Ruminant diversification as an adaptation to the physicomechanical characteristics of forage. A reevaluation of an old debate and a new hypothesis

Oikos

Volumn 102, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 253-262

  Clauss, Marcus ^a   Lechner Doll, Matthias ^b   Streich, W Jürgen ^b  

^a Inst Anim Physiol P   (Germany)

^b LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR ZOO AND WILDLIFE RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; FOOD QUALITY; FORAGE; PHYSICAL PROPERTY; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; RUMINANT;

EID: 0043211845     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12406.x     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Axmacher, H. and Hofmann, R. R. 1988. Morphological characteristics of the masseter muscle of 22 ruminant species. - J. Zool. Lond. 215: 463-473.
2. Bodmer, R. E. 1990. Ungulate frugivores and the browser-grazer continuum. - Oikos 57: 319-325.
3. Boué, C. 1970. Morphologie fonctionelle des dents labials chez les ruminants. - Mammalia 34: 696-771.
4. Clauss, M. and Lechner-Doll, M. 2001. Differences in selective particle retention as a key factor in the diversification of ruminants. - Oecologia 129: 321-327.
5. Clauss, M., Lechner-Doll, M., Behrend, A. et al. 2001. Particle retention in the forestomach of a browsing ruminant, the roe deer. - Acta Theriol. 46: 103-107.
6. Clauss, M., Lechner-Doll, M. and Streich, W. J. 2002a. Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer-dichotomy from the other end. - Oecologia 131: 343-349.
7. Clauss, M., Lechner-Doll, M., Flach, E. J. et al. 2002b. Digestive tract pathology of captive giraffe. A unifying hypothesis. - Proc. Sci. Meeting Europ. Ass. Zoo Wildl. Vet. 4: 99-107.
8. Clauss, M., Kienzle, E. and Hatt, J.-M. 2003. Feeding practice in captive wild ruminants: peculiarities in the nutrition of browsers/concentrate selectors and intermediate feeders. A review. - In: Fidgett, A., Clauss, M., Ganslosser, U. et al. (eds), Zoo animal nutrition Vol. II. Filander Verlag, Fürth, Germany (in press).
9. Demment, M. W. and Longhurst, W. H. 1987. Browsers and grazers: constraints on feeding ecology imposed by gut morphology and body size. - In: Santana, O. P., da Silva, A. G. and Foote, W. C. (eds), Proc. IVth Int. Conf. on Goats, Depto de Disuao de Tecnologia, Brazilia, Brazil, 8-13 March 1987., pp. 989-1004.
10. Ditchkoff, S. 2000. A decade since "diversification of ruminants": has our knowledge improved? - Oecologia 125: 82-84.
11. Drescher-Kaden, U. 1976. Tests on the digestive system of roe deer, fallow deer and mouflon. 1. Weight statistics and capacity measurements on the digestive system, particularly of the rumenreticulum of roe deer, fallow deer and mouflon. - Z. Jagdwiss. 22: 184-190.
12. Drescher-Kaden, U. 1981. Comparative studies about food selection of chamois and red deer with spezial regard to the rumen microbes and the fermentation in the reticulorumen. - Adv. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 12: 1-108.
13. Gagnon, M. and Chew, A. E. 2000. Dietary preferences in extant African Bovidae. - J. Mammal. 81: 490-511.
14. Gasaway, W. C. and Coady, J. W. 1974. Review of energy requirements and rumen fermentation in moose and other ruminants. - Nat. Can. 101: 227-262.
15. Geiger, G., Hofmann, R. and König, R. 1977. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen an den Vormägen von Damwild (Cervus dama) und Muffelwild (Ovis ammon musimon). - Säugetierkundl. Mitt. 25: 7-21.
16. Giesecke, D. and Van Gylswyk, N. O. 1975. A study of feeding types and certain rumen functions in six species of South African wild ruminants. - J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 85: 75-83.
17. Gordon, I. J. and Illius, A. W. 1988. Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants. - Funct. Ecol. 2: 15-22.
