The Tagliamento River: A model ecosystem of European importance

Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 65, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 239-253

  Tockner, Klement ^a   Ward, James V ^a   Arscott, David B ^a   Edwards, Peter J ^b   Kollmann, Johannes ^c   Gurnell, Angela M ^d   Petts, Geoffrey E ^e   Maiolini, Bruno ^f  

^a SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^e KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^f MUSEO TRIDENTINO DI SCIENZE NATURALI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Conservation; Flood pulse; Floodplain; Flow pulse; Landscape; Reference ecosystem; Restoration

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; RIVER; RIVER MANAGEMENT;

ITALY;

EID: 0141976847     PISSN: 10151621     EISSN: 14209055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00027-003-0699-9     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Abbe, T. B. and D. R. Montgomery, 1996. Large woody debris jams, channel hydraulics and habitat formation in large rivers. Reg. Riv. 12: 201-221.
2. Arscott, D. B., K. Tockner and J. V. Ward, 2000. Aquatic habitat diversity along the corridor of an Alpine floodplain river (Fiume Tagliamento, Italy). Archiv Hydrobiol. 149: 679-704.
3. Arscott, D. B., K. Tockner and J. V. Ward, 2001. Thermal heterogeneity along a braided floodplain river (Tagliamento River, northeastern Italy). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58: 2359-2373.
4. Arscott, D. B., K. Tockner, D. Van der Nat and J. V. Ward, 2002. Aquatic habitat dynamics along a braided Alpine river ecosystem (Tagliamento River, Northeast Italy). Ecosystems 5: 802-814.
5. Astori, A., 1993. Morfologie alluvionali e dinamica fluviale di un fiume-torrente Alpino: il F.Tagliamento a Tolmezzo (Carnia), Master Thesis, Univ. of Padova.
6. Baumgartner, A., E. Reichel and G. Weber, 1983. Der Wasserhaushalt der Alpen, R. Oldenburg, Munich.
7. Bayard, M. and F. H. Schweingruber, 1991. Ein Baumgrenzstandort: Das Wildwasserbett der Maggia imTessin, Schweiz. Eine dendroökologische Studie. Bot. Helv. 101: 9-28.
8. Benke, A. C., I. Chaubey, M. G. Ward and E. L. Dunn, 2000. Flood pulse dynamics of an unregulated river floodplain in the southeastern U.S. coastal plain. Ecology 81: 2730-2741.
9. Bill, H.-Ch., P. Poschlod, M. Reich and H. Plachter, 1999. Experiments and observations on seed dispersal by running water in an Alpine floodplain. Bull. Geobot. Inst. ETH 65: 13-28.
10. Billi, P., R. D. Hey, C. R. Thorne and P. Tacconi, 1992. Dynamics of gravel-bed rivers, Wiley, Chichester.
11. Bormann, F. H. and G. E. Likens, 1979. Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem, Springer, New York.
12. Cattaneo, A., G. Salmoiraghi and S. Gazzera, 1995. The rivers of Italy. In: C. E. Cushing, K. W. Cummins and G. W. Minshall (eds.), River and stream ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 479-505.
13. CIPRA, 1998. Alpenreport, Verlag Haupt, Bern.
14. Dynesius. M. and C. Nilsson, 1994. Fragmentation and flow regulation in the northern third of the world. Science 266: 753-762.
15. Edwards, P. J., J. Kollmann, A. M. Gurnell, G. E. Petts, K. Tockner and J. V. Ward, 1999. A conceptual model of vegetation dynamics on gravel bars of a large Alpine river. Wetlands Ecol. Manag. 7: 141-153.
16. Electroconsult, 1979. Tagliamento: Dati idrologici. Rapporto preliminare, Regione Autonoma Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trieste.
17. Ellenberg, H., 1988. Vegetation ecology of central Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
18. Fetherston, K. L., R. J. Naiman and R. E. Bilby, 1995. Large woody debris, physical process, and riparian forest development in montane river networks of the Pacific Northwest. Geomorphology 13: 133-144.
