메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 990, Issue 1-2, 2003, Pages 77-86

Evidence that nitric oxide-glutamate cascade modulates spinal antinociceptive effect of morphine: A behavioural and microdialysis study in rats

Author keywords

Antinociception; Glutamate; Intrathecal injection; L NAME; Morphine; Nitric oxide; Spinal cord

Indexed keywords

FORMALDEHYDE; GLUTAMIC ACID; MORPHINE; N(G) NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR;

EID: 0141918795     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(03)03440-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0023200698 scopus 로고
    • Nociceptive action of excitatory amino acids in the mouse: Effects of spinally administered opioids, phencyclidine and sigma agonists
    • Aanonsen L.M., Wilcox G.L. Nociceptive action of excitatory amino acids in the mouse: effects of spinally administered opioids, phencyclidine and sigma agonists. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 243:1987;9-19.
    • (1987) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.243 , pp. 9-19
    • Aanonsen, L.M.1    Wilcox, G.L.2
  • 2
    • 0025782265 scopus 로고
    • Localization of NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons in sensory ganglia of the rat
    • Aimi Y., Fujimura M., Vincent S.R., Kimura H. Localization of NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons in sensory ganglia of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 306:1991;382-392.
    • (1991) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.306 , pp. 382-392
    • Aimi, Y.1    Fujimura, M.2    Vincent, S.R.3    Kimura, H.4
  • 3
    • 0028073388 scopus 로고
    • Effect of opioid receptor agonists on nitric oxide synthase activity in rat cerebral cortex homogenate
    • Barjavel M.J., Bhargava H.N. Effect of opioid receptor agonists on nitric oxide synthase activity in rat cerebral cortex homogenate. Neurosci. Lett. 181:1994;27-30.
    • (1994) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.181 , pp. 27-30
    • Barjavel, M.J.1    Bhargava, H.N.2
  • 4
    • 0026570890 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide, a novel neuronal messenger
    • Bredt D.S., Snyder S.H. Nitric oxide, a novel neuronal messenger. Neuron. 8:1992;3-11.
    • (1992) Neuron , vol.8 , pp. 3-11
    • Bredt, D.S.1    Snyder, S.H.2
  • 5
    • 0025941639 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide protein and mRNA are discretely localized in neuronal populations of the mammalian CNS together with NADPH-diaphorase
    • Bredt D.S., Glatt C.E., Hwang P.M., Fotuhi M., Dawson T.M., Snyder S.H. Nitric oxide protein and mRNA are discretely localized in neuronal populations of the mammalian CNS together with NADPH-diaphorase. Neuron. 7:1991;615-624.
    • (1991) Neuron , vol.7 , pp. 615-624
    • Bredt, D.S.1    Glatt, C.E.2    Hwang, P.M.3    Fotuhi, M.4    Dawson, T.M.5    Snyder, S.H.6
  • 6
    • 0014266142 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the acute inflammatory response. I. Involvement of the central nervous system in certain models of inflammation
    • Brown J.H., Kissel J.W., Lish P.M. Studies on the acute inflammatory response. I. Involvement of the central nervous system in certain models of inflammation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 160:1968;231-242.
    • (1968) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.160 , pp. 231-242
    • Brown, J.H.1    Kissel, J.W.2    Lish, P.M.3
  • 7
    • 0021215525 scopus 로고
    • The behavioural effects of an N-methylaspartate receptor antagonist following application to the lumbar spinal cord of conscious rats
    • Cahusac P.M.B., Evans R.H., Hill R.G., Rodriquez R.E., Smith D.A.S. The behavioural effects of an N-methylaspartate receptor antagonist following application to the lumbar spinal cord of conscious rats. Neuropharmacology. 23:1984;719-724.
    • (1984) Neuropharmacology , vol.23 , pp. 719-724
    • Cahusac, P.M.B.1    Evans, R.H.2    Hill, R.G.3    Rodriquez, R.E.4    Smith, D.A.S.5
  • 8
    • 0026640290 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of excitatory amino acids to central sensitization and persistent nociception after formalin-induced tissue injury
    • Coderre T.J., Melzack R. The contribution of excitatory amino acids to central sensitization and persistent nociception after formalin-induced tissue injury. J. Neurosci. 12:1992;3665-3670.
