Seizures in elderly patients with dementia: Epidemiology and management

Drugs and Aging

Volumn 20, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 791-803

  Mendez, Mario F ^a,b   Lim, Gerald T H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b VA Gtr Los Angeles Health care S ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALBUMIN; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLONAZEPAM; CYTOCHROME P450; DICOUMAROL; DIGOXIN; ETIRACETAM; FELBAMATE; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; MUTANT PROTEIN; NARCOTIC AGENT; NITROFURANTOIN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; OXCARBAZEPINE; PARACETAMOL; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PRESENILIN 1; PRIMIDONE; THEOPHYLLINE; TIAGABINE; TOPIRAMATE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; VIGABATRIN; ZONISAMIDE;

AEROBIC METABOLISM; AGED; AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; ATAXIA; CHOREA; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; DEMENTIA; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIPLOPIA; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DROWSINESS; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FATIGUE; FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEADACHE; HEART BLOCK; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; INCIDENCE; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER TOXICITY; LOW DRUG DOSE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA; MEMORY DISORDER; MUTATION; NAUSEA; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OSTEOMALACIA; PARESTHESIA; PHYSICIAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RASH; RECURRENT DISEASE; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; SOMNOLENCE; SPEECH DISORDER; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; SYMPTOM; TREMOR; URINARY EXCRETION; VERTIGO;

AGED; ANTICONVULSANTS; CARBAMAZEPINE; CASE MANAGEMENT; DEMENTIA; EPILEPSY; HUMANS;

EID: 0141761520     PISSN: 1170229X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200320110-00001     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Evans DA, Scherr PA, Smith LA, et al. The east Boston Alzheimer's disease registry. Aging (Milano) 1990; 2: 298-302
2. Henderson AS. Epidemiology of dementia disorders. Adv Neurol 1990; 51: 15-25
3. Katzman R. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993; 43: 13-20
4. Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group. Canadian Study of Health and Aging: study methods and prevalence of dementia. CMAJ 1994; 150: 899-912
5. Breteler MM, Claus JJ, van Duijn CM, et al. Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiol Rev 1992; 14: 59-82
6. General Accounting Office Report B-277607. Health, Education, and Human Services division. Alzheimer's Disease Prevalence. Washington (DC): United States General Accounting Office, 1998 Jan 28
7. Andersen K, Nielsen H, Lolk A, et al. Incidence of very mild to severe dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Denmark: the Odense Study. Neurology 1999; 52: 85-90
8. Fillenbaum GG, Heyman A, Huber MS, et al. The prevalence and 3-year incidence of dementia in older Black and White community residents. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51: 587-95
9. Schoenberg BS, Anderson DW, Haerer AF. Severe dementia: prevalence and clinical features in a biracial US population. Arch Neurol 1985; 42: 740-3
10. Department of Commerce. Aging/elderly population data. United States Census Bureau [online]. Available from URL: http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/age.html#elderly [Accessed 2003 Jul 31]
11. Drachman DA. If we live long enough, will we all be demented? Neurology 1994; 44: 1563-5
12. Jorm AF, Korten AE, Henderson AS. The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 76: 465-79
13. Jorm AF. Cross-national comparisons of the occurrence of Alzheimer's and vascular dementias. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991; 240: 218-22
14. Paykel ES, Brayne C, Huppert FA, et al. Incidence of dementia in a population older than 75 years in the United Kingdom. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 325-32
15. Kokman E, Beard M, Offord KP, et al. Prevalence of medically diagnosed dementia in a defined United States population: Rochester, Minnesota, 1975 Jan 1. Neurology 1989; 39: 773-6
16. Mendez MF, Cummings JL. Dementia: a clinical approach. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003
