메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 18-28

The nutritional ecology of African ruminants: A reinterpretation

Author keywords

Browser grazer; Digestive strategy; Model; Rumen; Ruminant

Indexed keywords

BODY MASS; BROWSING; DIET QUALITY; DIGESTIBILITY; ENERGY ASSIMILATION; GRAZING; NICHE SEPARATION; NUTRITION; RUMEN; RUMINANT; TANNIN;

EID: 0029731781     PISSN: 00218790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/5696     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (90)

References (71)
  • 1
  • 2
    • 0024004594 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of rumen water kinetics and effects of rumen pH changes
    • Argyle, J.L. & Baldwin, R.L. (1988) Modeling of rumen water kinetics and effects of rumen pH changes. Journal of Dairy Science, 71, 1178-1188.
    • (1988) Journal of Dairy Science , vol.71 , pp. 1178-1188
    • Argyle, J.L.1    Baldwin, R.L.2
  • 3
    • 0023470273 scopus 로고
    • Strategies of digestion: Digestive efficiency and retention time of forage diets in montane ungulates
    • Baker, D.L. & Hobbs, N.T. (1987) Strategies of digestion: digestive efficiency and retention time of forage diets in montane ungulates. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 1978-1984.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.65 , pp. 1978-1984
    • Baker, D.L.1    Hobbs, N.T.2
  • 4
    • 0010151768 scopus 로고
    • Energetic relationships in the formation of fermentation end-products
    • (ed. A.T. Phillipson), Oriel Press, Newcastle upon Tyne
    • Baldwin, R.L., Lucas, H.L. & Cabrera, R. (1970) Energetic relationships in the formation of fermentation end-products. Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant (ed. A.T. Phillipson), pp. 319-334. Oriel Press, Newcastle upon Tyne.
    • (1970) Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant , pp. 319-334
    • Baldwin, R.L.1    Lucas, H.L.2    Cabrera, R.3
  • 5
    • 0021213992 scopus 로고
    • The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. II. Quantitative digestion of carbohydrates and proteins
    • Barry, T.N. & Manley, T.R. (1984) The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. II. Quantitative digestion of carbohydrates and proteins. British Journal of Nutrition, 51, 493-504.
    • (1984) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.51 , pp. 493-504
    • Barry, T.N.1    Manley, T.R.2
  • 6
    • 0011600094 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the effects of rumen function on the flow of nutrients from the stomach of sheep. II. Assessment of computer predictions
    • Beever, D.E., Black, J.L. & Faichney, G.J. (1980-81) Simulation of the effects of rumen function on the flow of nutrients from the stomach of sheep. II. Assessment of computer predictions Agricultural Systems, 6, 221-241.
    • (1980) Agricultural Systems , vol.6 , pp. 221-241
    • Beever, D.E.1    Black, J.L.2    Faichney, G.J.3
  • 8
    • 0003065401 scopus 로고
    • A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti
    • Bell, R.H.V. (1971) A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti. Scientific American, 224, 86-93.
    • (1971) Scientific American , vol.224 , pp. 86-93
    • Bell, R.H.V.1
  • 9
    • 0011978826 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the effects of rumen function on the flow of nutrients from the stomach of sheep. I. Description of a computer program
    • Black, J.L., Beever, D.E., Faichney, G.J., Howarth, B.R. & Graham, N.McC. (1980-81) Simulation of the effects of rumen function on the flow of nutrients from the stomach of sheep. I. Description of a computer program. Agricultural Systems, 6, 195-219.
    • (1980) Agricultural Systems , vol.6 , pp. 195-219
    • Black, J.L.1    Beever, D.E.2    Faichney, G.J.3    Howarth, B.R.4    Graham, N.McC.5
  • 11
    • 0342311960 scopus 로고
    • Nutritive content of sheep, goat, and white-tailed deer diets on excellent condition rangeland in Texas
    • Bryant, F.C., Kothmann, M.M. & Merrill, L.B. (1980) Nutritive content of sheep, goat, and white-tailed deer diets on excellent condition rangeland in Texas. Journal of Range Management, 33, 410-414.