    • (1992) J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 3665-3670
    • Coderre, T.J.1    Melzack, R.2
  • 9
    • 0027956122 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular messengers contributing to persistent nociception and hyperalgesia induced by L-glutamate and substance P in the rat formalin pain model
    • Coderre T.J., Yashpal K. Intracellular messengers contributing to persistent nociception and hyperalgesia induced by L-glutamate and substance P in the rat formalin pain model. J. Neurosci. 6:1994;1328-1334.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 1328-1334
    • Coderre, T.J.1    Yashpal, K.2
  • 10
    • 0023501963 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral origins and central modulation of subcutaneous formalin-induced activity of rat dorsal horn neurones
    • Dickenson A.H., Sullivan A.F. Peripheral origins and central modulation of subcutaneous formalin-induced activity of rat dorsal horn neurones. Neurosci. Lett. 183:1987;207-211.
    • (1987) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.183 , pp. 207-211
    • Dickenson, A.H.1    Sullivan, A.F.2
  • 11
    • 0023553720 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous formalin-induced activity of dorsal horn neurones in the rat: Differential response to an intrathecal opiate administered pre or post formalin
    • Dickenson A.H., Sullivan A.F. Subcutaneous formalin-induced activity of dorsal horn neurones in the rat: differential response to an intrathecal opiate administered pre or post formalin. Pain. 30:1987;349-360.
    • (1987) Pain , vol.30 , pp. 349-360
    • Dickenson, A.H.1    Sullivan, A.F.2
  • 12
    • 0017643233 scopus 로고
    • The formalin test: A quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats
    • Dubuisson D., Dennis S.G. The formalin test: a quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats. Pain. 4:1977;161-174.
    • (1977) Pain , vol.4 , pp. 161-174
    • Dubuisson, D.1    Dennis, S.G.2
  • 13
    • 0026467026 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in rat spinal cord
    • Dun N.J., Dun S.L., Forstmann U., Tseng L.F. Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in rat spinal cord. Neurosci. Lett. 147:1992;217-220.
    • (1992) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.147 , pp. 217-220
    • Dun, N.J.1    Dun, S.L.2    Forstmann, U.3    Tseng, L.F.4
  • 14
    • 0028818035 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase: Expression and expressional control of the three isoforms
    • Forstermann U., Kleinert H. Nitric oxide synthase: expression and expressional control of the three isoforms. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 352:1995;351-364.
    • (1995) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. , vol.352 , pp. 351-364
    • Forstermann, U.1    Kleinert, H.2
  • 15
    • 0026077959 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate, nitric oxide and cell-cell signalling in the nervous system
    • Garthwaite J. Glutamate, nitric oxide and cell-cell signalling in the nervous system. Trends Neurosci. 14:1991;60-67.
    • (1991) Trends Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 60-67
    • Garthwaite, J.1
  • 16
    • 0024296032 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intracellular messenger in the brain
    • Garthwaite J., Charles S.L., Chess-Willams R. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intracellular messenger in the brain. Nature. 326:1988;385-387.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 385-387
    • Garthwaite, J.1    Charles, S.L.2    Chess-Willams, R.3
  • 17
    • 0025307284 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor involvement in prolonged chemical nociception in the rat
    • Haley J.E., Sullivan A.F., Dickenson A.H. Evidence for spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor involvement in prolonged chemical nociception in the rat. Brain Res. 518:1990;218-226.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.518 , pp. 218-226
    • Haley, J.E.1    Sullivan, A.F.2    Dickenson, A.H.3
  • 18
    • 0026590985 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological evidence for a role of nitric oxide in prolonged chemical nociception in the rat
    • Haley J.E., Dickenson A.H., Schachter M. Electrophysiological evidence for a role of nitric oxide in prolonged chemical nociception in the rat. Neuropharmacology. 31:1992;251-258.
