Revisiting the contribution of larval characters to an analysis of phylogenetic relationships of basal anurans

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

Volumn 139, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 129-155

  Pugener, L Analía ^a   Maglia, Anne M ^a   Trueb, Linda ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Amphibian; Anura; Larvae; Osteology; Phylogeny

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIA; ANURA; NEOBATRACHIA; PELOBATOIDEA; PIPOIDEA;

EID: 0141819289     PISSN: 00244082     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00075.x     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Altig R, McDiarmid RW. 1999. Body plan. Development and morphology. In: McDiarmid RW, Altig R, eds. Tadpoles. The biology of anuran larvae. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 24-51.
2. Báez AM, Basso NG. 1996. The earliest known frogs of the Jurassic of South America: review and cladistic appraisal of their relationships. In: Arratia G, ed. Contributions of southern South America to vertebrate paleontology. München: Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe A. Geologie und Paläontologie, 131-158.
3. Báez AM, Púgener LA. 1998. A new Paleogene pipid frog from northwestern Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 511-524.
4. Báez AM, Trueb L. 1997. Redescription of the Paleogene Shelania pascuali from Patagonia and its bearing on the relationships of fossil and Recent pipoid frogs. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas 4: 1-41.
5. de Beer GR. 1937. The development of the vertebrate skull. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. Bremer K. 1988. The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogeny reconstruction. Evolution 42: 795-803.
7. Bremer K. 1994. Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 10: 295-304.
8. Cannatella DC. 1985. A phylogeny of primitive frogs (Archaeobatrachians). Lawrence: University of Kansas.
9. Cannatella DC. 1999. Architecture. Cranial and axial musculoskeleton. In: McDiarmid RW, Altig R, eds. Tadpoles. The biology of anuran larvae. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 52-91.
10. Cannatella DC, de Sá RO. 1993. Xenopus laevis as a model organism. Systematic Biology 42: 476-507.
11. Cannatella DC, Hillis DM. 1993. Amphibian relationships: phylogenetic analysis of morphology and molecules. Herpetological Monographs 7: 1-7.
12. Cannatella DC, Trueb L. 1988. Evolution of pipoid frogs: intergeneric relationships of the aquatic frog family Pipidae (Anura). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 94: 1-38.
13. Dingerkus G, Uhler LD. 1977. Enzyme clearing of alcian blue stained whole small vertebrates for demonstration of cartilage. Stain Technology 52: 229-232.
14. Duellman WE. 1975. On the classification of frogs. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 42: 1-14.
15. Duellman WE, Trueb L. 1986. Biology of amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill.
16. Estes R. 1975a. Fossil Xenopus from the Paleocene of South America and the zoogeography of pipid frogs. Herpetologica 31: 263-278.
17. Estes R. 1975b. Xenopus from the Palaeocene of Brazil and its zoogeographic importance. Nature 254: 48-50.
18. Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791.
19. Ford LS. 1989. The phylogenetic position of poison-dart frogs (Dendrobatidae): Reassessment of the neobatrachian phylogeny with commentary on complex character systems. Lawrence: The University of Kansas.
20. Ford LS, Cannatella DC. 1993. The major clades of frogs. Herpetological Monographs 7: 94-117.
21. Frost DR. 2002. Amphibian Species of the World V2.21 Database. New York: American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/cgi-bin/herpetology/amphibia_tree.
22. Gaupp E. 1896. Anatomie des Frosches. Erste Abtheilung. Lehre vom Skelet und vom Muskelsystem. Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn.
23. Gosner KL. 1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16: 183-190.
24. Gradwell N. 1971. Xenopus tadpole: on the water pumping mechanism. Herpetologica 27: 107-123.
25. Green DM. 1986. Systematics and evolution of western North American frogs allied to Rana aurora and Rana boylii: electrophoretic evidence. Systematic Zoology 335: 283-296.