    • (1980) Journal of Range Management , vol.33 , pp. 410-414
    • Bryant, F.C.1    Kothmann, M.M.2    Merrill, L.B.3
  • 13
    • 0018659497 scopus 로고
    • Optimal body size and an animal's diet
    • Case, T.J. (1979) Optimal body size and an animal's diet. Acta Biotheoretica, 28, 54-69.
    • (1979) Acta Biotheoretica , vol.28 , pp. 54-69
    • Case, T.J.1
  • 15
    • 0022836198 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal nutritional characteristics of livestock diets in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem
    • Coppock, D.L., Swift, D.M. & Ellis, J.E. (1986) Seasonal nutritional characteristics of livestock diets in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem. Journal of Applied Ecology, 23, 585-595.
    • (1986) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 585-595
    • Coppock, D.L.1    Swift, D.M.2    Ellis, J.E.3
  • 16
    • 0002962905 scopus 로고
    • Browsers and grazers: Constraints on feeding ecology imposed by gut morphology and body size
    • (eds O.P. Santana, A.G. da Silva & W.C. Foote), Departamento de Difusao de Techologia, Brazilia
    • Demment, M.W. & Longhurst, W.M. (1987) Browsers and grazers: constraints on feeding ecology imposed by gut morphology and body size. Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Goats (eds O.P. Santana, A.G. da Silva & W.C. Foote), pp. 989-1004. Departamento de Difusao de Techologia, Brazilia.
    • (1987) Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Goats , pp. 989-1004
    • Demment, M.W.1    Longhurst, W.M.2
  • 17
    • 0027502214 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of lactating dairy cows as influenced by volatile fatty acid concentration, pH and rumen liquid volume
    • Dijkstra, J., Boer, H., van Bruchem, J., Bruining, M. & Tamminga, S. (1993) Absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of lactating dairy cows as influenced by volatile fatty acid concentration, pH and rumen liquid volume. British Journal of Nutrition, 69, 385-396.
    • (1993) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.69 , pp. 385-396
    • Dijkstra, J.1    Boer, H.2    Van Bruchem, J.3    Bruining, M.4    Tamminga, S.5
  • 18
    • 84990106368 scopus 로고
    • Competition and niche separation in a high altitude herbivore community in Ethiopia
    • Dunbar, R.I.M. (1978) Competition and niche separation in a high altitude herbivore community in Ethiopia. East African Wildlife Journal, 16, 183-199.
    • (1978) East African Wildlife Journal , vol.16 , pp. 183-199
    • Dunbar, R.I.M.1
  • 20
    • 0001512231 scopus 로고
    • Are rumen samples representative of diet?
    • Gaare, E., Sørensen, A. & White, R.G. (1977) Are rumen samples representative of diet? Oikos, 29, 390-395.
    • (1977) Oikos , vol.29 , pp. 390-395
    • Gaare, E.1    Sørensen, A.2    White, R.G.3
  • 21
    • 77957217928 scopus 로고
    • On the relationship of social evolution and ecology in ungulates
    • Geist, V. (1974) On the relationship of social evolution and ecology in ungulates. American Zoologist, 14, 205-220.
    • (1974) American Zoologist , vol.14 , pp. 205-220
    • Geist, V.1
  • 22
    • 0012686872 scopus 로고
    • A study of feeding types and certain rumen functions in six species of South African wild ruminants
    • Giesecke, D. & van Gylswyk, N.O. (1975) A study of feeding types and certain rumen functions in six species of South African wild ruminants. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 85, 75-83.
    • (1975) Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) , vol.85 , pp. 75-83
    • Giesecke, D.1    Van Gylswyk, N.O.2
  • 23
    • 0024895498 scopus 로고
    • Resource partitioning by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum
    • Gordon, I.J. & Illius, A.W. (1989) Resource partitioning by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. Oecologia, 79, 383-389.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.79 , pp. 383-389
    • Gordon, I.J.1    Illius, A.W.2
  • 24
    • 0028165324 scopus 로고
    • The functional significance of the browser grazer dichotomy in African ruminants
    • Gordon, I.J. & Illius, A.W. (1994) The functional significance of the browser grazer dichotomy in African ruminants. Oecologia, 98, 167-175
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.98 , pp. 167-175
    • Gordon, I.J.1    Illius, A.W.2
  • 25
    • 0021557799 scopus 로고
    • Habitat patches and their selection by wapiti and black-tailed deer in coastal montane coniferous forest
    • Hanley, T.A. (1984) Habitat patches and their selection by wapiti and black-tailed deer in coastal montane coniferous forest. Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 423-436.