    • (1992) Neuropharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 251-258
    • Haley, J.E.1    Dickenson, A.H.2    Schachter, M.3
  • 19
    • 0023223448 scopus 로고
    • Formalin test in mice: Dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain
    • Hunskaar S., Hole K. Formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain. Pain. 30:1987;103-114.
    • (1987) Pain , vol.30 , pp. 103-114
    • Hunskaar, S.1    Hole, K.2
  • 20
    • 78651005974 scopus 로고
    • The effect of morphine, methadone and meperidine on some reflex responses of spinal animals to nociceptive stimulation
    • Irwin S., Houde R.W., Bennett D.R., Hendershot L.C., Seevers M.H. The effect of morphine, methadone and meperidine on some reflex responses of spinal animals to nociceptive stimulation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 10:1951;132-143.
    • (1951) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.10 , pp. 132-143
    • Irwin, S.1    Houde, R.W.2    Bennett, D.R.3    Hendershot, L.C.4    Seevers, M.H.5
  • 21
    • 0025832268 scopus 로고
    • Outflow of endogenous aspartate and glutamate from the rat spinal dorsal horn in vitro by activation of low- and high-threshold primary afferent fibres. Modulation of μ opioids
    • Kangra I., Randic M. Outflow of endogenous aspartate and glutamate from the rat spinal dorsal horn in vitro by activation of low- and high-threshold primary afferent fibres. Modulation of μ opioids. Brain Res. 553:1991;347-352.
    • (1991) Brain Res. , vol.553 , pp. 347-352
    • Kangra, I.1    Randic, M.2
  • 22
    • 0026739958 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of nitric oxide in spinally mediated hyperalgesia in the mouse
    • Kitto K.F., Haley J.E., Wilcox G.L. Involvement of nitric oxide in spinally mediated hyperalgesia in the mouse. Neurosci. Lett. 148:1992;1-5.
    • (1992) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.148 , pp. 1-5
    • Kitto, K.F.1    Haley, J.E.2    Wilcox, G.L.3
  • 23
    • 24444436724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High performance liquid chromatographic determination of subpicomole amounts of amino acids by precolumn fluorescence derivatization with o-phtaldialdehyde
    • Lindoth P., Mopper K. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of subpicomole amounts of amino acids by precolumn fluorescence derivatization with o-phtaldialdehyde. Anal. Chem. 51:1997;1667-1674.
    • (1997) Anal. Chem. , vol.51 , pp. 1667-1674
    • Lindoth, P.1    Mopper, K.2
  • 24
    • 84951384024 scopus 로고
    • A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments
    • Litchfield J.T., Wilcoxon F.A. A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 96:1949;99-113.
    • (1949) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.96 , pp. 99-113
    • Litchfield, J.T.1    Wilcoxon, F.A.2
  • 25
    • 0024410217 scopus 로고
    • Attempts to gauge the relative importance of pre- and postsynaptic effects of morphine on the transmission of noxious messages in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord
    • Lombard M.C., Besson J.M. Attempts to gauge the relative importance of pre- and postsynaptic effects of morphine on the transmission of noxious messages in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Pain. 37:1989;335-345.
    • (1989) Pain , vol.37 , pp. 335-345
    • Lombard, M.C.1    Besson, J.M.2
  • 26
    • 0030802505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enhances antinociception mediated by mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors in acute and prolonged pain in rat spinal cord
    • Machelska H., Labuz D., Przewlocki R., Przewlocka B. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enhances antinociception mediated by mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors in acute and prolonged pain in rat spinal cord. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 282:1997;977-984.
    • (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.282 , pp. 977-984
    • Machelska, H.1    Labuz, D.2    Przewlocki, R.3    Przewlocka, B.4
  • 27
    • 0027239945 scopus 로고
    • Spinal nitric oxide synthesis inhibition blocks NMDA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and produces antinociception in the formalin test in rats
    • Malmberg A.B., Yaksh T.L. Spinal nitric oxide synthesis inhibition blocks NMDA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and produces antinociception in the formalin test in rats. Pain. 54:1993;291-300.
