOJA, E. (2000), Postmetropolis, Oxford, Blackwell.
27. STUBBS, B. et al. (2002), 'Marketing at the public private interface: town centre management schemes in the south of England', Cities, 19, 317-26.
28. TSURUMAKI, M. (1996), Public Viewing in the Flatiron (Report), New York, Van Alan Institute.
29. TUROK, I. et al. (1999), 'Social exclusion: in what sense a planning problem?', Town Planning Review, 70, 363-84.
30. URBAN TASK FORCE (1999), Towards an Urban Renaissance, London, Spon.
31. VENTURI, R. (1977), Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture, Los Angeles, Architectural Press.
32. WARNABY, G. et al. (1998), 'Town centre management in the UK: a review, synthesis and research agenda', International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 8, 15-30.
33. WEBSTER, C. (2001), 'Gated cities of tomorrow', Town Planning Review, 72, 149-69.
34. WOOD, A. et al. (1998), 'Local business representation and the private sector role in economic policy in Britain', Local Economy, 112, 28-42.