    • (1984) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 423-436
    • Hanley, T.A.1
  • 27
    • 0021033635 scopus 로고
    • Comparative nutritional ecology of montane ungulates during winter
    • Hobbs, N.T., Baker, D.L. & Gill, R.B. (1983) Comparative nutritional ecology of montane ungulates during winter. Journal of Wildlife Management, 47, 1-16.
    • (1983) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.47 , pp. 1-16
    • Hobbs, N.T.1    Baker, D.L.2    Gill, R.B.3
  • 29
    • 0024875485 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary steps of ecophysiologcal adaptation and diversification of ruminants. a comparative view of their digestive system
    • Hofmann, R.R. (1989) Evolutionary steps of ecophysiologcal adaptation and diversification of ruminants. A comparative view of their digestive system. Oecologia, 78, 443-457.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.78 , pp. 443-457
    • Hofmann, R.R.1
  • 30
    • 0001360980 scopus 로고
    • Grazer or browser: A classification based on the stomach structure and feeding habits of East African ruminants
    • Hofmann, R.R. & Stewart, D.R.M. (1972) Grazer or browser: a classification based on the stomach structure and feeding habits of East African ruminants. Mammalia, 36, 226-240.
    • (1972) Mammalia , vol.36 , pp. 226-240
    • Hofmann, R.R.1    Stewart, D.R.M.2
  • 31
    • 0038139917 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fermentation and body weight in African ruminants
    • (ed. T.J. Peterle), The Wildlife Society, Washington, DC
    • Hoppe, P.P. (1977) Rumen fermentation and body weight in African ruminants. Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Game Biologists (ed. T.J. Peterle), pp. 141-150. The Wildlife Society, Washington, DC.
    • (1977) Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Game Biologists , pp. 141-150
    • Hoppe, P.P.1
  • 32
    • 84974269581 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African sheep, goats, Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle and impala
    • Hoppe, P.P., Qvortrup, S.A. & Woodford, M.H. (1977a) Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African sheep, goats, Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle and impala. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 89, 129-135.
    • (1977) Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) , vol.89 , pp. 129-135
    • Hoppe, P.P.1    Qvortrup, S.A.2    Woodford, M.H.3
  • 33
    • 84985387021 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African zebu cattle, wildebeest, Coke's hartebeest and topi
    • Hoppe, P.P., Qvortrup, S.A. & Woodford, M.H. (1977b) Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African zebu cattle, wildebeest, Coke's hartebeest and topi. Journal of Zoology (London), 181, 1-9.
    • (1977) Journal of Zoology (London) , vol.181 , pp. 1-9
    • Hoppe, P.P.1    Qvortrup, S.A.2    Woodford, M.H.3
  • 35
    • 5544302072 scopus 로고
    • Feed utilization and digestion in the black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou, Zimmerman, 1780) in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park
    • van Hoven, W. & Broomker, E.A. (1981) Feed utilization and digestion in the black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou, Zimmerman, 1780) in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 11, 35-40.
    • (1981) South African Journal of Wildlife Research , vol.11 , pp. 35-40
    • Van Hoven, W.1    Broomker, E.A.2
  • 36
    • 0023510582 scopus 로고
    • The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants
    • Illius, A.W. & Gordon, I.J. (1987) The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, 989-999.
    • (1987) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.56 , pp. 989-999
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 37
    • 84974230615 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of intake and digestion of ruminants by a model of rumen kinetics integrating animal size and plant characteristics
    • Illius, A.W. & Gordon, I.J. (1991) Prediction of intake and digestion of ruminants by a model of rumen kinetics integrating animal size and plant characteristics. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 116, 145-157.
    • (1991) Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) , vol.116 , pp. 145-157
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 38
    • 0027088924 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores: Evolution of body size and competitive interactions
    • Illius, A.W. & Gordon, I.J. (1992) Modelling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores: evolution of body size and competitive interactions. Oecologia, 89, 428-434.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.89 , pp. 428-434
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 39
    • 0001678381 scopus 로고
    • Diet selection in mammalian herbivores: Constraints and tactics
    • (ed. R.N. Hughes), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
    • Illius, A.W. & Gordon, I.J. (1993) Diet selection in mammalian herbivores: constraints and tactics. Diet Selection. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Foraging Behaviour (ed. R.N. Hughes), pp. 157-181 Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
    • (1993) Diet Selection. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Foraging Behaviour , pp. 157-181
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 40
    • 0016573098 scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of energy utilization by mixed rumen bacteria in continuous culture
    • Isaacson, H.R., Hinds, F.C., Bryant, M.P. & Owens, F.N. (1975) Efficiency of energy utilization by mixed rumen bacteria in continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science, 58, 1645-1659.