    • (1993) Pain , vol.54 , pp. 291-300
    • Malmberg, A.B.1    Yaksh, T.L.2
  • 29
    • 0028892707 scopus 로고
    • The spinal loop dialysis catheter: Characterization of use in the unanesthetized rat
    • Marsala M., Malmberg A.B., Yaksh T.L. The spinal loop dialysis catheter: characterization of use in the unanesthetized rat. J. Neurosci. Methods. 62:1995;43-53.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.62 , pp. 43-53
    • Marsala, M.1    Malmberg, A.B.2    Yaksh, T.L.3
  • 30
    • 0027502194 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide (NO) and nociceptive processing in the spinal cord
    • Meller S.T., Gebhart G.F. Nitric oxide (NO) and nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. Pain. 52:1993;127-136.
    • (1993) Pain , vol.52 , pp. 127-136
    • Meller, S.T.1    Gebhart, G.F.2
  • 31
    • 0026559148 scopus 로고
    • Production of endogenous nitric oxide and activation of soluble guanylate cyclase are required for N-methyl-D-aspartate-produced facilitation of the nociceptive tailflick reflex
    • Meller S.T., Dykstra C., Gebhart G.F. Production of endogenous nitric oxide and activation of soluble guanylate cyclase are required for N-methyl-D-aspartate-produced facilitation of the nociceptive tailflick reflex. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 214:1992;93-96.
    • (1992) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.214 , pp. 93-96
    • Meller, S.T.1    Dykstra, C.2    Gebhart, G.F.3
  • 32
    • 0026726106 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide mediates the thermal hyperalgesia produced in a model of neuropathic pain in the rat
    • Meller S.T., Pechman P.S., Gebhart G.F., Maves T.J. Nitric oxide mediates the thermal hyperalgesia produced in a model of neuropathic pain in the rat. Neuroscience. 50:1992;7-10.
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.50 , pp. 7-10
    • Meller, S.T.1    Pechman, P.S.2    Gebhart, G.F.3    Maves, T.J.4
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0028314083 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of L-thiocitrullin, L-homocitrulline, and S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline: A new class of potent nitric oxide synthase inhibitiors
    • Narayanan K., Griffith O.W. Synthesis of L-thiocitrullin, L-homocitrulline, and S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline: a new class of potent nitric oxide synthase inhibitiors. J. Med. Chem. 37:1994;885-887.
    • (1994) J. Med. Chem. , vol.37 , pp. 885-887
    • Narayanan, K.1    Griffith, O.W.2
  • 35
    • 0035063934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of nociceptive responses and spinal releases of nitric oxide metabolites and glutamate evoked by different concentrations of formalin in rats
    • Okuda K., Sakurada C., Takahashi M., Yamada T., Sakurada T. Characterization of nociceptive responses and spinal releases of nitric oxide metabolites and glutamate evoked by different concentrations of formalin in rats. Pain. 92:2001;107-115.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.92 , pp. 107-115
    • Okuda, K.1    Sakurada, C.2    Takahashi, M.3    Yamada, T.4    Sakurada, T.5
  • 36
    • 0027429186 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal aspects of spinal cord and brainstem activation in the formalin pain model
    • Porro C.A., Cavazzuti M. Spatial and temporal aspects of spinal cord and brainstem activation in the formalin pain model. Prog. Neurobiol. 41:1993;565-607.
    • (1993) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.41 , pp. 565-607
    • Porro, C.A.1    Cavazzuti, M.2
  • 37
    • 0027193816 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enhances morphine antinociception in the rat spinal cord
    • Przewlocki R., Machelska H., Przewlocka B. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enhances morphine antinociception in the rat spinal cord. Life Sci. 53:1993;PL1-PL5.
