Characterization of the immediate-early 2 protein of human herpesvirus 6, a promiscuous transcriptional activator

Virology

Volumn 308, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 340-353

  Gravel, Annie ^b   Tomoiu, Andru ^b   Cloutier, Nathalie ^b   Gosselin, Jean ^b   Flamand, Louis ^a  

^a LAVAL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMEDIATE EARLY PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXON; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC CODE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; GENOME ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; KINETICS; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; T LYMPHOCYTE; TRANSLATION INITIATION; VIRUS INFECTION; WESTERN BLOTTING;

EUKARYOTA; HERPESVIRIDAE; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6A; VECTORS;

EID: 0141500432     PISSN: 00426822     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00007-2     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Ahn J.H., Jang W.J., Hayward G.S. The human cytomegalovirus IE2 and UL112-113 proteins accumulate in viral DNA replication compartments that initiate from the periphery of promyelocytic leukemia protein-associated nuclear bodies (PODs or ND10). J. Virol. 73:(12):1999;10458-10471.
2. Altschul S.F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E.W., Lipman D.J. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215:(3):1990;403-410.
3. Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schaffer A.A., Zhang J., Zhang Z., Miller W., Lipman D.J. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST a new generation of protein database search programs . Nucleic Acids Res. 25:(17):1997;3389-3402.
4. Asano Y., Yoshikawa T., Kajita Y., Ogura R., Suga S., Yazaki T., Nakashima T., Yamada A., Kurata T. Fatal encephalitis/encephalopathy in primary human herpesvirus-6 infection. Arch. Dis. Child. 67:(12):1992;1484-1485.
5. Asano Y., Yoshikawa T., Suga S., Yazaki T., Kondo K., Yamanishi K. Fatal fulminant hepatitis in an infant with human herpesvirus-6 infection. Lancet. 335:(8693):1990;862-863.
6. Bryant L.A., Mixon P., Davidson M., Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T., Sinclair J.H. The human cytomegalovirus 86-kilodalton major immediate-early protein interacts physically and functionally with histone acetyltransferase P/CAF. J. Virol. 74:(16):2000;7230-7237.
7. Carcamo J., Buckbinder L., Reinberg D. The initiator directs the assembly of a transcription factor IID-dependent transcription complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:(18):1991;8052-8056.
8. Carrigan D.R., Knox K.K., Tapper M.A. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by human herpesvirus-6. J. Infect. Dis. 162:(4):1990;844-851.
9. Caswell R., Hagemeier C., Chiou C.J., Hayward G., Kouzarides T., Sinclair J. The human cytomegalovirus 86K immediate early (IE) 2 protein requires the basic region of the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) for binding, and interacts with TBP and transcription factor TFIIB via regions of IE2 required for transcriptional regulation. J. Gen. Virol. 74:(Pt 12):1993;2691-2698.
10. Cherrington J.M., Khoury E.L., Mocarski E.S. Human cytomegalovirus ie2 negatively regulates alpha gene expression via a short target sequence near the transcription start site. J. Virol. 65:(2):1991;887-896.
11. Chiou C.J., Zong J., Waheed I., Hayward G.S. Identification and mapping of dimerization and DNA-binding domains in the C terminus of the IE2 regulatory protein of human cytomegalovirus. J. Virol. 67:(10):1993;6201-6214.
12. Chiou S.H., Liu J.H., Hsu W.M., Chen S.S., Chang S.Y., Juan L.J., Lin J.C., Yang Y.T., Wong W.W., Liu C.Y., Lin Y.S., Liu W.T., Wu C.W. Up-regulation of Fas ligand expression by human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene product 2 a novel mechanism in cytomegalovirus-induced apoptosis in human retina . J. Immunol. 167:(7):2001;4098-4103.
13. Di Luca D., Secchiero P., Bovenzi P., Rotola A., Caputo A., Monini P., Cassai E. Reciprocal in vitro interactions between human herpesvirus-6 and HIV-1 Tat. Aids. 5:(9):1991;1095-1098.
14. Dominguez G., Dambaugh T.R., Stamey F.R., Dewhurst S., Inoue N., Pellett P.E. Human herpesvirus 6B genome sequence coding content and comparison with human herpesvirus 6A . J. Virol. 73:(10):1999;8040-8052.
15. Ensoli B., Lusso P., Schachter F., Josephs S.F., Rappaport J., Negro F., Gallo R.C., Wong-Staal F. Human herpes virus-6 increases HIV-1 expression in co-infected T cells via nuclear factors binding to the HIV-1 enhancer. EMBO J. 8:(10):1989;3019-3027.