26. Griffiths I. 1963. The phylogeny of the Salientia. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 38: 241-292.
27. Griffiths I, de Carvalho AL. 1965. On the validity of employing larval characters as major phyletic indices in Amphibia Salientia. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 25: 113-121.
28. Haas A. 1995. Cranial features of dendrobatid larvae (Amphibia: Anura: Dendrobatidae). Journal of Morphology 224: 241-264.
29. Haas A. 1997. The larval hyobranchial apparatus of discoglossoid frogs: its structure and bearing on the systematics of the Anura (Amphibia: Anura). Journal of Zoological, Systematic, and Evolutionary Research 35: 179-197.
30. Haas A. 2001. Mandibular arch musculature of anuran tadpoles, with comments on homologies of amphibian jaw muscles. Journal of Morphology 247: 1-33.
31. Hall JA, Larsen JH. 1998. Postembryonic ontogeny of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatoidea): skeletal morphology. Journal of Morphology 238: 179-244.
32. Hay JM, Ruvinsky I, Hedges SB, Maxson LR. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of amphibian families inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 12: 928-937.
33. Hecht MK. 1963. A reevaluation of the early history of the frogs. Part II. Systematic Zoology 12: 20-35.
34. Hedges SB, Maxson LR. 1993. A molecular perspective on lissamphibian phylogeny. Herpetological Monographs 7: 27-42.
35. Hillis DM. 1991. The phylogeny of amphibians: current knowledge and the role of cytogenetics. In: Green DM, Sessions SK, eds. Amphibian cytogenetics and evolution. San Diego: Academic Press, 7-31.
36. Hillis DM, Ammerman LK, Dixon MT, de Sá RO. 1993. Ribosomal DNA and the phylogeny of frogs. Herpetological Monographs 7: 118-131.
37. Hillis DM, Bull JJ. 1993. An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 42: 182-192.
38. Hillis DM, Davis SK. 1986. Evolution of ribosomal DNA: 50 million years of recorded history in the frog genus Rana. Evolution 40: 1275-1288.
39. Hillis DM, Huelsenbeck JP. 1992. Signal, noise, and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Journal of Heredity 83: 189-195.
40. Huelsenbeck JP. 1991. Tree-length distribution skewness: an indicator of phylogenetic information. Systematic Zoology 40: 257-270.
41. Inger RF. 1967. The development of a phylogeny of frogs. Evolution 21: 369-384.
42. Kenny JS. 1969. Feeding mechanisms in anuran larvae. Journal of Zoology, London 157: 225-246.
43. Kluge AG, Farris JS. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Systematic Zoology 18: 1-32.
44. Kotthaus A. 1933. Die Entwicklung des Primordial-Craniums von Xenopus laevis bis zur Metamorphose. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Abteilung A 144: 510-572.
45. Larson PM, de Sá RO. 1998. Chondrocranial morphology of Leptodactylus larvae (Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylinae): its utility in phylogenetic reconstruction. Journal of Morphology 238: 287-305.
46. Lathrop A. 1997. Taxonomic review of the megophryid frogs (Anura: Pelobatoidea). Asiatic Herpetological Research 7: 68-79.
47. Laurent RF. 1979. Esquisse d'une phylogenèse des anoures. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 104: 397-422.
48. Laurent RF. 1986. Sous classe des lissamphibiens. Systématique. In: Grassé P-P, Delsol M, eds. Traité de Zoologie. Paris: Masson, 594-797.
49. Lynch JD. 1973. The transition from archaic to advanced frogs. In: Vial JL, ed. Evolutionary biology of the anurans. Contemporary research on major problems. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 133-182.analysis of phylogeny and character evolution
50. Maddison WP, Maddison DR. 2000. Macclade:, Version 4.0. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.
51. Maglia AM. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of extant pelobatoid frogs (Anura: Pelobatoidea): evidence from adult morphology. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, the University of Kansas 10: 1-19.
52. Maglia AM. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of pelobatoid frogs (Anura: Pelobatoidea). Lawrence: University of Kansas.