19. Gentilli, J., 1971. Il Friuli, I Climi. Udine.
20. Gerken, B., K. Dörfer, M. Buschmann, S. Kamps-Schwob, J. Berthelmann and D. Gertenbach, 1991. Composition and distribution of carabid communities along rivers and ponds in the region of the Upper Weser (NW/ND/FRG) with respect to protection and management of a floodplain ecosystem. Reg. Riv. 6: 313-320
21. Glenn-Lewin, D. C. and E. van der Maarel, 1992. Patterns and processes of vegetation dynamics. In: D. C. Glenn-Lewin, R. K. Peet and T. T. Veblen (eds.), Plant succession: theory and prediction, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 11-59.
22. Gurnell, A. M. and G. E. Petts, 2002. Island-dominated landscapes of large floodplain rivers, a European perspective. Freshwat. Biol. 47: 581-600.
23. Gurnell, A. M., G. E. Petts, D. M. Hannah, B. P. G. Smith, P. J. Edwards, J. Kollmann, J. V. Ward and K. Tockner, 2000a. Wood storage within the active zone of a large European gravel-bed river. Geomorphology 34: 55-72.
24. Gurnell, A. M., G. M. Petts, N. Harris, J. V. Ward, K. Tockner, P. J. Edwards and J. Kollmann, 2000b. Large wood retention in river channels: The case of the Fiume Tagliamento, Italy. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 25: 255-275.
25. Gurnell, A. M., G. E. Petts, D. M. Hannah, B. P. G. Smith, P. J. Edwards, J. Kollmann, J. V. Ward and K. Tockner, 2001. Island formation along the gravel-bed Fiume Tagliamento, Italy. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 26: 31-62.
26. Heidt, E., V. Framenau, D. Hering and R. Manderbach, 1998. Die Spinnen- und Laufkäferfauna auf ufernahen Schotterbänken von Rhone, Ain (Frankreich) und Tagliamento (Italien) (Arachnida: Araneae; Coleoptera: Carabidae). Entomol. Z. 108: 142-153.
27. Heller, H., 1969. Lebensbedingungen und Abfolge der Flussvegetation in der Schweiz. Mit. Schweiz. Anstalt forstl. Versuchswesen 45: 1-124.
28. Hering, D. and H. Plachter, 1997. Riparian ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) preying on aquatic invertebrates: a feeding strategy in alpine floodplains. Oecologia 111: 261-270.
29. Hormann, K., 1964. Torrenten in Friaul und die Lä ngsprofilentwicklung auf Schottern, Münchner geographische Hefte, Heft 29, München.
30. Hupp, C. R. and W. R. Osterkamp, 1985. Bottomland vegetation distribution along passage creek, Virginia, in relation to fluvial landforms. Ecology 66: 670-681.
31. Junk W. J., P. B. Bayley and R. E. Sparks, 1989. The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 106: 110-127.
32. Klaus, I., C. Baumgartner and K. Tockner, 2001. Die Wildflusslandschaft des Tagliamento (Italien, Friaul) als Lebensraum für eine artenreiche Amphibiengesellschaft. Z. f. Feldherpet. 8: 21-30.
33. Kollmann, J., M. Vieli, P. J. Edwards, K. Tockner and J. V. Ward, 1999. Interactions between vegetation development and island formation in the Alpine river Tagliamento. Appl. Veg. Sci. 2: 25-36.
34. Lippert, W., N. Müller, S. Rossel, T. Schauer and G. Vetter, 1995. Der Tagliamento - Flussmorpholgie und Auenvegetation der grössten Wildflusslandschaft der Alpen. J. Ver. z. Sch. Bergw. 60: 11-700.
35. Lohmeyer, W. and H. Sukopp, 1992. Agriophyten in der Vegetation Mitteleuropas. Schrift. Vegetationskunde 25: 1-185.
36. Malard, F., K. Tockner and J. V. Ward, 1999. Shifting dominance of subcatchment water sources and flow paths in a glacial floodplain, Val Roseg, Switzerland. Arct. Ant. Alp. Res. 31: 135-150.