18. Gordon, I. J. and Illius, A. W. 1994. The functional significance of the browser-grazer dichotomy in African ruminants. - Oecologia 98: 167-175.
19. Gordon, I. J. and Illius, A. W. 1996. The nutritional ecology of African ruminants: a reinterpretation. - J. Anim. Ecol. 65: 18-28.
20. Hanley, T. A. 1982. The nutritional basis for food selection by ungulates. - J. Range Manage. 35: 146-151.
21. Hansen, R. M., Mugambi, M. M. and Bauni, S. M. 1985. Diets and trophic ranking of ungulates of the northern Serengeti. - J. Wildl. Manage. 49: 823-829.
22. Hofmann, R. R. 1969. Zur Topographie und Morphologie des Wiederkäuermagens im Hinblick auf seine Funktion (nach vergleichenden Untersucungen an Material ostafrikanischer Wildarten). - Zbl. Vet. Med. Beiheft 10: 1-180.
23. Hofmann, R. R. 1973. The ruminant stomach. E. Afr. Monogr. in Biol. Vol II. - E. Afr. Literature Bureau, Nairobi, Kenia.
24. Hofmann, R. R. 1982. Morphological classification of sika deer within the comparative system of ruminant feeding types. - Deer 5: 352-353.
25. Hofmann, R. R. 1985. Digestive physiology of the deer - their morphophysiological specialisation and adaptation. - In: Fennessey, P. F., Drew, K. R., (eds), Biology of deer production. - Soc. N. Z., Bull. 22: 393-407.
26. Hofmann, R. R. 1988. Morphophysiological evolutionary adaptations of the ruminant digestive system. - In: Dobson, A. and Dobson, M. J. (eds), Aspects of digestive physiology in ruminants. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca NY, pp. 1-19.
27. Hofmann, R. R. 1989. Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: a comparative view of their digestive system. - Oecologia 78: 443-457.
28. Hofmann, R. R. 1991. Endangered tropical herbivores - their nutritional requirements and habitat demands. - In: Ho, Y. W., Wong, H. K., Abdullah, N. and Tajuddin, Z. A. (eds), Recent advances on the nutrition of herbivores. Malaysia Soc. Animal Production, UPM Serdang., pp. 27-34.
29. Hofmann, R. R. 1999. Functional and comparative digestive system anatomy of Arctic ungulates. - Rangifer 20: 71-81.
30. Hofmann, R. R. and Nygren, K. 1992. Morphophysiological specialization and adaptation of the moose digestive system. - Acles Suppl. 1: 91-100.
31. Hofmann, R. R., Geiger, G. and König, R. 1976. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen an der Vormagenschleimhaut von Rehwild (Capreolus capreolus) und Rotwild (Cervus elaphus). - Z. Säugetierkd 41: 167-193.
32. Hofmann, R. R., Knight, M. H. and Skinner, J. D. 1995. Onstructural characteristics and morphophysiological adaptation of the springbok digestive system. - Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr. 50: 125-142.
33. Hoppe, P. P. 1977. Rumen fermentation and body weight in African ruminants. - In: Peterle, T. J. (ed.), 13th Congr. Game Biol., The Wildlife Society, Washington DC., pp. 141-150.
34. Hoppe, P. P. 1984. Strategies of digestion in African herbivores. - In: Gilchrist, F. M. C. and Mackie, R. I. (eds), Herbivore nutrition in the subtropics and tropics. Science Press, Craighall, South Africa, pp. 222-243.
35. Iason, G. R. and Van Wieren, S. E. 1998. Adaptations of mammalian herbivores to low quality forage. - In: Olff, H., Brown, V. K. and Drent, R. H. (eds), Herbivores, plants and predators. Blackwell Science, pp. 337-369.
36. Illius, A. W. 1997. Physiological adaptation in savanna ungulates. - Proc. Nutr. Soc. 56: 1041-1048.
37. Illius, A. W and Gordon, I. J. 1991. Prediction of intake and digestion in ruminants by a model of rumen kinetics integrating animal size and plant characteristics. - J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 116: 145-157.
