To kill or not to kill: The eradication of contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia in Western Europe

Medical History

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 314-331

  Fisher, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASE; CONTAGIOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA; EPIDEMIC; EUROPE; HISTORY; METHODOLOGY; VACCINATION;

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMALS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EUROPE; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; PLEUROPNEUMONIA, CONTAGIOUS; VACCINATION;

EID: 0141782131     PISSN: 00257273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300057033     Document Type: Article

References (148)

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62. Louis Willems, Mémoire sur la pleuropneumonia épizootique du bétail, Bruxelles, Th Lesigne, 1852. This was published simultaneously in Flemish: Verhandeling over de longziekte van het vee, en de middelen om hetzelve er tegen te behoeden, Ghent, Van F en E Gyselynck. For details on Willems, see C Huygelen, 'Louis Willems (1822-1907) and the immunization against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: an evaluation', Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België, 1997, 59: 237-9, 249-52.
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77. R Perren, The meat trade in Britain 1840-1914, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978, pp. 111-12.
78. John Gamgee, 'Official report of the International Veterinary Congress, Hamburg 14-18 July 1863', and 'Official report of the Second International Veterinary Congress', Vienna 18 July 1865, in idem. The cattle plague, London, R Hardwicke, 1866, pp. 488-99, 781-7.
79. Michael Worboys, ' '"Killing and curing": veterinarians, medicine and germs in Britain, 1860-1900', Vet. Hist , 1992, 7: 53-71, p. 57; see also his 'Germ theories of disease and British veterinary medicine, 1860-1890', Med Hist., 1991, 35: 308-27; and Spreading germs: diseases, theories, and medical practice in Britain, 1865-1900, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ch. 2.
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81. Michael Worboys, ' '"Killing and curing": veterinarians, medicine and germs in Britain, 1860-1900', Vet. Hist , 1992, 7: 53-71, p. 57; see also his 'Germ theories of disease and British veterinary medicine, 1860-1890', Med Hist., 1991, 35: 308-27; and Spreading germs: diseases, theories, and medical practice in Britain, 1865-1900, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ch. 2.
82. A H H Matthews, Fifty years of agricultural politics: being the history of the Central Chamber of Agriculture. 1865-1915, London, P S King, 1915, pp. 392-4.
83. John Fisher, 'The economic effects of cattle disease in Britain and its containment, 1850-1900', Agric. Hist., 1980, 54: 278-94, pp. 285-6.
84. Idem, 'Professor Gamgee and the farmers', Vet. Hist , 1979-80, N.S., 1: 47-63, 57-60; and an editorial in the Veterinarian, Sept. 1876, 4th series, 23: 620-6.
85. Idem, 'Professor Gamgee and the farmers', Vet. Hist , 1979-80, N.S., 1: 47-63, 57-60; and an editorial in the Veterinarian, Sept. 1876, 4th series, 23: 620-6.
86. See Iain Pattison, A great British veterinarian forgotten: James Bean Simonds 1810-1904, London, J A Allen, 1990; Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Animal health: a centenary, 1865-1965, London, HMSO, 1965, pp. 35, 43.
87. See Iain Pattison, A great British veterinarian forgotten: James Bean Simonds 1810-1904, London, J A Allen, 1990; Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Animal health: a centenary, 1865-1965, London, HMSO, 1965, pp. 35, 43.
88. Fisher, op cit., note 53 above, pp. 285-6; Perren, op. cit., note 49 above, pp. 123-32.
89. Fisher, op cit., note 53 above, pp. 285-6; Perren, op. cit., note 49 above, pp. 123-32.