37. Malanson, G. P., 1993. Riparian landscapes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
38. Maione, U. and G. Machne, 1982. Studio sulla formazione delle piene del Fiume Tagliamento, ECOCONSULT, Milano.
39. Marston, R. A., J. Girel, G. Pautou, H. Piégay, J.-P. Bravard and C. Arneson, 1995, Channel metamorphosis, floodplain disturbance, and vegetation development: Ain River, France. Geomorphology 13: 121-131.
40. Martinet, F. and M. Dubost, 1992. Die letzten naturnahen Alpenflüsse-Versuch eines Inventars, CIPRA, Vaduz, FL.
41. Martinis, B., 1993. Storia geologica del Friul, La Nuova Base Ed., Udine.
42. Meybeck, M., 1996. River water quality: Global ranges, time and space variabilities, proposal for some redefinitions. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 26: 81-96.
43. Moor, M., 1958. Die Pflanzengesellschaften schweizerischer Flussauen. Mitt. Schweiz. Anst. forstl. Versuchsw. 34: 221-360.
44. Mosetti, F., 1983. Sinisti sull'idrologica del Friuli-Venzia Giulia, Quaderni dell'Ente Tutela Pesce del Friuli-Venzia Giulia, Rivista di Limnologia, No 6.
45. Muhar, S., M. Kainz, M. Kaufmann and M. Schwarz, 1998. Erhebung und Bilanzierung flusstypspezifisch erhaltener Fliessgewässerabschnitte in Österreich. Öst. Wasser Abfallwirtschaft 5/6: 119-127.
46. Müller, N., 1995. River dynamics and floodplain vegetation and their alterations due to human impact. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 101: 477-512.
47. Osterkamp, W. R., 1998. Processes of fluvial island formation, with examples from Plum Creek, Colorado and Snake River, Idaho. Wetlands 17: 530-545.
48. Petts, G. E., H. Möller and A. L. Roux, 1989. Historical change of large alluvial rivers: Western Europe, Wiley, Chichester.
49. Plachter, H., 1998. Die Auen alpiner Wildflüsse als Modelle störungsgeprägter ökologischer Systeme. Schf.-R.f. Landschaftspfl. u. Naturschutz 56: 21-66
50. Poldini, L., 1991. Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli-Venzia Giulia, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste.
51. Provincia di Udine, 1997. Mappaggio biologico di qualità dei corsi d'acqua della provincia di Uine, Udine, 104pp.
52. Puckridge, J. T., F. Sheldon, K. F. Walker and A. J. Boulton, 1998. Flow variability and the ecology of large rivers. Mar. Freshw. Res. 49: 55-72.
53. Regione Autonoma Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1982. Mappatura automatica delle risorse idriche regionali, Trieste.
54. Reich, M., 1994. Kies- und schotterreiche Wildflusslandschaften - primäre Lebensräume des Flussregenpfeifers (Charadrius dubius). Vogel u. Umwelt 8: 43-52.
55. Rust, C., 1998. Die ökologische Bedeutung von Inseln und Schotterbänken im Tagliamento (Friaul, Italien) am Beispiel der Laufkäferzönose (Carabidae, Insecta), Diplomarbeit, ETH-Zürich.
56. Schnitzler, A., 1997. River dynamics as a forest process: Interaction between fluvial systems and alluvial forests in large European river plains. The Bot. Rev. 63: 40-64.
57. Sedell, J. R., J. E. Richey and F. J. Swanson, 1989. The river continuum concept: a basis for the expected ecosystem behavior of very large rivers? Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 106: 49-55.
58. Stanley, E. H., S. G. Fisher and N. B. Grimm, 1997. Ecosystem expansion and contraction in streams. BioScience 47: 427-435.
59. Stanford, J. A., J. V. Ward, W. J. Liss, C. A. Frissell, R. N. Williams, J. A. Lichatowitch, and C. C. Coutant, 1996. A general protocol for restoration of regulated rivers. Reg. Riv. 12: 391-413.