38. Illius, A. W. and Gordon, I. J. 1999. The physiological ecology of mammalian herbivory. - In: Jung, H. J. G. and Fahey, G. C. (eds), Nutritional ecology of herbivores. Proc. IVth Int. Symp. Nutr. Herbiv., The Am. Soc. Anim. Sci., pp. 71-96.
39. Janis, C. M. and Ehrhard, D. 1988. Correlation of relative muzzle width and relaive incisor width with dietary preference in ungulates. - Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 92: 267-284.
40. Jarman, P. J. 1974. The social organization of antelope in relation to their ecology. - Behaviour 48: 215-266.
41. Kaske, M., Hatioglu, S. and von Engelhardt, W. 1992. The influence of density and size of particles on rumination and passage from the reticulo-rumen of sheep. - Br. J. Nutr. 67: 235-244.
42. Kay, R. N. B., von Engelhardt, W. and White, R. G. 1980. The digestive physiology of wild ruminants. - In: Ruckebush, Y. (ed.), Digestive physiology and metabolism in ruminants. Lancaster, pp. 743-759.
43. Lamprey, H. F. 1963. Ecological separation of the large mammal species in the Tarangire Game Reserve, Tanganyika. - E. Afr. Wildl. J. 1: 63-92.
44. Langer, P. 1988. The mammalian herbivore stomach. - Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart and New York.
45. Lechner-Doll, M., Kaske, M. and von Engelhardt, W. 1991. Factors affecting the mean retention time of particles in the forestomach of ruminants and camelids. - In: Tsuda, T., Saaski, Y. and Kawashima, R. (eds), Physiological aspects of digestion and metabolism in ruminants. Academic Press, pp. 455-482.
46. Maloiy, G. M. O., Clemens, E. T. and Kamau, J. M. Z. 1982. Aspects of digestion and in vitro rumen fermentation rate in six species of East African wild ruminants. - J. Zool. Lond. 197: 345-353.
47. Mathiesen, S. D., Sørmo, W., Haga, Ø. E. et al. 2000. The oral anatomy of Arctic ruminants: coping with seasonal changes. - J. Zool. Lond. 251: 119-128.
48. Owen-Smith, N. 1982. Factors influencing the consumption of plant products by large herbivores. - In: Huntley, B. J. and Walker, B. H. (eds), Ecology of tropical savannas. Springer, pp. 359-404.
49. Owen-Smith, N. 1992. Grazers and browsers: ecological and social contrasts among African ruminants. - In: Spitz, F. (ed.), "Ongulés 91": Proc. Int. Symp. "Ongulés/Ungulates 91", Toulouse, France, Sept 2-6; Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères, Paris., pp. 175-181.
50. Owen-Smith, N. 1997. Distinctive features of the nutritional ecology of browsing versus grazing ruminants. - Proc. 1st Int. Symp. Physiol. Ethol. Wild and Zoo Anim., Gustav Fischer, Berlin., pp. 176-191.
51. Parra, R. 1978. Comparison of foregut and hindgut fermentation in herbivores. - In: Montgomery, G. G. (ed.), The ecology of arboreal folivores. Smithsonian Inst. Press, pp. 205-230.
52. Pérez-Barbería, F. J. and Gordon, I. J. 1999. The relative roles of phylogeny, body size and feeding style on the activity time of temperate ruminants: a reanalysis. - Oecologia 120: 193-197.
53. Pérez-Barbería, F. J. and Gordon, I. J. 2001. Relationships between oral morphology and feeding style in the Ungulata: a phylogenetically controlled evaluation. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 268: 1023-1032.
54. Pérez-Barbería, F. J., Gordon, I. J. and Illius, A. W. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of stomach adatation in digestive strategies in African ruminants. - Oecologia 129: 498-508.
55. Prins, R. A. and Geelen, M. J. H. 1971. Rumen characteristics of red deer, fallow deer, and roe deer. - J. Wildl. Manage. 35: 673-680.
