Continuous flow 50:50 nitrous oxide:oxygen is effective for relief of procedural pain in the pediatric emergency department

Acute Pain

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 25-30

  Keidan, Ilan ^a   Zaslansky, Ruth ^a   Yusim, Yakov ^a   Ben Ackon, Michael ^a   Rubinstien, Marina ^a   Perel, Azriel ^a   Augarten, Arie ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Child; Emergency department; Nitrous oxide; Procedural pain; Side effects

Indexed keywords

LIDOCAINE; NITROUS OXIDE; OXYGEN;

ADOLESCENT; ANALGESIA; ARTICLE; CHILD; COUGHING; EMERGENCY WARD; EUPHORIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RESTLESSNESS; SIDE EFFECT; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL; VERTIGO; VOMITING;

EID: 0043156438     PISSN: 13660071     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1366-0071(03)00026-3     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Brent A. Acute pain in children: the management of pain in the emergency department. Pediatr Clin N Am 2000;47:651-79.
2. Blackburn P, Vissers R. Pharmacology of emergency department pain management and conscious sedation. Emerg Med Clin N Am 2000;18:803-27.
3. 2O. New York: Elsevier; 1985. p. 41-55.
4. Stach DJ. Nitrous oxide sedation: understanding the benefits and risks. Am J Dentistry 1995;8:47-50.
5. Jastak JT. Nitrous oxide in dental practice. Int Anesthesiol Clin 1989;27:92-7.
6. Olofsson C, Irestedt L. Traditional analgesic agents: are parenteral narcotics passe and do inhalational agents still have a place in tabour? Bailliieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1998;12:409-21.
7. Stirrat GM, Thomas TA. Prescribing for tabor. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1986;13:215-29.
8. Gatt O, Annequin D, Benoit G, et al. Adverse events of premixed nitrous oxide and oxygen for procedural sedation in children. Lancet 2001;358:1514-5.
9. Annequin D, Carbajal R, Chauvin P, et al. Fixed 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen mixture for painful procedures: a French survey. Pediatrics 2000;105:47-57.
10. Luhmann JD, Kennedy RM, Porter FL, et al. A randomized clinical triat of continuous flow nitrous oxide and midazotam for sedation of young children during laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:20-7.
11. Moore RA, Gavaghan D, Tramor MR, et al. Size is everything-large amounts of information are needed to overcome random effects in estimating direction and magnitude of treatment effects. Pain 1998;78:209-16.
12. Maze M, Fujinaga M. Recent advances in understanding the actions and toxicity of nitrous oxide. Anesthesia 2000;55:311-4 (editorial).
13. Yaster M, Krane E, Kaplan RF, et al. Pediatric pain management and sedation handbook. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997.
14. Baden JM, Rice SA. Metabolism and toxicity. In: Miller RD, editor. Anesthesia. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingston; 1994. p. 157-83.
15. Champion GD, Goodenough B, von Baeyer CL, Thomas W. Measurement of pain by self-report. In: Finely GA, McGrath PJ, editors. Measurement of pain in infants and children. IASP Press; 1998. p. 123-60.
16. Merkel SL, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: a behavioural scale for postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs 1997;23(3):293-7.
17. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by nonanesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 2002;96:1004-17.