A Mid Devonian seed-megaspore from East Greenland and the origin of the seed plants

Palaeontology

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 647-670

  Marshall, John E A ^a   Hemsley, Alan R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Devonian; Functionally bisexual sporangium; Greenland; Heterospory; Ovule evolution; Seed megaspore

Indexed keywords

DEVONIAN; MORPHOLOGY; NEW SPECIES; REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY; SEED; SPORE;

EAST GREENLAND; GREENLAND;

ARCHAEOPTERIDALES; ARCHAEOSPERMA ARNOLDII; ENTOVALVA; SPERMASPORITES; SPERMASPORITES ALLENII; SPERMASPORITES DEVONICUS; SPERMATOPHYTA;

EID: 0043166433     PISSN: 00310239     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1475-4983.00314     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. ALLEN, K. C. 1965. Lower and Middle Devonian spores of north and central Vestspitsbergen. Palaeontology, 8, 687-748.
2. ALLEN, K. C. 1972. Devonian megaspores from East Greenland: their bearing on the development of certain trends. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 14, 7-17.
3. ALLEN, K. C. 1980. A review of in situ Late Silurian and Devonian spores. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 29, 253-270.
4. ANDREWS, H. N., GENSEL, P. G. and FORBES, W. H. 1974. An apparently heterosporous plant from the Middle Devonian of New Brunswick. Palaeontology, 17, 1-9.
5. ARNOLD, C. A. 1939. Observations on fossil plants from the Devonian of eastern North America. IV. Plant remains from the Catskill Delta deposits of northern Pennsylvania and southern New York. Contribution of the Museum of Palaeontology, University of Michigan, 5, 271-313.
6. AVKHIMOVITCH, V. I., TCHIBRIKOVA, E. V., OBUKHOVSKAYA, T. G., NAZARENKO, A. M., UMNOVA, V. T., RASKATOVA, L. G., MANTSUROVA, V. N., LOBOZIAK, S. and STREEL, M. 1993. Middle and Upper Devonian miospore zonation of Eastern Europe. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine, 17, 79-147.
7. BALME, B. E. 1995. Fossil in situ spores and pollen grains: an annotated catalogue. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 87, 81-323.
8. BATEMAN, R. M. and DIMICHELE, W. A. 1994. Heterospory: the most iterative key innovation in the evolutionary history of the plant kingdom. Biological Reviews, 69, 345-417.
9. BECK, C. B. and WIGHT, D. C. 1988. Progymnosperms. 1-84. In BECK, C. B. (ed.). Origin and evolution of gymnosperms. Columbia University Press, New York, 504 pp.
10. BRAUER, D. F. 1980. Barinophyton citrulliforme (Barinophytales incertae sedis, Barinophytaceae) from the Upper Devonian of Pennsylvania. American Journal of Botany, 67, 1186-1206.
11. CHALONER, W. G. and HEMSLEY, A. R. 1991. Heterospory: cul-de-sac or pathway to the seed? 151-167. In BLACKMORE, S. and BARNES, S. H. (eds). Pollen and spores, patterns of diversification. Systematics Association, Special Volume, 44, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 391 pp.
12. CHALONER, W. G. and PETTITT J. M. 1964. A seed megaspore from the Devonian of Canada. Palaeontology, 7, 29-36.
13. CHALONER, W. G. and PETTITT J. M. 1987. The inevitable seed. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 134, 39-49.
14. CHALONER, W. G. and RICHARDSON, J. B. 1977. South-east England. 26-40. In HOUSE, M. R., RICHARDSON, J. B., CHALONER, W. G., ALLEN, J. R. L., HOLLAND, C. H. and WESTOLL, T. S. (eds). A correlation of the Devonian rocks in the British Isles. Special Report of the Geological Society, London, 7, 110 pp.
15. CLOUTIER, R., LOBOZIAK, S., CANDILIER, A.-M. and BLIECK, A. 1996. Biostratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation, eastern Quebec, Canada: a comparative study based on miospores and fishes. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 93, 191-215.