56. Prins, R. A. and Kreulen, D. A. 1991. Comparative aspects of plant cell wall digestion in mammals. - In: Hoshino, S., Onodera, R., Minoto, H. and Itabashi, H. (eds), The rumen ecosystem: the microbial metabolism and its regulation. Jpn. Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo, pp. 109-121.
57. Prins, R. A., Lankhorst, A. and Van Houven, W. 1984. Gastrointestinal fermentation in herbivores and the extent of plant cell-wall digestion. - In: Gilchrist, F. M. C. and Mackie, R. I. (eds), Herbivore nutrition in the subtropics and tropics. Science Press, Craighall, South Africa, pp. 403-434.
58. Renecker, L. A. and Hudson, R. J. 1990. Digestive kinetics of moose, wapiti and cattle. - Anim. Prod. 50: 51-61.
59. Robbins, C. T., Spalinger, D. E. and Van Houven, W. 1995. Adaptations of ruminants to browse and grass diets: are anatomical-based browser-grazer interpretations valid? - Oecologia 103: 208-213.
60. Rowell-Schäfer, A., Lechner-Doll, M., Hofmann, R. R. et al. 2001. Metabolic evidence of a 'rumen bypass' or a 'ruminal escape' of nutrients in roe deer. - Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 128A: 289-298.
61. Solounias, N., Moelleken, S. M. C and Plavcan, J. M. 1995. Predicting the diet of extinct bovids using masseteric morphology. - J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 15: 795-805.
62. Spalinger, D. E., Robbins, C. T. and Hanley, T. A. 1986. The assessment of handling time in ruminants: The effect of plant chemical and physical structure on the rate of breakdown of plant particles in the rumen of mule deer and elk. Can. J. Zool. 64: 312-321.
63. Spalinger, D. E., Robbins, C. T. and Hanley, T. A. 1993. Adaptive rumen function in elk and mule deer. - Can. J. Zool. 71: 601-610.
64. Spencer, L. M. 1995. Morphological correlates of dietary resource partitioning in the African Bovidae. - J. Mammal. 76: 448-471.
65. Staaland, H., Jacobsen, E. and White, R. G. 1979. Comparison of the digestive tract in Svalbard and Norwegian reindeer. - Arctic Alpine Res. 11: 457-466.
66. Stöckmann, W. 1979. Differences in the shape of the mandibles of African Bovidae in relation to food composition. - Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 106: 344-373.
67. Sutherland, T. 1988. Particle separation in the forestomach of sheep. - In: Dobson, A. and Dobson, M. J. (eds), Aspects of digestive physiology in ruminants. Cornell Univ. Press, pp. 43-73.
68. Talbot, L. M. and Talbot, M. H. 1962. Food preferences of some East African ungulates. - E. Afr. Agric. J. 27: 131-137.
69. Troelsen, J. E. and Campbell, J. B. 1968. Voluntary consumption of forage by sheep and its relation to the size and shape of the particles in the digestive tract. - Anim. Prod. 10: 289-296.
70. Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant, 2nd ed. - Cornell Univ. Press.
71. Van Soest, P. J., Dierenfeld, E. S. and Conklin, N. L. 1995. Digestive strategies and limitations of ruminants. - Proc. Int. Symp. Ruminant Physiol. 8: 581-600.
72. Van Wieren, S. E. 1996a. Browsers and grazers: foraging strategies in ruminants. - In: Digestive strategies in ruminants and nonruminants. Thesis Landbouw Universiteit Wageningen, Netherlands., pp. 119-145.
73. Van Wieren, S. E. 1996b. Nutrient extraction from mixed grass-browse diets by goats and sheep. - In: Digestive strategies in ruminants and nonruminants. Thesis Landbouw Universiteit Wageningen, Netherlands., pp. 67-80.
74. Van Zyl, J. H. M. 1965. The vegetation of the S.A. Lombard Nature Reserve and its utilization by certain antelope. - Zool. Afr. 1: 55-71.