Inferring Vulnerability to Introduced Predators without Experimental Demonstration: Case Study of Suter's Skink in New Zealand

Conservation Biology

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 1361-1371

  Towns, David R ^a   Parrish, G Richard ^a   Westbrooke, Ian ^a  

^a DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTRODUCED SPECIES; LIZARD; PREDATOR; VULNERABILITY;

NEW ZEALAND;

OLIGOSOMA SUTERI; POTATO VIRUS A; RATTUS EXULANS; SCINCIDAE; SQUAMATA;

EID: 0141907877     PISSN: 08888892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02175.x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Atkinson, I. A. E. 1964. The flora, vegetation, and soils of Middle and Green Islands, Mercury Islands Group. New Zealand Journal of Botany 2:385-402.
2. Atkinson, I. A. E. 1968. An ecological reconnaissance of Coppermine Island, Hen and Chickens Group. New Zealand Journal of Botany 6: 284-294.
3. Atkinson, I. A. E., and H. Moller. 1990. Kiore. Pages 175-192 in C. M. King, editor. The handbook of New Zealand mammals. Oxford University Press, Auckland, New Zealand.
4. Atkinson, I. A. E., and R. H. Taylor. 1992. Distribution of alien animals on New Zealand islands (2nd edition). Contract report 92/59. DSIR Land Resources, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
5. Atkinson, I. A. E., and D. R. Towns. 2001. Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990-2000: Pacific rat. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31:99-109.
6. Case, T. J., and D. T. Bolger. 1991. The role of introduced species in shaping the distribution and abundance of island reptiles. Evolutionary Ecology 5:272-290.
7. Caughley, G., and A. Gunn. 1996. Conservation biology in theory and practice. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
8. Craig, J. L. 1986. The effects of kiore on other fauna. Pages 75-83 in A. E. Wright and R. E. Beever, editors. The offshore islands of northern New Zealand. Information series 16. Department of Lands and Survey, Wellington, New Zealand.
9. Frankham, R. 1998. Inbreeding and extinction: island populations. Conservation Biology 12:665-675.
10. Fritts, T. H., and G. H. Rodda. 1998. The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: a case history of Guam. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Sytematics 29:113-140.
11. Gill, B. J., and A. H. Whitaker. 1996. New Zealand frogs and reptiles. David Bateman, Auckland, New Zealand.
12. Howe, R. W., G. J. Davis, and V. Mosca. 1991. The demographic significance of 'sink' populations. Biological Conservation 57:239-255.
13. King, C. M. 1984. Immigrant killers. Oxford University Press, Auckland, New Zealand.
14. Lacy, R. C. 1993. VORTEX: a computer simulation model for population viability analysis. Wildlife Research 20:45-65.
15. MacDonald, I. A. W., and J. Cooper. 1995. Insular lessons for global biodiversity conservation with particular reference to alien invasions. Pages 189-203 in P. M. Vitousek, L. L. Loope, and H. Adsersen, editors. Islands biological diversity and ecosystem function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
16. McCallum, J. 1986. Evidence of predation by kiore upon lizards from the Mokohinau Islands. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 9:83-87.
17. Mack, R. N., D. Simberloff, W. M. Lonsdale, H. Evans, M. Clout, and F. A. Bazzaz. 2000. Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological Applications 10:689-710.
18. Manly, B. F. J. 1997. Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology. Chapman Hall, London.
19. McFadden, I., and D. R. Towns. 1991. Eradication campaigns against kiore (Rattus exulans) on Rurima Rocks and Korapuki Island, northern New Zealand. Science and Research internal report 97. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
20. Moore, P. R. 1984. Mineral exploration on Coppermine Island 1849-1969: an historical review. Tane 30:165-175.
21. Newman, D. G. 1986. Can tuatara and mice co-exist? The status of tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus (Reptilia: Rhynchocephalia), on the Whangamata Islands. Pages 179-185 in A. E. Wright and R. E. Beever, editors. The offshore islands of northern New Zealand. Information series 16. Department of Lands and Survey, Wellington, New Zealand.
22. Newman, D. G., and D. R. Towns. 1985. A survey of the herpetofauna of the northern and southern blocks, Great Barrier Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 15:279-287.
23. Paulay, G. 1994. Biodiversity on oceanic islands: its origin and extinction. American Zoologist 34:134-144.
24. Petren, K., and T. J. Case. 1996. An experimental demonstration of exploitation competition in an ongoing invasion. Ecology 77: 118-132.