90. See, for example, W McCall, 'The suppression of contagious pleuro-pneumonia: inoculation and stamping-out', Veterinarian, Feb. 1887, 60: 201-10, and Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, op. cit., note 47 above, Qs. 6476-8, 6603-7 and 8461-4.
91. See, for example, W McCall, 'The suppression of contagious pleuro-pneumonia: inoculation and stamping-out', Veterinarian, Feb. 1887, 60: 201-10, and Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, op. cit., note 47 above, Qs. 6476-8, 6603-7 and 8461-4.
92. J R Fisher, 'Foot and mouth disease in Australia', Aust. Veter.J,May 1984, 61: 158-61, p. 160; J F Smithcors, The American veterinary profession, Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1963, p. 195.
93. J R Fisher, 'Foot and mouth disease in Australia', Aust. Veter.J,May 1984, 61: 158-61, p. 160; J F Smithcors, The American veterinary profession, Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1963, p. 195.
94. R Rutherford, 'Inoculation as a prevention of pleuro-pneumonia', Trans. Highland Agric. Soc. Scotland, 1882, 4th series, 14: 14-31.
95. Louis Willems, Cinquante années d'inoculation préventive de la péripneumonie contagieuse des bovides (1850-1900), Hayez, Imprimeur de l'Académie Royal de Belgique, Bruxelles, 1900, p. 45.
96. Worboys, ' "Killing and curing" ', see note 51 above, p. 60, Rutherford's evidence in Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, see note 47 above, Qs 918, 928-32, 1070-2.
97. Worboys, ' "Killing and curing" ', see note 51 above, p. 60, Rutherford's evidence in Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, see note 47 above, Qs 918, 928-32, 1070-2.
98. See Brown's comments in response to a paper on 'Inoculation as a preventive against pleuro-pneumoma, &c.', in the Veterinarian, 1887, 60: 682-3.
99. Rutherford's evidence in Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, see note 47 above, Qs. 976-80, 1114-24.
100. Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleura-pneumonia, 1888. see note 47 above, pp. xi-xv.
101. MAFF, op. cit , note 55 above, pp. 56-63, 158-62.
102. Annual report of the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council Office for 1885, London, HMSO, 1886, pp. 41-4.
103. Offringa, op. cit., note 24 above, pp. 169-70.
104. Verslag aan den Koning van de bevindingen en handelingen van her Veeartsenijkundig Staatstoezicht, The Hague, Van Weelden en Mingelen, 1874, pp. 24-7.
105. Offringa, op. cit., note 24 above, pp. 170; Verslag aan den Koning, 1879, op. cit., note 68 above, p. 54; J J Wester, Geschiedenis der veeartsenijkunde, Utrecht, Hoonte, 1939, pp. 335-40
106. Offringa, op. cit., note 24 above, pp. 170; Verslag aan den Koning, 1879, op. cit., note 68 above, p. 54; J J Wester, Geschiedenis der veeartsenijkunde, Utrecht, Hoonte, 1939, pp. 335-40
107. Offringa, op. cit., note 24 above, pp. 170; Verslag aan den Koning, 1879, op. cit., note 68 above, p. 54; J J Wester, Geschiedenis der veeartsenijkunde, Utrecht, Hoonte, 1939, pp. 335-40
108. M Bettel, 'The eradication of pleuro-pneumonia from Holland', J Comp. Pathol. Therap., 1889, 2: 315-8; Verslag aan den Koning, op. cit, 1884. note 68 above, p. 24; evidence of John May to the Select Committee on the Cattle Plague, 1877, note 28 above, Qs. 1874-2124; evidence of J F Laméris in Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, see note 47 above, Qs. 7061-212.
109. M Bettel, 'The eradication of pleuro-pneumonia from Holland', J Comp. Pathol. Therap., 1889, 2: 315-8; Verslag aan den Koning, op. cit, 1884. note 68 above, p. 24; evidence of John May to the Select Committee on the Cattle Plague, 1877, note 28 above, Qs. 1874-2124; evidence of J F Laméris in Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, see note 47 above, Qs. 7061-212.
110. M Bettel, 'The eradication of pleuro-pneumonia from Holland', J Comp. Pathol. Therap., 1889, 2: 315-8; Verslag aan den Koning, op. cit, 1884. note 68 above, p. 24; evidence of John May to the Select Committee on the Cattle Plague, 1877, note 28 above, Qs. 1874-2124; evidence of J F Laméris in Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, see note 47 above, Qs. 7061-212.
