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3 with 6 mol % PPFA in 0.50 mL of toluene under argon with addition of aryl bromide (1.0 equiv) and then amine (1.2 equiv), followed by NaOt-Bu (1.5 equiv). The system was degassed and back-filled with argon. In the conventional method, the reaction mixture was stirred in an oil bath at 120°C for a maximum time of 24 h, and most reactions proceeded to completion (consumption of aryl bromide) in this period. Microwave reactions were carried out in a Personal Chemistry Emrys Optimizer model microwave reactor. Typical reactions were run using 150 W of power for the initial 250-400 s until the temperature reached 120°C as measured with an IR probe, and this temperature was then maintained using approximately 100 W of power until the final experiment time reached 900 sec. In each method, after completion of the reaction time, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered. The volatiles were removed by rotary evaporation, and the resulting residue was purified using standard silica gel flash chromatography with hexanes/EtOAc as eluents.
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