25. Robb, J. 1986. New Zealand amphibians and reptiles in colour. 2nd edition. Collins, Auckland, New Zealand.
26. Sinclair, A. R. E., R. P. Pech, C. R. Dickman, D. Hik, P. Mahon, and A. E. Newsome. 1998. Predicting effects of predation on conservation of endangered prey. Conservation Biology 12:564-575.
27. Steadman, D. W. 1997. Human-caused extinction of birds. Pages 139-161 in M. L. Reka-Kudla, D. E. Wilson and E. O. Wilson, editors. Biodiversity II. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C.
28. Towns, D. R. 1975a. Ecology of the black shore skink, Leioloptsma suteri (Lacertilia: Scincidae), in boulder beach habitats. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2:389-407.
29. Towns, D. R. 1975b. Reproduction and growth of the black shore skink, Leiolopisma suteri (Lacertilia: Scincidae), in northeastern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2:409-423.
30. Towns, D. R. 1988. Rodent eradication from islands: the conservation potential. Forest and Bird 19:32-33.
31. Towns, D. R. 1991. Response of lizard assemblages in the Mercury Islands, New Zealand, to removal of an introduced rodent: the kiore (Rattus exulans). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 21:119-136.
32. Towns, D. R. 1994. The role of ecological restoration in conservation of Whitaker's skink (Cyclodina whitakeri), a rare New Zealand lizard (Lacertilia: Scincidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21: 457-471.
33. Towns, D. R. 1996. Changes in habitat use by lizards on a New Zealand island following removal of the introduced Pacific rat Rattus exulans. Pacific Conservation Biology 2:286-292.
34. Towns, D. R., and S. M. Ferreira. 2001. Conservation of New Zealand lizards (Lacertilia: Scincidae) by translocation of small populations. Biological Conservation 98:211-222.
35. Towns, D. R., D. Simberloff, and I. A. E. Atkinson. 1997. Restoration of New Zealand islands: redressing the effects of introduced species. Pacific Conservation Biology 3:99-124.
36. Towns, D. R., C. H. Daugherty, and A. Cree. 2001. Raising the prospects for a forgotten fauna: a review of ten years of conservation effort for New Zealand reptiles. Biological Conservation 99:3-16.
37. Towns, D. R., K. A. Neilson, and A. H. Whitaker. 2002. North Island Oligosoma spp. skink recovery plan 2002-2012. Threatened species recovery plan 48. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
38. Tyrrell, C. L., A. Cree, and D. R. Towns. 2000. Variation in reproduction and condition of northern tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus punctatus) in the presence and absence of kiore. Science for conservation 153. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
39. Veitch, C. R. 1995. Habitat repair: a necessary prerequisite to translocation of threatened birds. Pages 97-104 in M. Serena, editor. Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales, Australia.
40. Vitousek, P. M. 1988. Diversity and biological invasions of oceanic islands. Pages 181-189 in E. O. Wilson and F. M. Peter, editors. Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
41. Veltman, C. J. 1996. Investigating causes of population decline in New Zealand plants and animals: introduction to a symposium. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 20:1-5.
42. Westbrooke, I., and L. Jones. 2002. Imputation of Mãori descent for electoral calculations in New Zealand. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics 44:257-265.
43. Whitaker, A. H. 1968a. Leiolopisma suteri (Boulenger), an oviparous skink in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science 11: 425-432.
44. Whitaker, A. H. 1968b. The lizards of the Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science 11:623-651.
45. Whitaker, A. H. 1973. Lizard populations on islands with and without Polynesian rats, Rattus exulans (Peale). Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society 20:121-130.
46. Whitaker, A. H. 1978. The effects of rodents on reptiles and amphibians. Pages 75-86 in P. R. Dingwall, I. A. E. Atkinson, and C. Hay, editors. The ecology and control of rodents in New Zealand nature reserves. Information Series 4. Department of Lands and Survey, Wellington, New Zealand.
47. Wolf, G. M., B. Griffith, C. Reed, and S. A. Temple. 1996. Avian and mammalian translocations: update and reanalysis of 1987 survey data. Conservation Biology 10:1142-1154.
48. World Conservation Union. 2000. IUCN guidelines for the prevention of biodiversity loss caused by alien invasive species. SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. Available from http:// www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/pubs/policy/invasivesEng.htm (accessed March 2002).