    • (1975) Journal of Dairy Science , vol.58 , pp. 1645-1659
    • Isaacson, H.R.1    Hinds, F.C.2    Bryant, M.P.3    Owens, F.N.4
  • 41
    • 0028563988 scopus 로고
    • Modelling equid/ruminant competition: What happened to the North American browsing horses?
    • Janis, C., Gordon, I.J. & Illius, A.W. (1994) Modelling equid/ruminant competition: what happened to the North American browsing horses? Historical Biology, 8, 15-29.
    • (1994) Historical Biology , vol.8 , pp. 15-29
    • Janis, C.1    Gordon, I.J.2    Illius, A.W.3
  • 42
    • 84966002657 scopus 로고
    • The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology
    • Jarman, P.J. (1974) The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour, 48, 215-267.
    • (1974) Behaviour , vol.48 , pp. 215-267
    • Jarman, P.J.1
  • 43
    • 0002829189 scopus 로고
    • Feeding strategy and the pattern of resource partitioning in ungulates
    • (eds A.R.E. Sinclair & M. Norton-Griffiths), Chicago University Press, Chicago
    • Jarman, P.J. & Sinclair, A.R.E. (1979) Feeding strategy and the pattern of resource partitioning in ungulates. Serengeti, Dynamics of an Ecosystem (eds A.R.E. Sinclair & M. Norton-Griffiths), pp. 130-166. Chicago University Press, Chicago.
    • (1979) Serengeti, Dynamics of an Ecosystem , pp. 130-166
    • Jarman, P.J.1    Sinclair, A.R.E.2
  • 44
    • 0002576375 scopus 로고
    • Nutritive quality of forage
    • (eds J.B. Hacker & J.H. Ternouth), Academic Press, Sydney, Australia
    • Jones, D.I.H. & Wilson, A. (1987) Nutritive quality of forage. The Nutrition of Herbivores (eds J.B. Hacker & J.H. Ternouth), pp. 65-90, Academic Press, Sydney, Australia.
    • (1987) The Nutrition of Herbivores , pp. 65-90
    • Jones, D.I.H.1    Wilson, A.2
  • 45
    • 0003422374 scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Lawes Agricultural Trust (1988) Genstat 5 Reference Manual. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1988) Genstat 5 Reference Manual
  • 46
    • 0001310457 scopus 로고
    • The effect of basal diet on the ruminal degradation of dry matter, nitrogenous compounds and cell walls in nylon bags
    • Lindberg, J.E. (1981) The effect of basal diet on the ruminal degradation of dry matter, nitrogenous compounds and cell walls in nylon bags. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research, 11, 159-169.
    • (1981) Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research , vol.11 , pp. 159-169
    • Lindberg, J.E.1
  • 47
    • 0027139424 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional effects and costs of a tannin in a grazing and browsing macropodid marsupial herbivore
    • McArthur, C. & Sanson, G.D. (1993) Nutritional effects and costs of a tannin in a grazing and browsing macropodid marsupial herbivore. Functional Ecology, 7, 690-696.
    • (1993) Functional Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 690-696
    • McArthur, C.1    Sanson, G.D.2
  • 48
    • 0037802271 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of digestion and in vitro rumen fermentation rate in six species of East African wild ruminants
    • Maloiy, G.M.O., Clemens, E.T. & Kamau, J.M.Z. (1982) Aspects of digestion and in vitro rumen fermentation rate in six species of East African wild ruminants. Journal of Zoology (London), 197, 345-353.
    • (1982) Journal of Zoology (London) , vol.197 , pp. 345-353
    • Maloiy, G.M.O.1    Clemens, E.T.2    Kamau, J.M.Z.3
  • 49
    • 0041682260 scopus 로고
    • Principles governing the use of chemical methods for assessing the nutritive value of forages - A review
    • Osbourn, D.F. (1978) Principles governing the use of chemical methods for assessing the nutritive value of forages - a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 3, 265-275.