53. Maglia AM, Púgener LA. 1998. Skeletal development and adult osteology of Bombina orientalis (Anura: Bombinatoridae). Herpetologica 54: 344-363.
54. Maglia AM, Púgener LA, Trueb L. 2001. Comparative development of frogs: using phylogeny to understand ontogeny. American Zoologist 41: 538-551.
55. Milner AR. 1988. The relationships and origin of living amphibians. In: Benton MJ, ed. The phylogeny and classification of tetrapods. Oxford: Systematics Association, 59-102.
56. Milner AR. 1993. The Paleozoic relatives of lissamphibians. Herpetological Monographs 7: 8-27.
57. Miyamoto MM. 1983. Frogs of the Eleutherodactylus rugulosus group: a cladistic study of allozyme, morphological, and karyological data. Systematic Zoology 32: 109-124.
58. Moore MK. 1989. Comparative ontogeny of cranial ossification in the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, and the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University.
59. Nieuwkoop PD, Faber J. 1956. Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). A systematical and chronological survey of the development from the fertilized egg till the end of metamorphosis. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
60. Noble GK. 1922. The phylogeny of the Salientia. I. The osteology and the thigh musculature; their bearing on classification and phylogeny. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 46: 1-87.
61. Noble GK. 1931. The biology of the Amphibia. New York: McGraw-Hill.
62. Orton G. 1943. The tadpole of Rhinophrynus dorsalis. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 472: 1-7.
63. Orton G. 1953. The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Systematic Zoology 2: 63-75.
64. Orton G. 1957. The bearing of larval evolution on some problems in frog classification. Systematic Zoology 6: 79-86.
65. Pramuk J, Hass CA, Hedges SB. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of West Indian toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 233: 267-286.
66. Púgener LA, Maglia AM. 1997. Osteology and skeletal development of Discoglossus sardus (Anura: Discoglossidae). Journal of Morphology 233: 267-286.
67. Pusey HK. 1938. Structural changes in the anuran mandibular arch during metamorphosis, with reference to Rana temporaria. Quarterly Journal of the Microscopical Society 8: 479-552.
68. Ramaswami LS. 1943. An account of the chondrocranium of Rana afghana and Megophrys, with a description of the masticatory musculature of some tadpoles. Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences, India, Section B 9: 43-48.
69. Reig OA. 1958. Proposiciones para una nueva macrosistematica de los anuros. Nota preliminar. Physis (Buenos Aires), Sección B 21: 109-118.
70. Roček Z. 1980. Cranial anatomy of frogs of the family Pelobatidae Stannius, 1856, with outlines of their phylogeny and systematics. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Biologica.
71. de Sá R. 1988. Chondrocranium and ossification sequence of Hyla lanciformis. Journal of Morphology 195: 345-355.
72. de Sá RO, Hillis DM. 1990. Phylogenetic relationships of the pipid frogs Xenopus and Silurana: an integration of ribosomal DNA and morphology. Molecular Biology and Evolution 7: 365-376.
73. de Sá RO, Swart CC. 1999. Development of the suprarostral plate of pipoid frogs. Journal of Morphology 240: 143-153.
74. de Sá R, Trueb L. 1991. Osteology, skeletal development, and chondrocranial structure of Hamptophryne boliviana (Anura: Microhylidae). Journal of Morphology 209: 311-330.
75. Satel SL, Wassersug RJ. 1981. On the relative sizes of buccal floor depressor and elevator musculature in tadpoles. Copeia 1981: 129-137.
76. Savage JM. 1973. The geographic distribution of frogs: patterns and predictions. In: Vial JL, ed. Evolutionary biology of the anurans. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 351-445.
77. Schmalhausen II. 1968. The origin of terrestrial vertebrates. New York: Academic Press.
78. Sokol OM. 1962. The tadpole of Hymenochirus boettgeri (Tornier). Copeia 1962: 273-284.
79. Sokol OM. 1975. The phylogeny of anuran larvae: a new look. Copeia 1975: 1-23.
80. Sokol OM. 1977. The free swimming Pipa larvae, with a review of pipid phylogeny (Anura: Pipidae). Journal of Morphology 154: 357-426.