60. Stefanini, S., 1982. Le sistemazioni idraulico-forestali nella Carnia (bacino montana del Fiume Tagliamento), Regione Autonoma Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trieste.
61. Steinicke, E., 1991. Friaul. Bevölkerung und Ethnizität, Innsbrucker Geogr. Studien 19. Inst. für Geographie, Univ. Innsbruck.
62. Stoch, F., S. Paradisi and M. B. Dancevich, 1992. Carta Ittica del Friuli-Venezia Giulia, ETP, Udine.
63. Thorp, I. H. and M. D. Delong, 1994. The riverine productivity model: an heuristic view of carbon sources and organic processing in large river ecosystems. Oikos 70: 305-308.
64. Tockner, K., F. Schiemer and J. V. Ward, 1998. Conservation by restoration: the management concept for a river-floodplain system on the Danube River in Austria. Aquat. Conserv. 8: 71-86.
65. Tockner, K. and J. V. Ward, 1999. Biodiversity along riparian corridors. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 115: 293-310.
66. Tockner, K., F. Malard and J. V. Ward, 2000. An extension of the Flood Pulse Concept. Hydrol. Proc. 14: 2861-2883.
67. Tockner, K. and J. A. Stanford, 2002. Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends. Envir. Conserv. 29: 308-330.
68. Tutin, T. G., V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb, 1964-80. Flora Europaea, Vol. 1-5, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
69. Van der Nat, D., A. P. Schmid, K. Tockner, P. J. Edwards and J. V. Ward, 2002. Inundation dynamics in braided floodplains: Tagliamento River, northeast Italy. Ecosystems 5: 636-647.
70. Vannote, R. L., G. W. Minshall, K. W. Cummins, J. R. Sedell and C. E. Cushing, 1980. The river continuum concept. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 130-137.
71. Vieli, M., 1998. Luftbild- und GIS-gestützte Vegetationsuntersuchungen am Tagliamento, Diplomarbeit, Univ. Zürich und ETH-Zürich.
72. Ward, J. V., 1985. Thermal characteristics of running waters. Hydrobiol. 125: 31-46.
73. Ward, J. V., 1998. Riverine landscapes: biodiversity patterns, disturbance regimes, and aquatic conservation. Biol. Cons. 83: 269-278.
74. Ward, J. V. and J. A. Stanford, 1983. The serial discontinuity concept of lotic ecosystems. In: T. D. Fontaine and S. M. Bartell (eds.), Dynamics of lotic ecosystems, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 29-42.
75. Ward, J. V. and J. A. Stanford, 1995. The serial discontinuity concept: extending the model to floodplain rivers. Reg. Riv. 10: 159-168.
76. Ward, J. V. and K. Tockner, 2001. Biodiversity: towards a unifying theme for river ecology. Freshwat. Biol. 46: 807-819.
77. Ward, J. V., K. Tockner and F. Schiemer, 1999a. Biodiversity of flooplain river ecosystems: ecotones and connectivity. Reg. Riv. 15: 125-139.
78. Ward, J. V., K. Tockner, P. J. Edwards, J. Kollmann, G. Bretschko, A. M. Gurnell, G. E. Petts and B. Rossaro, 1999b. A reference system for the Alps: the 'Fiume Tagliamento'. Reg. Riv. 15: 63-75.
79. Ward, J. V., F. Malard, K. Tockner and U. Uehlinger, 1999c. Influence of ground water on surface water conditions in a glacial flood plain of the Swiss Alps. Hydrol. Proc. 13: 277-293.
80. Ward, J. V., K. Tockner, P. J. Edwards, J. Kollmann, G. Bretschko, A. M. Gurnell, G. E. Petts and B. Rossaro, 2000. Potential role of island dynamics in river ecosystems. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. 27: 2582-2585.
81. Ward, J. V., K. Tockner, U. Uehlinger and F. Malard, 2001. Understanding natural patterns and processes in river corridors as the basis for effective river restoration. Reg. Riv. 17: 311-323.
82. Wintersberger, H., 1996. Spatial resource utilisation and species assemblages of larval and juvenile fish. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 115: 29-44.