    • (1993) Life Sci. , vol.53
    • Przewlocki, R.1    Machelska, H.2    Przewlocka, B.3
  • 38
    • 0029923562 scopus 로고
    • Formalin-evoked activity in identified primary afferent fibers: Systemic lidocaine suppresses phase-2 activity
    • Puig S., Sorkin L.S. Formalin-evoked activity in identified primary afferent fibers: systemic lidocaine suppresses phase-2 activity. Pain. 64:1995;345-355.
    • (1995) Pain , vol.64 , pp. 345-355
    • Puig, S.1    Sorkin, L.S.2
  • 39
    • 0027481701 scopus 로고
    • L-NAME blocks responses to NMDA, substance P and noxious cutaneous stimuli in cat dorsal horn
    • Radhakrishnan V., Henry J.L. L-NAME blocks responses to NMDA, substance P and noxious cutaneous stimuli in cat dorsal horn. NeuroReport. 4:1993;323-326.
    • (1993) NeuroReport , vol.4 , pp. 323-326
    • Radhakrishnan, V.1    Henry, J.L.2
  • 40
    • 0025127403 scopus 로고
    • The formalin test in mice: Effect of formalin concentration
    • Rosland J.H., Tjolsen A., Mahle B., Hole K. The formalin test in mice: effect of formalin concentration. Pain. 42:1990;235-242.
    • (1990) Pain , vol.42 , pp. 235-242
    • Rosland, J.H.1    Tjolsen, A.2    Mahle, B.3    Hole, K.4
  • 41
    • 0025184549 scopus 로고
    • The effects of substance P analogues on the scratching, biting and licking response induced by intrathecal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate in mice
    • Sakurada T., Manome Y., Tan-No K., Sakurada S., Kisara K. The effects of substance P analogues on the scratching, biting and licking response induced by intrathecal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 101:1990;307-310.
    • (1990) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.101 , pp. 307-310
    • Sakurada, T.1    Manome, Y.2    Tan-No, K.3    Sakurada, S.4    Kisara, K.5
  • 44
    • 0035105760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antinociceptive effect of spinally injected L-NAME on the acute nociceptive response induced by low concentrations of formalin
    • Sakurada C., Sugiyama A., Nakayama M., Yonezawa A., Sakurada S., Tan-No K., Kisara K., Sakurada T. Antinociceptive effect of spinally injected L-NAME on the acute nociceptive response induced by low concentrations of formalin. Neurochem. Int. 38:2001;417-423.
    • (2001) Neurochem. Int. , vol.38 , pp. 417-423
    • Sakurada, C.1    Sugiyama, A.2    Nakayama, M.3    Yonezawa, A.4    Sakurada, S.5    Tan-No, K.6    Kisara, K.7    Sakurada, T.8
  • 45
    • 0026705314 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of neural nitric oxide synthase in the rat suggests frequent co-localization with NADPH diaphorase but not with soluble guanylyl cyclase, and novel paraneural functions for nitrinergic signal transduction
    • Schmidt H.H.H.W., Gagne G.D., Nakane M., Pollock J.S., Miller M.F., Murad F. Mapping of neural nitric oxide synthase in the rat suggests frequent co-localization with NADPH diaphorase but not with soluble guanylyl cyclase, and novel paraneural functions for nitrinergic signal transduction. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 40:1992;1439-1456.
    • (1992) J. Histochem. Cytochem. , vol.40 , pp. 1439-1456
    • Schmidt, H.H.H.W.1    Gagne, G.D.2    Nakane, M.3    Pollock, J.S.4    Miller, M.F.5    Murad, F.6
  • 46
    • 0023926740 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular amino acid concentrations in the dorsal spinal cord of freely moving rats following veratridine and nociceptive stimulation
    • Skilling S.R., Smullin D.H., Beits A.Z., Larson A.A. Extracellular amino acid concentrations in the dorsal spinal cord of freely moving rats following veratridine and nociceptive stimulation. J. Neurochem. 51:1988;127-132.