16. DAWSON, J. W. 1871. The fossil plants of the Devonian and Upper Silurian formations of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Montreal, 92 pp.
17. DIMICHELE, W. A., DAVIS, J. J. and OLMSTEAD, R. G. 1989. Origins of heterospory and the seed habit: the role of heterochrony. Taxon, 38, 1-11.
18. FAIRON-DEMARET, M. 1996. Dorinnotheca streelii Fairon-Demaret, gen. et sp. nov., a new early seed plant from the Upper Famennian of Belgium. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 93, 217-233.
19. FAIRON-DEMARET, M. and SCHECKLER, S. E. 1987. Typification and redescription of Moresnetia zalesskyi Stockmans, 1948, an early seed plant from the Upper Famennian of Belgium. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 57, 183-199.
20. FLETCHER, A. E. J. 1976. Investigations on Devonian megaspores. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bristol, 207 pp.
21. FRIEND, P. F., ALEXANDER-MARRACK, P. D., ALLEN, K. C., NICHOLSON, J. and YEATS, A. K. 1983. Devonian sediments of East Greenland VI. Review of results. Meddelelser om Grønland, 206, 1-96.
22. GENSEL, P. G. and ANDREWS, H. N. 1984. Plant life in the Devonian. Praeger, New York, 80 pp.
23. GILLESPIE, W. H., ROTHWELL, G. W. and SCHECKLER, S. E. 1981. The earliest seeds. Nature, 293, 462-464.
24. HEMSLEY, A. R. 1990. The ultrastructure of the exine of the megaspores in two Palaeozoic seed-like structures. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 63, 137-152.
25. HEMSLEY, A. R. 1993. A review of Palaeozoic seed megaspores. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 229, 135-166.
26. HEMSLEY, A. R. and GLASSPOOL, I. J. 1999. Megaspore ultrastructure. 121-125. In JONES, T. P. and ROWE, N. P. (eds). Fossil plants and spores: modern techniques. Geological Society, London, 396 pp.
27. HILTON, J. 1998a. Review of the fossil evidence for the origin and earliest evolution of the seed-plants. Acta Botanica Sinica, 40, 981-987.
28. HILTON, J. 1998b. Spermatophyte preovules from the basal Carboniferous of the Avon Gorge, Bristol. Palaeontology, 41, 1077-1091.
29. HILTON, J. and EDWARDS, D. 1999. New data on Xenotheca devonica Arber and Goode, an enigmatic early seed plant cupule with preovules. 75-90. In KURMAN, M. H. and HEMSLEY, A. R. (eds). The evolution of plant architecture. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 550 pp.
30. HøEG, O. A. 1942. The Downtonian and Devonian flora of Spitsbergen. Norges Svalbard-og Ishavs-Undersøkelser, 83, 1-229.
31. KENRICK, P. R. and CRANE, P. R. 1997. The origin and early diversification of land plants: a cladistic study. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 441 pp.
32. LOBOZIAK, S., STREEL, M. and WEDDIGE, K. 1991. Miospores, the lemurata and triangulatus levels and their faunal indices near the Eifelian/Givetian boundary in the Eifel (F.R.G.). Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, 113, 299-313.
33. MALEC, J. and TURNAU, E. 1997. Middle Devonian conodont, ostracod and miospore stratigraphy of the Grzegorzowice-Skaly section, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Earth Science, 45, 67-86.
34. MARSHALL, J. E. A. 1996. Rhabdosporites langii, Geminospora lemurata and Contagisporites optivus: an origin for heterospory in the progymnosperms. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 93, 159-189.
35. MARSHALL, J. E. A. 1998. The recognition of multiple hydrocarbon generation episodes: an example from Devonian lacustrine sedimentary rocks in the Inner Moray Firth, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 155, 335-352.
36. MARSHALL, J. E. A. and HEMSLEY, A. R. 1999. The earliest known Devonian seed-megaspore. The Palaeontological Association Newsletter, 42, Abstracts, 29.