111. Perren, op. cit., note 49 above, p. 121.
112. Alois Tschopp, 'Die Tierseuchenbekämpfung in den Kantonen Luzern, Schwyg and Zug von 1798 bis 1900', thesis, Zürich University, 1985, pp. 63-5; Gamgee, op. cit., note 50 above, pp. 492-4.
113. Alois Tschopp, 'Die Tierseuchenbekämpfung in den Kantonen Luzern, Schwyg and Zug von 1798 bis 1900', thesis, Zürich University, 1985, pp. 63-5; Gamgee, op. cit., note 50 above, pp. 492-4.
114. Veterinarian, 1876, 49: 158, 225 and 476; Annual report of the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council Office for 1878, London, HMSO, 1879, pp. 48-9.
115. Veterinarian, 1876, 49: 158, 225 and 476; Annual report of the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council Office for 1878, London, HMSO, 1879, pp. 48-9.
116. Tschopp, op. cit., note 72 above, p. 95.
117. R Hubscher, Les Maîtres des bêtes: les vétérinaires dans la société française (XVIIIe-XXe siècle), Paris, Editions Odile Jacob, 1999, pp. 85-7
118. Wilkinson, op. cit., note 4 above, pp. 147-61; Hubscher, op. cit., note 75 above, pp. 182-6
119. Wilkinson, op. cit., note 4 above, pp. 147-61; Hubscher, op. cit., note 75 above, pp. 182-6
120. Huygelen, op. cit., note 39 above, pp. 266, 269-71 ; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 17, 38-40, 47-8. Hubscher, op. cit., note 75 above, pp. 92-5; see also L-G Neumann, Biographies vétérinaires, Paris, Asselin et Houzeau, 1896, pp. 34-6.
121. Huygelen, op. cit., note 39 above, pp. 266, 269-71 ; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 17, 38-40, 47-8. Hubscher, op. cit., note 75 above, pp. 92-5; see also L-G Neumann, Biographies vétérinaires, Paris, Asselin et Houzeau, 1896, pp. 34-6.
122. Huygelen, op. cit., note 39 above, pp. 266, 269-71 ; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 17, 38-40, 47-8. Hubscher, op. cit., note 75 above, pp. 92-5; see also L-G Neumann, Biographies vétérinaires, Paris, Asselin et Houzeau, 1896, pp. 34-6.
123. Huygelen, op. cit., note 39 above, pp. 266, 269-71 ; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 17, 38-40, 47-8. Hubscher, op. cit., note 75 above, pp. 92-5; see also L-G Neumann, Biographies vétérinaires, Paris, Asselin et Houzeau, 1896, pp. 34-6.
124. R J Dubos, Louis Pasteur, free lance of science, New York, Charles Scribner, 1960, pp. 324-7; A Loir, 'Reports by M. Loir on experiments made with a view to discovering a mode of preserving the virus of pleuro-pneumonia', Appendix A to P R Gordon, 'Report of the Chief Inspector of Stock and Brands', pp. 3-5, in Votes and Proceedings of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1891, vol. 3.
125. R J Dubos, Louis Pasteur, free lance of science, New York, Charles Scribner, 1960, pp. 324-7; A Loir, 'Reports by M. Loir on experiments made with a view to discovering a mode of preserving the virus of pleuro-pneumonia', Appendix A to P R Gordon, 'Report of the Chief Inspector of Stock and Brands', pp. 3-5, in Votes and Proceedings of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1891, vol. 3.
126. J W Ezzell, P Mikesell, B E Ivins and S H Leppla, 'The genetic basis of Pasteur's attenuation of Bacillus anthracis cultures', in H Koprowski and S A Plotkin (eds), The world's debt to Pasteur, New York, Alan R Liss, 1985, pp 109-16; Gerald L Geison, The private science of Louis Pasteur, Princeton University Press, 1995, ch. 6; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 72-4.
127. J W Ezzell, P Mikesell, B E Ivins and S H Leppla, 'The genetic basis of Pasteur's attenuation of Bacillus anthracis cultures', in H Koprowski and S A Plotkin (eds), The world's debt to Pasteur, New York, Alan R Liss, 1985, pp 109-16; Gerald L Geison, The private science of Louis Pasteur, Princeton University Press, 1995, ch. 6; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 72-4.