17. Drach LM, Steinmetz HE, Wach S, et al. High proportion of dementia with Lewy bodies in the postmortems of a mental hospital in Germany. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 12: 301-6
18. Stevens T, Livingston G, Kitchen G, et al. Islington study of dementia subtypes in the community. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180: 270-6
19. Mendez MF, Mastri AR, Sung JH, et al. Neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease: clinical diagnoses in 394 cases. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1991; 4: 26-9
20. Roman GC, Goldstein M. A population-based study of dementia in 85-year-olds. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 63-4
21. Sander JWAS, Hart YM, Johnson AL, et al. National general practice study of epilepsy: newly diagnosed people with epilepsy in a general population. Lancet 1990; 20: 442-8
22. Tallis R, Hall G, Craig I, et al. How common are epileptic seizures in old age? Age Ageing 1991; 20: 442-8
23. Hauser WA. Seizure disorders: the changes with age. Epilepsia 1992; 33 Suppl. 4: S6-S14
24. De la Court A, Breteler MM, Meinardi H, et al. Prevalence of epilepsy in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Epilepsia 1996; 37: 141-7
25. Thomas RJ. Seizures and epilepsy in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 605-17
26. Faught E. Epidemiology and drug treatment of epilepsy in elderly people. Drugs Aging 1999; 15: 255-69
27. Cloyd JC, Lackner TE, Leppik IE. Antiepileptics in the elderly: pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacokinetics. Arch Fam Med 1994; 3: 589-98
28. Garrard J, Cloyd J, Gross C, et al. Factors associated with antiepileptic drug use among elderly nursing home residents. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55: M384-92
29. Lackner T, Cloyd JC, Thomas LW, et al. Antiepileptic drug use in nursing home residents: effect of age, gender, and comedication on patterns of use. Epilepsia 1998; 39: 1083-7
30. Hauser WA, Morris ML, Heston LL, et al. Seizures and myoclonus in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1986; 36: 1226-30
31. Hesdorffer DC, Hauser WA, Annegers JF, et al. Dementia and adult onset unprovoked seizures. Neurology 1996; 46: 727-30
32. McAreavey MJ, Ballinger BR, Fenton GW. Epileptic seizures in elderly patients with Dementia. Epilepsia 1992; 33: 657-60
33. Romanelli M, Morris JC, Ashkin K, et al. Advanced Alzheimer's disease is a risk factor for late onset seizures. Arch Neurol 1990; 47: 847-50
34. Mendez MF, Catanzarro P, Doss RC, et al. Seizures in Alzheimer's disease: clinicopathologic study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994; 7: 230-3
35. Sjogren T, Sjogren H, Lindgren AGH. Morbus Alzheimer and morbus pick: a genetic, clinical and pathoanatomical study. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand 1952; 82 Suppl.: 75-93
36. Volicer L, Smith S, Volicer BJ. Effect of seizures on progression of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Dementia 1995; 6: 258-63
37. Despland PA. Demences et crises epileptiques tardives. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1997; 86: 1414-7
38. Heyman A, Wilkinson WE, Hurwitz BJ, et al. Early onset Alzheimer's disease: clinical predictors of institutionalization and death. Neurology 1987; 37: 980-4
39. Arroyo S, Kramer G. Treating epilepsy in the elderly: safety considerations. Drug Saf 2001; 24: 991-1015
40. Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935-1984. Epilepsia 1993; 34: 453-68
41. Dam AM, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Svarre-Olsen U, et al. Late-onset epilepsy: etiologies, types of seizure, and value of clinical investigation, EEG, and computerized tomography scan. Epilepsia 1985; 26: 227-31
42. Forsgren L, Bucht G, Eriksson S, et al. Incidence and clinical characterization of unprovoked seizures in adults: a prospective population-based study. Epilepsia 1996; 37: 224-9
43. Loiseau J, Loiseau P, Duche B, et al. A survey of epileptic disorders in southwest France: seizures in elderly patients. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 232-7
44. Luhdorf K, Jensen LK, Plesner AM. Epilepsy in the elderly: prognosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1986; 74: 409-15
45. Forstl H, Burns A, Levy R, et al. Neurologic signs in Alzheimer's disease: results of a prospective clinical and neuropathologic study. Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 1038-42