37. MARSHALL, J. E. A. and STEPHENSON, B. J. 1997. Sedimentological responses to basin initiation in the Devonian of East Greenland. Sedimentology, 44, 407-419.
38. MEDYANIK, S. I. 1982. Sporangia of the lower Frasnian Archaeoperisaccus from southern Timan. Palaeontological Journal, 1982 (2), 121-127.
39. MEYER-BERTHAUD, B., SCHECKLER, S. E. and WENDT J. 1999. Archaeopteris is the earliest known modern tree. Nature, 398, 700-701.
40. MCGREGOR, D. C. 1960. Devonian spores from Melville Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Palaeontology, 3, 26-44.
41. MCGREGOR, D. C. 1981. Spores and the Middle-Upper Devonian boundary. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 34, 25-47.
42. MCGREGOR, D. C. 1996. Spores of the Escuminac Formation. 91-102. In SCHULTZE, H-P. and CLOUTIER, R. (eds). Devonian fishes and plants of Miguasha, Quebec, Canada. Pfeil, München, 374 pp.
43. MCGREGOR, D. C. and CAMFIELD, M. 1982. Middle Devonian miospores from the Cape De Bray, Weatherall, and Hecla Bay formations of northeastern Melville Island, Canadian Arctic. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 348, 1-105.
44. MORTIMER, M. G. and CHALONER, W. G. 1967. Devonian megaspores from the Wyboston borehole, Bedfordshire, England. Palaeontology, 10, 189-213.
45. MORTIMER, M. G. and CHALONER, W. G. 1972. The palynology of the concealed Devonian rocks of southern England. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 39, 1-56.
46. NAUMOVA, S. N. 1953. Upper Devonian spore-pollen assemblages of the Russian Platform and their stratigraphic significance. Transactions of the Institute of Geological Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 143 (Geological Series no. 60), 1-204. [In Russian].
47. NIXON, K. C., CREPET, W. L., STEVENSON, D. and FRIIS, E. M. 1994. A reevaluation of seed plant phylogeny. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden, 81, 484-533.
48. OLSEN, H. 1993. Sedimentary basin analysis of the continental Devonian basin in north-east Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, Bulletin, 168, 1-80.
49. OWENS, B. 1971. Miospores from the Middle and Early Upper Devonian rocks of the western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Arctic archipelago. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 70-38, 1-157.
50. PETTITT, J. M. 1966. A new interpretation of the megaspore membrane in some gymnospermous ovules. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 59, 253-263.
51. PETTITT, J. M. 1974. Developmental mechanisms in heterospory. II. Evidence for pinocytosis in the microspores of Selaginella. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 69, 79-87.
52. PETTITT, J. M. and BECK, C. B. 1968. Archaeosperma arnoldii - a cupulate seed from the Upper Devonian of North America. Contribution of the Museum of Palaeontology, University of Michigan, 22, 139-154.
53. PLAYFORD, G. 1971. Lower Carboniferous spores from the Bonaparte Gulf Basin, Western Australia and Northern Territory. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 115, 1-104.
54. PLAYFORD, G. 1983. The Devonian miospore genus Geminospora Balme, 1962, a reappraisal based upon topotypic G. lemurata (type species). Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 1, 311-325.
55. POTONIÉ, R. and KREMP, G. 1954. Die Gattungen der paläozoischen Sporae dispersae und ihre Stratigraphie. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 69, 111-194.
56. RADFORTH, N. W. 1939. Further contributions to our knowledge of the fossil Schizaeaceae; genus Senftenbergia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 59, 745-761.
57. RICHARDSON, J. B. 1960. Spores from the Middle Old Red Sandstone of Cromarty, Scotland. Palaeontology, 3, 45-63.