81. Sokol OM. 1981. The larval chondrocranium of Pelodytes punctatus, with a review of tadpole chondrocrania. Journal of Morphology 169: 161-183.
82. Sorenson MD. 1999. TreeRot, Version 2. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
83. Starrett PH. 1973. Evolutionary patterns in larval morphology. In: Vial JL, ed. Evolutionary biology of the anurans. Contemporary research on major problems. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 251-297.
84. Stuart LC. 1961. Some observations on the natural history of tadpoles of Rhinophrynus dorsalis Duméril and Bibron. Herpetologica 17: 73-79.
85. Swart CC, de Sá RO. 1999. The chondrocranium of the Mexican burrowing toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis. Journal of Herpetology 33: 23-28.
86. Swofford DL. 2000. PAUP. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. 4.0* ed. Champagne, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey.
87. Taylor W, van Dyke G. 1985. Revised procedure for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107-119.
88. Thibaudeau DG, Altig R. 1988. Sequence of ontogenetic development and atrophy of the oral apparatus of six anuran tadpoles. Journal of Morphology 197: 63-69.
89. Tihen JA. 1965. Evolutionary trends in frogs. American Zoologist 5: 309-318.
90. Trueb L, Cloutier R. 1991. A phylogenetic investigation of the inter- and intrarelationships of the Lissamphibia (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). In: Schultze H-P, Trueb L, eds. Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: controversy and consensus. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 223-313.
91. Trueb L, Hanken J. 1992. Skeletal development in Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae). Journal of Morphology 214: 1-41.
92. Trueb L, Púgener LA, Maglia AM. 2000. Ontogeny of the bizarre: an osteological description of Pipa pipa (Anura: Pipidae), with an account of skeletal development in the species. Journal of Morphology 243: 75-104.
93. Viertel B. 1991. The ontogeny of the filter apparatus of anuran larvae (Amphibia, Anura). Zoomorphology 110: 239-266.
94. Viertel B, Richter S. 1999. Anatomy. Viscera and endocrines. In: McDiarmid RW, Altig R, eds. Tadpoles. The biology of anuran larvae. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 93-148.
95. de Villiers. 1934. Studies of the cranial anatomy of Ascaphus truei Steineeger, the American 'leiopelmid'. Bulletin Museum Comparative Zoology Harvard University 77: 1-38.
96. Wagner. 1934. On the cranial characters of Leiopelma hochstetteri. Anatomischer Anzeiger 79: 65-77.
97. Wang Y. 1997. Postcranial skeleton and development of Alytes obstetricans (Anura: Discoglossidae), with a redescription of chondrocranial and cranial morphology. Lawrence: University of Kansas.
98. Wassersug R. 1972. the mechanism of ultraplanktonic entrapment in anuran larvae. Journal of Morphology 137: 279-288.
99. Wassersug RJ. 1976. A procedure for differential staining of cartilage and bone in whole formalin-fixed vertebrates. Stain Technology 51: 131-134.
100. Wassersug R. 1980. Internal oral features of larvae from eight anuran families: functional, systematic, evolutionary and ecological considerations. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication 68: 146.
101. Wassersug R. 1996. The biology of Xenopus tadpoles. In: Tinsley RC, Kobel HR, eds. The biology of Xenopus. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 195-211.
102. Wiens JJ. 1989. Ontogeny of the skeleton of Spea bombifrons (Anura: Pelobatidae). Journal of Morphology 202: 29-51.
103. Wilder IW. 1925. The morphology of amphibian metamorphosis. Northampton, MA: Smith College.
104. Worthington RD, Wake DB. 1971. Larval morphology and ontogeny of the ambystomatid salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus. American Midland Naturalist 85: 349-365.