16. Flamand L., Romerio F., Reitz M.S., Gallo R.C. CD4 promoter transactivation by human herpesvirus 6. J. Virol. 72:(11):1998;8797-8805.
17. Geng Y.Q., Chandran B., Josephs S.F., Wood C. Identification and characterization of a human herpesvirus 6 gene segment that trans activates the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter. J. Virol. 66:(3):1992;1564-1570.
18. Gompels U.A., Nicholas J., Lawrence G., Jones M., Thomson B.J., Martin M.E., Efstathiou S., Craxton M., Macaulay H.A. The DNA sequence of human herpesvirus-6 structure, coding content, and genome evolution . Virology. 209:(1):1995;29-51.
19. Gravel A., Gosselin J., Flamand L. Human herpesvirus 6 immediate-early 1 protein is a sumoylated nuclear phosphoprotein co-localizing with promyelocityc leukemia protein-associated nuclear bodies. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;19679-19687.
20. Hagemeier C., Walker S.M., Sissons P.J., Sinclair J.H. The 72K IE1 and 80K IE2 proteins of human cytomegalovirus independently trans-activate the c-fos, c-myc and hsp 70 promoters via basal promoter elements. J. Gen. Virol. 73:(Pt 9):1992;2385-2393.
21. Hermiston T.W., Malone C.L., Stinski M.F. Human cytomegalovirus immediate-early two protein region involved in negative regulation of the major immediate-early promoter. J. Virol. 64:(7):1990;3532-3536.
22. Hermiston T.W., Malone C.L., Witte P.R., Stinski M.F. Identification and characterization of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early region 2 gene that stimulates gene expression from an inducible promoter. J. Virol. 61:(10):1987;3214-3221.
23. Horvat R.T., Wood C., Balachandran N. Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus promoter by human herpesvirus 6. J. Virol. 63:(2):1989;970-973.
24. Horvat R.T., Wood C., Josephs S.F., Balachandran N. Transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) strains GS and Z-29 in primary human T lymphocytes and identification of transactivating HHV-6(GS) gene fragments. J. Virol. 65:(6):1991;2895-2902.
25. Huang L., Stinski M.F. Binding of cellular repressor protein or the IE2 protein to a cis-acting negative regulatory element upstream of a human cytomegalovirus early promoter. J. Virol. 69:(12):1995;7612-7621.
26. Huang L.M., Lee C.Y., Lee P.I., Chen J.M., Wang P.J. Meningitis caused by human herpesvirus-6. Arch. Dis. Child. 66:(12):1991;1443-1444.
27. Isegawa Y., Mukai T., Nakano K., Kagawa M., Chen J., Mori Y., Sunagawa T., Kawanishi K., Sashihara J., Hata A., Zou P., Kosuge H., Yamanishi K. Comparison of the complete DNA sequences of human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B. J. Virol. 73:(10):1999;8053-8063.
28. Ishiguro N., Yamada S., Takahashi T., Takahashi Y., Togashi T., Okuno T., Yamanishi K. Meningo-encephalitis associated with HHV-6 related exanthem subitum. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 79:(10):1990;987-989.
29. Iwamoto G.K., Monick M.M., Clark B.D., Auron P.E., Stinski M.F., Hunninghake G.W. Modulation of interleukin 1 beta gene expression by the immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus. J. Clin. Invest. 85:(6):1990;1853-1857.
30. Javahery R., Khachi A., Lo K., Zenzie-Gregory B., Smale S.T. DNA sequence requirements for transcriptional initiator activity in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:(1):1994;116-127.
31. Jupp R., Hoffmann S., Depto A., Stenberg R.M., Ghazal P., Nelson J.A. Direct interaction of the human cytomegalovirus IE86 protein with the cis repression signal does not preclude TBP from binding to the TATA box. J. Virol. 67:(9):1993;5595-5604.
32. Klucher K.M., Sommer M., Kadonaga J.T., Spector D.H. In vivo and in vitro analysis of transcriptional activation mediated by the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:(2):1993;1238-1250.
33. Knox K.K., Harrington D.P., Carrigan D.R. Fulminant human herpesvirus six encephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected infant. J. Med. Virol. 45:(3):1995;288-292.
34. Kondo K., Shimada K., Sashihara J., Tanaka-Taya K., Yamanishi K. Identification of human herpesvirus 6 latency-associated transcripts. J. Virol. 76:(8):2002;4145-4151.
35. Lang D., Stamminger T. The 86-kilodalton IE-2 protein of human cytomegalovirus is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts directly with the negative autoregulatory response element located near the cap site of the IE-1/2 enhancer-promoter. J. Virol. 67:(1):1993;323-331.