46. Risse SC, Lampe TH, Bird TD, et al. Myoclonus, seizures and paratonia in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1990; 4: 217-25
47. Sulkava R. Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a comparative Study. Acta Neurol Scand 1982; 65: 636-50
48. Axelman K, Basun H, Lannfelt L. Wide range of disease onset in a family with Alzheimer disease and a His163Tyrmutation in the presenilin-1 gene. Arch Neurol 1998; 55: 698-702
49. Campion D, Flaman JM, Brice A, et al. Mutations of the presenilin I gene in families with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 2373-7
50. Kennedy AM, Newman SK, Frackowiak RS, et al. Chromosome 14 linked familial Alzheimer's disease: a clinico-pathological study of a single pedigree. Brain 1995; 118: 185-205
51. Lopera F, Ardilla A, Martinez A, et al. Clinical features of early-onset Alzheimer disease in a large kindred with an E280A presenilin-1 mutation. JAMA 1997; 277: 793-9
52. Mangone CA, Castano EM, Levy E, et al. Early onset Alzheimer's disease in a South American pedigree from Argentina. Acta Neurol Scand 1995: 91:6-13
53. Fox NC, Kennedy AM, Harvey RJ, et al. Clinicopathological features of familial Alzheimer's disease associated with the M139V mutation in the presenilin 1 gene: pedigree but not mutation specific age at onset provides evidence for a further genetic factor. Brain 1997; 120: 491-501
54. Singleton AB, Hall R, Ballard CG, et al. Pathology of early-onset Alzheimer's disease cases bearing the Thr113-114ins presenilin-1 mutation. Brain 2000; 123: 2467-74
55. Janssen JC, Hall M, Fox NC, et al. Alzheimer's disease due to an intronic presenilin-1 (PSENI intron 4) mutation: a clinicopathological study. Brain 2000; 123: 894-907
56. Armon C, Peterson GW, Liwnicz BH. Alzheimer's disease underlies some cases of complex partial status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol 2000; 17: 511-8
57. Kramer G. Epilepsy in the elderly: some clinical and pharmacotherapeutic aspects. Epilepsia 2001; 42 Suppl. 3: S55-9
58. Sirven JI. Management of epilepsy in older adults. Clin Geriatr 2000; 1: 93-9
59. Rabinowitz AL, Starkstein SE, Leiguarda RC, et al. Transient epileptic amnesia in dementia: a treatable unrecognized cause of episodic amnestic wandering. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2000; 14: 231-3
60. Tatum IV WO, Ross J, Cole AJ. Epileptic pseudodementia. Neurology 1998; 50: 1472-5
61. Leppik IE, Bimbaum A. Epilepsy in the elderly. Semin Neurol 2002; 22: 309-20
62. Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Neuropsychological effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Lancet 2001; 357: 216-22
63. Inouye SK, Charpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons: predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA 1996; 275: 852-7
64. Inouye SK. The dilemma of delirium: clinical and research controversies regarding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients. Am J Med 1994; 97: 278-88
65. Inouye SK, Viscoli CM, Horwitz RI, et al. A predictive model for delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients based on admission characteristics. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 474-81
66. Levkoff SE, Evans DA, Liptzin B, et al. Delirium: the occurrence and persistence of symptoms among elderly hospitalized patients. Arch Intern Med 1992; 52: 334-40
67. Aldenkamp AP. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognition. Epilepsia 2001; 42 Suppl. 1: 46-9
68. Martin R, Meador K, Turrentine L, et al. Comparative cognitive effects of carbamazepine and gabapentin in healthy senior adults. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 764-71
69. Farhat G, Yamout B, Mikati MA, et al. Effect of antiepileptic drugs on bone density in ambulatory patients. Neurology 2002; 58: 1348-53
70. Bowen JD, Larson EB. Drug-induced cognitive impairment: defining the problem and finding the solutions. Drugs Aging 1993; 3: 349-57
71. Garnett WR, Carter BL, Pellock JM. Bioavailability of phenytoin administered with antacids. Ther Drug Monit 1979; 1: 435-6
72. Nation RL, Evans AM, Milne RW. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with phenytoin: part II. Clin Pharmacokinet 1990; 18: 37-60, 131-150
73. Berg MJ, Ebert BE, Rivey MP, et al. Utilization of Km for phenytoin dosage after folate addition to patient's regimen. Ther Drug Monit 1987; 9: 304-5
74. Haley CJ, Nelson J. Phenytoin: enteral feeding interaction. Ann Pharmacother 1989; 23: 796-8