58. RICHARDSON, J. B. and MCGREGOR, D. C. 1986. Silurian and Devonian spore zones of the Old Red Sandstone continent and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 364, 1-79.
59. ROBSON, J. 1983. The Devonian megaspore palynology of South East Ella Island, Greenland. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Bristol, 206 pp.
60. ROTHWELL, G. W. 1999. Fossils and ferns in the resolution of land plant phylogeny. The Botanical Review, 65, 188-218.
61. ROTHWELL, G. W. and ERWIN, D. M. 1987. Origin of seed plants: an aneurophyte/seed-fern link elaborated. American Journal of Botany, 74, 970-973.
62. ROTHWELL, G. W. and SCHECKLER, S. E. 1988. Biology of ancestral gymnosperms. 85-134. In BECK, C. B. (ed.). Origin and evolution of gymnosperms. Columbia University Press, New York, 504 pp.
63. ROTHWELL, G. W. SCHECKLER, S. E. and GILLESPIE, W. H. 1989. Elkinsia gen. nov., a Late Devonian gymnosperm with cupulate ovules. Botanical Gazette, 150, 170-189.
64. ROTHWELL, G. W. and SERBET, R. 1994. Lignophyte phylogeny and the evolution of spermatophytes: a numerical cladistic analysis. Systematic Botany, 19, 443-482.
65. ROWE, N. P. 1997. Late Devonian winged preovules and their implications for the adaptive radiation of early seed plants. Palaeontology, 40, 575-595.
66. SERBET, R. and ROTHWELL, G. W. 1992. Characterizing the most primitive seed ferns. 1. A reconstruction of Elkinsia polymorpha. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 153, 602-621.
67. SHATTUCK, C. H. 1910. The origin of heterospory in Marsilea. Botanical Gazette, 49, 19-40.
68. SMITH, A. H. V. 1971. Le Genre Verrucosisporites Ibrahim 1933 emend. A. H. V. Smith. 35-87. In: Microfossiles organiques du Paleozoique, 4. Les Spores. CNRS, Paris, 87 pp.
69. STEWART, W. N. and ROTHWELL, G. W. 1993. Paleobotany and the evolution of plants. Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 521 pp.
70. STOCKMANS, F. 1948. Végétaux de Dévonien Supérieur de la Belgique. Mémoires du Musée Royal d' Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 110, 1-85.
71. STREEL, M. 1964. Une association du spores du Givétian inférieur de la Vesdre, à Goé (Belgique). Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, 87, (7), 1-30.
72. STREEL, M. HIGGS, K., LOBOZIAK, S., RIEGEL, W. and STEEMANS, P. 1987. Spore stratigraphy and correlation with faunas and floras in the type marine Devonian of the Ardenne-Rhenish regions. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 50, 211-229.
73. TAYLOR, T. N. and SCHECKLER, S. E. 1996. Devonian spore ultrastructure: Rhabdosporites. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 93, 147-158.
74. TELNOVA, O. P. and MEYER-MELIKYAN, N. R. 1993. Spore research on the Devonian and Carboniferous deposits of the Timan-Pechora Province. Nauka, Saint Petersburg, 77 pp. [In Russian].
75. TIFFNEY, B. H. 1981. Diversity and major events in the evolution of land plants. 193-230. In NIKLAS, K. L. (ed.). Paleobotany, paleoecology and evolution, 2. Praeger New York, 279 pp.
76. TURNAU, E. and RACKI, G. 1999. Givetian palynostratigraphy and palynofacies: new data from the Bodzentyn Syncline (Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 106, 237-271.
77. WELLMAN, C. H. 2002. Morphology and wall ultrastructure in Devonian spores with bifurcate-tipped processes. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 163, 451-474.
78. WILLIAMS, E. A., FRIEND, P. F. and WILLIAMS, B. P. J. 2000. A review of Devonian time scales: databases, construction and new data. 1-21. In FRIEND, P. F. and WILLIAMS, B. P. J. (eds). New perspectives on the Old Red Sandstone. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 180, 623 pp.