    • (1988) J. Neurochem. , vol.51 , pp. 127-132
    • Skilling, S.R.1    Smullin, D.H.2    Beits, A.Z.3    Larson, A.A.4
  • 47
    • 0027154042 scopus 로고
    • NMDA evokes an L-NAME sensitive spinal release of glutamate and citrulline
    • Sorkin L.S. NMDA evokes an L-NAME sensitive spinal release of glutamate and citrulline. NeuroReport. 4:1993;479-482.
    • (1993) NeuroReport , vol.4 , pp. 479-482
    • Sorkin, L.S.1
  • 48
    • 0027203759 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemistry of nitric oxide synthase demonstrates immunoreactive neurons in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of man and rat
    • Terenghi G., Riveros-Moreno V., Hudson L.D., Ibrahim N.B.N., Polak J.M. Immunohistochemistry of nitric oxide synthase demonstrates immunoreactive neurons in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of man and rat. J. Neurol. Sci. 118:1993;34-37.
    • (1993) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.118 , pp. 34-37
    • Terenghi, G.1    Riveros-Moreno, V.2    Hudson, L.D.3    Ibrahim, N.B.N.4    Polak, J.M.5
  • 51
    • 0025014877 scopus 로고
    • The rat paw formalin test: Comparison of noxious agents
    • Wheeler-Aceto H., Porreca F., Cowan A. The rat paw formalin test: comparison of noxious agents. Pain. 40:1990;229-238.
    • (1990) Pain , vol.40 , pp. 229-238
    • Wheeler-Aceto, H.1    Porreca, F.2    Cowan, A.3
  • 52
    • 0029044833 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate system in the spinal cord differentially modulates intracerebroventricularly administered morphine- and β-endorphin- induced antinociception in the mouse
    • Xu J.Y., Tseng L.F. Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate system in the spinal cord differentially modulates intracerebroventricularly administered morphine- and β-endorphin- induced antinociception in the mouse. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 274:1995;8-16.
    • (1995) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.274 , pp. 8-16
    • Xu, J.Y.1    Tseng, L.F.2
  • 53
    • 0019314381 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal morphine inhibits substance P release from mammalian spinal cord in vivo
    • Yaksh T.L., Jesell T.M., Gamse R., Leeman S.E. Intrathecal morphine inhibits substance P release from mammalian spinal cord in vivo. Nature. 286:1980;155-156.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 155-156
    • Yaksh, T.L.1    Jesell, T.M.2    Gamse, R.3    Leeman, S.E.4
  • 54
    • 0029831305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ω nitro L-arginine methyl ester on thermal nociceptive tests in the rats
    • ω nitro L-arginine methyl ester on thermal nociceptive tests in the rats. Can. J. Anaesth. 43:1996;975-981.
    • (1996) Can. J. Anaesth. , vol.43 , pp. 975-981
    • Yamaguchi, H.1    Naito, H.2
  • 55
    • 0029034414 scopus 로고
    • Role of nitric oxide in the development of thermal hyperesthesia induced by sciatic nerve constriction injury in the rat
    • Yamamoto T., Shimoyama N. Role of nitric oxide in the development of thermal hyperesthesia induced by sciatic nerve constriction injury in the rat. Anesthesiology. 82:1995;1266-1273.
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.82 , pp. 1266-1273
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Shimoyama, N.2
  • 56
    • 0026629818 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the antinociceptive effects of pre- and post-treatment with intrathecal morphine and MK-801, an NMDA antagonist, on the formalin test in the rat
    • Yamamoto T., Yaksh T.L. Comparison of the antinociceptive effects of pre- and post-treatment with intrathecal morphine and MK-801, an NMDA antagonist, on the formalin test in the rat. Anesthesiology. 77:1992;757-776.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77 , pp. 757-776
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Yaksh, T.L.2
  • 57
    • 0027425899 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocks spinal sensitization induced by formalin injection into the rat paw
    • Yamamoto T., Shimoyama N., Mizuguchi T. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocks spinal sensitization induced by formalin injection into the rat paw. Anesth. Analg. 77:1993;886-890.
    • (1993) Anesth. Analg. , vol.77 , pp. 886-890
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Shimoyama, N.2    Mizuguchi, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.