    • (1978) Animal Feed Science and Technology , vol.3 , pp. 265-275
    • Osbourn, D.F.1
  • 50
    • 0001161890 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the consumption of plant products by large herbivores
    • (eds B.J. Huntley & B.H. Walker) Ecological Studies, Springer, Berlin
    • Owen-Smith, N. (1982) Factors influencing the consumption of plant products by large herbivores. The Ecology of Tropical Savannas (eds B.J. Huntley & B.H. Walker) Ecological Studies, Vol. 42, pp 359-404. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1982) The Ecology of Tropical Savannas , vol.42 , pp. 359-404
    • Owen-Smith, N.1
  • 51
    • 0000474861 scopus 로고
    • Niche separation among African ungulates
    • (eds E.S. Vrba) Transvaal Museum Monograph no. 4, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria
    • Owen-Smith, N. (1985) Niche separation among African ungulates. Species and Speciation (eds E.S. Vrba) Transvaal Museum Monograph no. 4, pp. 167-171. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria.
    • (1985) Species and Speciation , pp. 167-171
    • Owen-Smith, N.1
  • 52
    • 0024875034 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional ecology of a browsing ruminant, the kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), through the seasonal cycle
    • Owen-Smith, N. & Cooper, S.M. (1989) Nutritional ecology of a browsing ruminant, the kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), through the seasonal cycle. Journal of Zoology (London), 219, 29-43.
    • (1989) Journal of Zoology (London) , vol.219 , pp. 29-43
    • Owen-Smith, N.1    Cooper, S.M.2
  • 53
    • 84970610297 scopus 로고
    • Studies of cattle and sheep eating leaf and stem fractions of grasses. I. The voluntary intake, digestibility and retention time in the reticulo-rumen
    • Poppi, D. P., Minson, D.J. & Ternouth, J.H. (1980) Studies of cattle and sheep eating leaf and stem fractions of grasses. I. The voluntary intake, digestibility and retention time in the reticulo-rumen. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 32, 99-108.
    • (1980) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , vol.32 , pp. 99-108
    • Poppi, D.P.1    Minson, D.J.2    Ternouth, J.H.3
  • 54
    • 84970558536 scopus 로고
    • Studies of cattle and sheep eating leaf and stem fractions of grasses. II. Factors controlling the retention of feed in the reticulorumen
    • Poppi, D.P., Minson, D.J. & Ternouth, J.H. (1981) Studies of cattle and sheep eating leaf and stem fractions of grasses. II. Factors controlling the retention of feed in the reticulorumen. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 32, 109-121.
    • (1981) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , vol.32 , pp. 109-121
    • Poppi, D.P.1    Minson, D.J.2    Ternouth, J.H.3
  • 55
    • 0038020742 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal fermentation in herbivores and the extent of plant cell-wall digestion
    • (eds F.M.C. Gilchirst & R.J. Mackic), The Science Press, Craighall, South Africa
    • Prins, R.A., Lankhorst, A. & van Hoven, W. (1984) Gastrointestinal fermentation in herbivores and the extent of plant cell-wall digestion. Herbivores Nutrition in the Subtropics and Tropics (eds F.M.C. Gilchirst & R.J. Mackic), pp. 408-434. The Science Press, Craighall, South Africa.
    • (1984) Herbivores Nutrition in the Subtropics and Tropics , pp. 408-434
    • Prins, R.A.1    Lankhorst, A.2    Van Hoven, W.3
  • 56
    • 0016514359 scopus 로고
    • Rumen modelling: Rumen input output balance models
    • Reichl, J.R. & Baldwin, R.L. (1975) Rumen modelling: rumen input output balance models. Journal of Dairy Science, 58, 879-890.
    • (1975) Journal of Dairy Science , vol.58 , pp. 879-890
    • Reichl, J.R.1    Baldwin, R.L.2
  • 59
    • 0026305374 scopus 로고
    • Variation in mammalian physiological responses to a condensed tannin and its ecological implications
    • Robbins, C.T., Hagerman, A.E., Austin, P.J., McArthur, C. & Hanley, T.A. (1991) Variation in mammalian physiological responses to a condensed tannin and its ecological implications. Journal of Mammalogy, 72, 480-486.