75. French J, Smith M, Faught E, et al. Practice advisory: the use of felbamate in the treatment of patients with intractable epilepsy: report of the Quality Standards of Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy society. Neurology 1999; 52: 1540-5
76. Dodrill CB, Arnett JL, Shu V, et al. Effects of tiagabine monotherapy on abilities, adjustment and mood. Epilepsia 1998; 39: 33-42
77. Neyens LG, Alpherts WC, Aldenkamp AP. Cognitive effects of a new pyrrolidine derivative (levetiracetam) in patients with epilepsy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1995; 19: 411-9
78. Wallace SM, Veerbeeck RK. Plasma protein binding of drugs in the elderly. Clin Pharmacokinet 1987; 12: 41-72
79. Piecoro LT, Wermeling DP, Schmitt FA, et al. Seizures in patients receiving concomitant antimuscarinics and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor. Pharmacotherapy 1998; 18: 1129-32
80. Craig I, Tallis R. Impact of valproate and phenytoin on cognitive function in elderly patients: results of a single-blind randomized comparative study. Epilepsia 1994; 35: 381-90
81. Duncan JS, Shorvon SD, Trimble MR. Effects of removal of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate on cognitive function. Epilepsia 1990; 31: 584-91
82. Bohannon AD, Hanlon JT, Landerman R, et al. Association of race and other potential risk factors with nonvertebral fractures in community-dwelling elderly women. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149: 1002-9
83. Mattson RH, Cramer JA, Collins JF. A comparison of valproate with carbamazepine for the treatment of complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 765-71
84. Chadwick D. Vigabatrin European Monotherapy Study Group. Safety and efficacy of vigabatrin and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy: a multicentre randomised double-blind study. Lancet 1999; 654: 13-9
85. Curran HV, Java R. Memory and psychomotor effects of oxcarbazepine in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 44: 529-33
86. Richens A. Clinical pharmacokinetics of gabapentin. In: Chadwick D, editor. New trends in epilepsy management: the role of gabapentin. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1993: 41-6
87. Brodie MJ, Overstall PW, Giorgi L, et al. Multicenter double-blind randomised comparison between lamotrigine and carbamazepine in elderly patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 1999; 37: 81-7
88. Brodie MJ, French JA. Management of epilepsy in adolescents and adults. Lancet 2000; 356: 323-9
89. Peck AW. Clinical pharmacology of lamotrigine. Epilepsia 1991; 32 Suppl. 2: S9-S12
90. Giorgi L, Gomez G, O'Neill F, et al. The tolerability of lamotrigine in elderly patients with epilepsy. Drugs Aging 2001; 18: 621-30
91. Aldenkamp AP, Baker G, Mulder OG, et al. A multicenter, randomized clinical study to evaluate the effect on cognitive function of topiramate compared with valproate as add-on therapy to carbamazepine in patients with partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 2000; 41: 1167-78
92. Martin R, Kuzniecky R, Ho S, et al. Cognitive effects of topiramate, gabapentin, and lamotrigine in healthy young adults. Neurology 1999; 52: 321-7
93. Jokeit H, Ebner A. Long term effects of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy on cognitive abilities: a cross sectional study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 67: 44-50
94. Samson WN, van Duijn CM, Hop WC, et al. Clinical features and mortality in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol 1996; 36: 103-6
95. Volicer L, Smith S, Volicer BJ. Effect of seizures on progression of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Dementia 1995; 6: 258-63
96. Hesdorffer DC, Logroscino G, Cascino G, et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in Rochester, Minnesota, 1965-1984. Neurology 1998; 50: 735-41
97. Ramsay RE, Pryor F. Epilepsy in the elderly. Neurology 2000; 55 Suppl. 1: S9-S14
98. Hauser WA, Rich SS, Lee JR, et al. Risk of recurrent seizures after two unprovoked seizures. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 429-34
99. Rowan AJ. Management of seizures in the elderly. Pharmacotherapy 2000; 20: 178S-84S
100. Rowan AJ. Reflections on the treatment of seizures in the elderly population. Neurology 1998, 33
101. Cameron H, Macphee GJ. Anticonvulsant therapy in the elderly: a need for placebo controlled trials. Epilepsy Res 1995; 21: 149-57