36. Lang D., Stamminger T. Minor groove contacts are essential for an interaction of the human cytomegalovirus IE2 protein with its DNA target. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:(16):1994;3331-3338.
37. Liu B., Hermiston T.W., Stinski M.F. A cis-acting element in the major immediate-early (IE) promoter of human cytomegalovirus is required for negative regulation by IE2. J. Virol. 65:(2):1991;897-903.
38. Lukac D.M., Manuppello J.R., Alwine J.C. Transcriptional activation by the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early proteins requirements for simple promoter structures and interactions with multiple components of the transcription complex . J. Virol. 68:(8):1994;5184-5193.
39. Lusso P., Gallo R.C. Human herpesvirus 6 in AIDS. Immunol. Today. 16:(2):1995;67-71.
40. Macias M.P., Stinski M.F. An in vitro system for human cytomegalovirus immediate early 2 protein (IE2)-mediated site-dependent repression of transcription and direct binding of IE2 to the major immediate early promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:(2):1993;707-711.
41. Martin M.E., Nicholas J., Thomson B.J., Newman C., Honess R.W. Identification of a transactivating function mapping to the putative immediate-early locus of human herpesvirus 6. J. Virol. 65:(10):1991;5381-5390.
42. Murphy E.A., Streblow D.N., Nelson J.A., Stinski M.F. The human cytomegalovirus IE86 protein can block cell cycle progression after inducing transition into the S phase of permissive cells. J. Virol. 74:(15):2000;7108-7118.
43. Nicholas J. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 21-kbp region of the genome of human herpesvirus-6 containing homologues of human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early and replication genes. Virology. 204:(2):1994;738-750.
44. Nicholas J., Martin M.E. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 38.5-kilobase-pair region of the genome of human herpesvirus 6 encoding human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene homologs and transactivating functions. J. Virol. 68:(2):1994;597-610.
45. Pizzorno M.C., Hayward G.S. The IE2 gene products of human cytomegalovirus specifically down-regulate expression from the major immediate-early promoter through a target sequence located near the cap site. J. Virol. 64:(12):1990;6154-6165.
46. Schiewe U., Neipel F., Schreiner D., Fleckenstein B. Structure and transcription of an immediate-early region in the human herpesvirus 6 genome. J. Virol. 68:(5):1994;2978-2985.
47. Schwartz R., Helmich B., Spector D.H. CREB and CREB-binding proteins play an important role in the IE2 86-kilodalton protein-mediated transactivation of the human cytomegalovirus 2.2-kilobase RNA promoter. J. Virol. 70:(10):1996;6955-6966.
48. Smale S.T., Baltimore D. The "initiator" as a transcription control element. Cell. 57:(1):1989;103-113.
49. Sommer M.H., Scully A.L., Spector D.H. Transactivation by the human cytomegalovirus IE2 86-kilodalton protein requires a domain that binds to both the TATA box-binding protein and the retinoblastoma protein. J. Virol. 68:(10):1994;6223-6231.
50. Stenberg R.M., Witte P.R., Stinski M.F. Multiple spliced and unspliced transcripts from human cytomegalovirus immediate-early region 2 and evidence for a common initiation site within immediate-early region 1. J. Virol. 56:(3):1985;665-675.
51. Takemoto M., Shimamoto T., Isegawa Y., Yamanishi K. The R3 region, one of three major repetitive regions of human herpesvirus 6, is a strong enhancer of immediate-early gene U95. J. Virol. 75:(21):2001;10149-10160.
52. Thomson B.J., Honess R.W. The right end of the unique region of the genome of human herpesvirus 6 U1102 contains a candidate immediate early gene enhancer and a homologue of the human cytomegalovirus US22 gene family. J. Gen. Virol. 73:(Pt 7):1992;1649-1660.
53. Wu J., Jupp R., Stenberg R.M., Nelson J.A., Ghazal P. Site-specific inhibition of RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly by human cytomegalovirus IE86 protein. J. Virol. 67:(12):1993;7547-7555.
54. Yamanishi K., Okuno T., Shiraki K., Takahashi M., Kondo T., Asano Y., Kurata T. Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for exanthem subitum. Lancet. 1:(8594):1988;1065-1067. [see comments].
55. Zhou Y., Chandran B., Wood C. Transcriptional patterns of the pCD41 (U27) locus of human herpesvirus 6. J. Virol. 71:(5):1997;3420-3430.
56. Zhu H., Shen Y., Shenk T. Human cytomegalovirus IE1 and IE2 proteins block apoptosis. J. Virol. 69:(12):1995;7960-7970.