128. J W Ezzell, P Mikesell, B E Ivins and S H Leppla, 'The genetic basis of Pasteur's attenuation of Bacillus anthracis cultures', in H Koprowski and S A Plotkin (eds), The world's debt to Pasteur, New York, Alan R Liss, 1985, pp 109-16; Gerald L Geison, The private science of Louis Pasteur, Princeton University Press, 1995, ch. 6; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 72-4.
129. Lise Wilkinson, 'The development of the virus concept as reflected in the corpora of studies on individual pathogens. 4: Rabies - two millennia of ideas and conjecture on the aetiology of a virus disease', Med Hist., 1977, 21, 15-31, p. 30.
130. Vet. J., 1876, 3: 45-6; Annual report of the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council Office for 1878, London, printed for HMSO by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1879, p. 36.
131. Vet. J., 1876, 3: 45-6; Annual report of the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council Office for 1878, London, printed for HMSO by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1879, p. 36.
132. For an account of the French campaign, see Emmanuel Leclainche, Histoire de la médecine vétérinaire, Toulouse, Office du Livre, 1936, vol. 2, pp. 118-37.
133. M Peuch [professor at the Toulouse Veterinary College], 'Preventive inoculation for contagious pleuro-pneumonia', Vet. J , April 1888, 26: 233-41, p 240.
134. Annual report of the Agricultural Department of the Privy Council Office for 1888, London, printed for HMSO by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1889, pp. 161-7; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 67-72; F Hutyra and M Marek, Special pathology and therapeutics of the diseases of domestic animals, Chicago, Alexander Eger, 1914, pp. 390, 404-5.
135. Annual report of the Agricultural Department of the Privy Council Office for 1888, London, printed for HMSO by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1889, pp. 161-7; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 67-72; F Hutyra and M Marek, Special pathology and therapeutics of the diseases of domestic animals, Chicago, Alexander Eger, 1914, pp. 390, 404-5.
136. Annual report of the Agricultural Department of the Privy Council Office for 1888, London, printed for HMSO by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1889, pp. 161-7; Willems, op. cit., note 60 above, pp. 67-72; F Hutyra and M Marek, Special pathology and therapeutics of the diseases of domestic animals, Chicago, Alexander Eger, 1914, pp. 390, 404-5.
137. Von den Driesch, op. cit, note 38 above, p. 184.
138. Muller's evidence to the Select Committee on the Cattle Plague, 1877, see note 28 above, Qs. 1421-5.
139. Ibid., Qs. 1341-8, 1433-8, 1492-8, 1511-16.
140. Report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into pleuro-pneumonia, 1888, see note 47 above, p 294, Appendix 7.
141. Rudolf Disselhorst, Die Tierseuchen, soweit sie unter das deutsche Reichsviehseuchengesetz von 18 Mai 1909 fallen: in 21 Vorlesungen, Berlin, P Parey, 1909, pp. 87-8; Gamgee, 'Official report, 1863', note 50 above, pp. 491-2.
142. Rudolf Disselhorst, Die Tierseuchen, soweit sie unter das deutsche Reichsviehseuchengesetz von 18 Mai 1909 fallen: in 21 Vorlesungen, Berlin, P Parey, 1909, pp. 87-8; Gamgee, 'Official report, 1863', note 50 above, pp. 491-2.
143. L Z Saunders, A biographical history of veterinary pathology, Laurence, Kansas, Allen Press, 1996, pp. 203-4.
144. W Schutz, 'Pleuro-pneumonia and its prevention by inoculation', transl. P A Kob, in Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly, Brisbane, Queensland, Government Printer, 1895, vol. 1, pp. 1-23.
145. J Janiszewski, '40-ta rocznica stlumienia zarazy plucnej bydla w Polsce', Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 1975, 31: 307-8.
146. E Nocard and P P E Roux, 'Le microbe de la péripneumonie', Annales de l'Institut Pasteur, 1898, 12: 240-62.
147. Cited in Blancou, op. cit., note 19 above, p. 1280.
148. Dubos, op. cit., note 78 above, p. 10.