    • (1991) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.72 , pp. 480-486
    • Robbins, C.T.1    Hagerman, A.E.2    Austin, P.J.3    McArthur, C.4    Hanley, T.A.5
  • 61
    • 0023468679 scopus 로고
    • Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: Reduction in dry matter digestion?
    • Robbins, C.T., Mole, S., Hagerman, A.E. & Hanley, T.A. (1987b) Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: reduction in dry matter digestion? Ecology, 68, 1606-1615.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1606-1615
    • Robbins, C.T.1    Mole, S.2    Hagerman, A.E.3    Hanley, T.A.4
  • 62
    • 0000452938 scopus 로고
    • Feeding ecology and niche separation in some native and domestic ungulates on the shortgrass prairie
    • Schwartz, C.C. & Ellis, J.E. (1981) Feeding ecology and niche separation in some native and domestic ungulates on the shortgrass prairie. Journal of Applied Ecology, 18, 343-353.
    • (1981) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 343-353
    • Schwartz, C.C.1    Ellis, J.E.2
  • 63
    • 0000014673 scopus 로고
    • The adaptations of African ungulates and their effects on community function
    • (ed F. Bourlier), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Sinclair, A.R.E. (1983) The adaptations of African ungulates and their effects on community function. Ecosystems of the World 13: Tropical Savannas (ed F. Bourlier), pp. 401-426. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1983) Ecosystems of the World 13: Tropical Savannas , pp. 401-426
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1
  • 64
    • 85025800284 scopus 로고
    • Rate and extent of digestion and potentially digestible dry matter and cell wall of various tree leaves
    • Singh, B., Makker, H.P.S. & Negi, S.S. (1989) Rate and extent of digestion and potentially digestible dry matter and cell wall of various tree leaves. Journal of Dairy Science, 72, 3233-3239.
    • (1989) Journal of Dairy Science , vol.72 , pp. 3233-3239
    • Singh, B.1    Makker, H.P.S.2    Negi, S.S.3
  • 65
    • 0017008986 scopus 로고
    • Influence of acidosis on rumen function
    • Slyter, L.L. (1976) Influence of acidosis on rumen function. Journal of Animal Science, 43, 910-929.
    • (1976) Journal of Animal Science , vol.43 , pp. 910-929
    • Slyter, L.L.1
  • 66
    • 0000603873 scopus 로고
    • Relationships of forage compositions with rates of cell wall digestion and indigestibility of cell walls
    • Smith, L.W., Goering, H.K. & Gordon, C.H. (1972) Relationships of forage compositions with rates of cell wall digestion and indigestibility of cell walls. Journal of Dairy Science, 55, 1140-1147.
    • (1972) Journal of Dairy Science , vol.55 , pp. 1140-1147
    • Smith, L.W.1    Goering, H.K.2    Gordon, C.H.3
  • 69
    • 0021052303 scopus 로고
    • The nutritive value of rumen microrganisms in ruminants. III. The digestion of microbial amino and nucleic acids in, and losses of endogenous nitrogen from, the small intestine of sheep
    • Storm, E., Brown, D.S. & Orskov, E.R. (1983) The nutritive value of rumen microrganisms in ruminants. III. The digestion of microbial amino and nucleic acids in, and losses of endogenous nitrogen from, the small intestine of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition, 50, 479-485.
    • (1983) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.50 , pp. 479-485
    • Storm, E.1    Brown, D.S.2    Orskov, E.R.3
  • 70
    • 0021034057 scopus 로고
    • Foraging patterns and their multiplier effect on productivity of northern ungulates
    • White, R.G. (1983) Foraging patterns and their multiplier effect on productivity of northern ungulates. Oikos, 49, 377-384.
    • (1983) Oikos , vol.49 , pp. 377-384
    • White, R.G.1
  • 71
    • 0024894545 scopus 로고
    • The influence of polyphenolics on the nutritive value of browse: A summary of research conducted at ILCA
    • Woodward, A. & Reed, J.D. (1989) The influence of polyphenolics on the nutritive value of browse: a summary of research conducted at ILCA. ILCA Bulletin, 35, 2-11.
    • (1989) ILCA Bulletin , vol.35 , pp. 2-11
    • Woodward, A.1    Reed, J.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.